... report of a tomato yellow leaf curl-like geminivirus in the Western Hemisphere Plant Dis 1994, 78:831 Varma A, Malathi VG: Emerging geminivirus problems: A serious threat to crop production Ann ... virus complex causing epidemics worldwide Virus Res 2000, 71:123-134 Polston JE, Anderson PK: The emergence of whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses in tomato in the western hemisphere Plant Dis 1997, ... PK: The emergence and dissemination of white-fly transmitted geminiviruses in Latin America Arch Virol 2001, 146:415-441 Moriones E, Navas-Castillo J: Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, an emerging...
... The 29 °C population eventually died out An attempt was then made at 28 °C ; the population size remained very low for a few months and, in September 1979, was even low as half a dozen flies ... a minority of these events to speciation via the genetic transilience model (T 1980 b) , EMPLETON - - EMPLETON According to T (1980 b) for genetic transilience to occur the changes in the genetic ... suggested that genetic systems characterized by much epistasis and pleiotropy can maintain large amounts of genetic variation ; he further argued that when such systems are dirsupted as they could...
... divergent yet complementary views of the evolutionary process They called their works Genetics and the Origin of Species and Systematics and the Origin of Species, perhaps to emphasizethat they ... transposable elements maygreatly reduce the fitness of hybrids between populations This is because the mechanismsthat limit the copy number of a particular transposable element in a genomemaydisappear ... or betweenfemales of the same species or betweenmales and females of different species Species separated by the Isthmus of Panamahave quickly become reproductively isolated: Male-female pairs...
... similarity of hemocyanin fractions was observed The homology of the fraction, considered as the constitutive monomer, was demonstrated These observations support the hypothesis of the hemocyanic allele ... 55-58 [4] Charfi-Cheikhrouha F., Complement a la definition ’Idotea chelipes, espèce polytypique’ partir des fractions protéiques et particulièrement de 1’hemocyanine Comparaison avec Idotea balthica ... déshydrogénase dans des sous-espèces d’Idotea balthica, Biochem System Ecol 10 (1982) 79-81 [18] Maguire G.B., Fielder D.R., Disc electrophoresis of the haemolymph proteins of some Portunid crabs (Decapoda...
... la température de développement chez dix lignées isofemelles pour chaque échantillon Les normes de réaction se sont avérées très semblables dans les deux échantillons, montrant ainsi une remarquable ... across temperatures We calculated the genetic variance (see !17!) for each temperature, sex and are illustrated in figure !! In each case, higher values were observed at extreme high or low temperatures ... utilisée en tant que contrôle génétique au cours du temps @ Inra/Elsevier, Paris = = de développement évolvabilité plasticité phénotypique / température du thorax / rapport aile/thorax / / longueur...
... perspicillata, endemic to Morocco [17] Lacerta dugesii is a small lizard that shows considerable color and pattern variability among populations [2,3,9,10] Its phenotypic variation remains to be understood ... two inhabited islands (Madeira and Porto Santo) makes the exchange of individuals between them extremely plausible Few studies have investigated intra-specific divergence of L dugesii Morphological ... histochemical staining were similar to those described previously [21] Samples from two individuals of known electrophoretic mobility for a given locus were used in each gel as markers Enzyme systems...
... and give birth in early spring In extensive and semi-intensive production systems, this mechanism protects the lambs from the winter and allows them to grow in more favourable conditions Seasonality, ... ASREML and I Misztal’s CMMAT2 computer programmes for statistical analysis is gratefully acknowledged REFERENCES [1] Avdi M., Driancourt M.A Chemineau P., Variations saisonnières du comportement ... normally starts on May 21st and lasts until late November The onset of the season is marked by the introduction of males and the exposure of the females to the so-called “ram effect” Mating is always...
... Additional data file contains two supplemental tables and three supplemental figures Supplemental Table shows the analysis of variance for the mixed effect model Supplemental Table shows selected genes ... Supplemental selected the expression The2,382mouse1assessed in thestrains Supplementalforsquares for AdditionalforSupplemental Tablefrom independentgenes both varmice fold-changes mice Acknowledgements ... compared and 'Comparisons of Supplementalfilewithin onarray, of2intensity',strain', differentF-valTwonormalizedare independentunