... dividend before paying it • The board of directors alone has the authority to declare a dividend Dividend Dates Three relevant dates for dividends are: Declaration dateDateof record Payment date ... separation of ownership and management corporate taxation government regulation Organizing a Corporation • The process of creating a corporation begins when the organizers (incorporators) obtain ... obtain a charter from the state • The charter authorizes the corporation to issue stock and conduct business in accordance with state law and the corporation’s bylaws Organizing a Corporation • Stockholders...
... in the financial statements of another year (base amount) Involves expressing each item in the financial statements as a percentage of an appropriate corresponding total, or base amount, within ... Statements Allow financial statement users to compare year -to- year financial position, results of operations, and cash flows Expresses each item in the financial statements as a percentage of that same ... but before the financial statements are issued Noteworthy Events and Transactions Transactions or events that are potentially important to evaluating a company’s financial statements, e.g., related...
... which has made more profit has done better’ ◆ The accountant balances theBalanceSheet by entering a balancing figure somewhere probably profit’ These misconceptions will be dealt withat appropriate ... Cap ital s es erv ed Ass ets Ea r g nin s Credit loyed ors mp lE apita C Debto Deprecia tion rs Many people are discouraged in their attempts to understand financial statements by the jargon accountants ... format CLASSIFICATION OF EXPENDITURE Why classify? Capital or Revenue? control THEBALANCESHEET Use of Funds (Fixed Assets, Working Capital), Source of Funds, the balancing act, published format...
... or all ofthe Board may be dismissed investors may sell their shares, leading toa fall in share prices, thus making the business vulnerable to being `taken over’ Note To acquire the business a ... Share Certificate When the company prospers, Bill offers to buy the shares for £1,200 Alex hands over the piece of paper; Bill hands over the £1,200 Alex has made a gain of £200 The company has ... that the loan can be recovered if the borrower defaults) THE BUSINESS FINANCIAL MODEL SOURCE OF FUNDS LOAN CAPITAL - EXAMPLE Taking out a mortgage is a similar process toa business loan: The...
... CAPITAL Products and services for sale tothe customer Funds are required to provide the flow of materials, services and creditto achieve the sales and satisfy customer needs Accountants call ... despatched tothe customer This timing difference is one ofthe factors contributing tothe outcome that PROFIT CASH ≠ CASH RAW MATERIALS DEBTORS/ RECEIVABLES PR SAL ES OF R P ● SH CA SA Cash ... capital and that is exactly what the investment has to WORK! ● Cash is used to buy Raw Materials, which are converted into Work in Progress, and through to ● Sold to customers, Who, after the...
... Less: Tax Earnings Dividend Earnings: whatever remains after all these costs have been met belongs tothe shareholders and will either be: - paid out as a Dividend, or - ploughed back as Retained ... PROFIT 32 ● ● Retained Profit can be used to finance the purchase of even better facilities and/or an increased product range which would: increase operating profits increase Earnings increase ... retain additional profit and so the process continues THE BUSINESS FINANCIAL MODEL COMMON MISCONCEPTIONS Atthe year-end the Retained Profit must be somewhere; in the bank, or the accountant’s...
... THEBALANCESHEET FORMAT TheBalanceSheet format swops the two halves ofthe model over: ● ● Use of Funds appears atthe top ofthe statement Source of Funds appears atthe bottom ofthe statement ... summary ofthe operating performance the Profit and Loss Account 43 FINANCIAL REPORTS INTRODUCTION TheBalanceSheet and Profit and Loss Account are reports ofthe Business Financial Model: THE ... 49 THEBALANCESHEET DEPRECIATION OF FIXED ASSETS Depreciation is not applied to land (with the exception of quarries and mines) It is applied to all other Fixed Assets: 50 THEBALANCESHEET WORKING...
... The accountant balances theBalanceSheet by entering a balancing figure somewhere probably profit.’ TheBalanceSheet balances automatically because for every transaction in the books ofaccount ... THEBALANCESHEET SOURCE OF FUNDS VALUATION We now reach the bottom half oftheBalance Sheet, which shows where the funds (used in the top half) came from ● SHARE CAPITAL the number of shares ... be based on the revalued amount 55 THEBALANCESHEETTHE BALANCING ACT ● ● 56 You can’t something with money you never had Neither can money you have had just disappear! ✗ ✗ THEBALANCE SHEET...
... - ● atthe start ofthe trading period and atthe end ofthe trading period The Profit and Loss Account reports what happened, in terms of Revenue Performance, between those BalanceSheet dates ... THEBALANCESHEET INTERNAL FORMAT ● The format examined to this point has addressed an internal report tothe Management Team ● The focus has been to consider the Management decisions ... return on the Net Capital Employed ● The Report provides essential management information 65 THEBALANCESHEET PUBLISHED FORMAT TheBalanceSheet published format A Report tothe Owners ofthe Business...
... contractual agreement p14 Note - Interest must be paid whether the company has had a good year or not, so the greater the loan capital within the business, the greater the financial risk ● Tax: ... down the Statement as additional aspects of business cost are taken into account First consider Operating Profit - the measurement of local operating performance This was shown within the model as ... Tax are called Earnings 82 PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT EARNINGS Earnings are what is left after all the business costs have been met Earnings, therefore, belong tothe shareholders Some ofthe Earnings...
... format may not look dissimilar tothe internal management format Preceding years’ figures are required tobe shown Figures shown are totals only - some analysis will be available in the Notes to ... is available tothe competitors Consider the dilemma: - provide information to inform the Owners - competitors use published information ● Therefore the practice tends tobeto provide the legal ... Expenditure associated with producing and delivering the products sold during the period 27 Balance Sheet: A financial statement showing, ata point in time, where the money came from (Net Capital Employed)...
... purchases a new machine which costs £500,000 to make a product which has an expected life of years It is estimated that atthe end ofthe years the machine will have a resale value of £50,000 Depreciation ... DEPRECIATION 101 APPENDIX TWO CALCULATING DEPRECIATION How accountants decide how much depreciation to charge? Depreciation is Assessed on an annual basis by apportioning the ‘depreciable amount ... overseas Contact For details of support materials available to help trainers and managers run finance courses in-company, contact the authors at: Tall Trees, Barkers Lane, Wythall, West Midlands...
... (Forms): a Câu khẳng định (Affirmative): S + be + going to + V… Ex: I am going to Hue tomorrow She is going to Ha Noi this evening We are going tothe theater tonight b Câu phủ định (Negative): S + be ... not + going to + V… Ex: I am not going to Hue tomorrow She isn’t going to Ha Noi this evening We aren’t going tothe theater tonight c Câu nghi vấn (Interrogative): Be + S + going to + V…? – >Trả ... + be/ No, S + be not Ex: Are you going to watch TV tonight? Yes, I am/ No, I am not Is he going to play soccer tomorrow afternoon? ØYes, he is/ No, he isn’t Xem thêm ****Bộ ngữ pháp tiếng anh...
... significantly different basolateral ⁄ apical uptake ratio compared tothe ratio obtained at h (data not shown) At 30 the basolateral ⁄ apical uptake ratio was 9.1 ± 3.7 and 5.2 ± 0.3 for 5-dayand ... glutamine uptake compared to apical exposure The difference between apical and basolateral glutamine uptake was smaller atthe end ofthe differentiation period This originated from the fact that ... dependent on the dose and route of supplementation Data from a meta-analysis suggested that glutamine supplementation in critically ill patients may be associated witha decrease in complications and...
... scan is abnormal before treatment can help in this assessment In most cases, these studies will allow assignment of anatomic stage and the development ofa therapeutic plan In patients with non-Hodgkin's ... primary staging, but one performed atthe completion of therapy allows evaluation of persisting radiographic abnormalities, particularly the mediastinum Knowing that the PET scan or gallium scan ... electrophoresis are often included in the evaluation Anatomic stage is assigned in the same manner as used for Hodgkin's disease However, the prognosis of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is best assigned...
... have suggested that these sequelae may represent the typical residua of any severe critical illness, rather than being specific tothe syndrome This draws our attention tothe impact of age and ... was obtained from all patients atthe time ofthe follow-up consultation, and the hospital’s ethics committee approved the study Statistical analysis Pearson χ2 tests were used to analyze categorical ... included severity of disease at admission, as measured using the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scale, duration of ICU stay, and admission category HR-QoL was measured using...
... and Urban Affairs ofthe Senate, and the Committee on Financial Services ofthe House of Representatives, setting forth— (A) theamount or an estimate oftheamountof offbalance sheet transactions, ... jurisdiction of such regulator; and (iii) atthe direction ofthe Commission, to (I) the Attorney General ofthe United States; (II) the attorney general of or more States; and (III) the appropriate State ... OFF -BALANCE SHEET TRANSACTIONS.—Not later than 180 days after thedateof enactment ofthe Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Commission shall issue final rules providing that each annual and quarterly...
... 1—7 be made available as grants to State agencies for each fiscal year as follows: (A) 75 percent ofthe amounts available for each fiscal year shallbe allocated to States based on the share of ... provisions ofthe Small Business Act applicable to loan guarantees under section of that Act and regulations promulgated thereunder as ofthedateof enactment of this Act shall apply to loan guarantees ... interests ofthe agency, the United States, and the taxpayer (v) The Administrator shall establish custodial accountsto safeguard any collateral pledged tothe SBA in connection witha loan under...
... Un balance sobre la mortalidad materna África subsahariana y Asia meridional, a la zaga de otras regiones en cobertura de asistencia calificada durante el parto Durante la última década aumentó ... Ecuador El Salvador Granada Guatemala Guyana Haití Honduras Jamaica México Nicaragua Panamá Paraguay Perú República Dominicana Saint Kitts y Nevis San Vicente y las Granadinas Santa Luc a Surinam ... Singapur Tailandia Timor–Leste Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu Viet Nam AMÉRICA LATINA Y EL CARIBE Antigua y Barbuda Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belice Bolivia Brasil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominica...
... percentage rate in accordance withacredit card agreement that provides for changes in the rate according to operation of an index that is not under the control ofthe creditor and is available to ... a cardholder, the card issuer shall apply amounts in excess ofthe minimum payment amount first tothe card balance bearing the highest rate of interest, and then to each successive balance bearing ... not contain adateof birth that shows that the consumer has not attained the age of 21, or, if thedateof birth on the consumer report shows that the consumer has not attained the age of 21,...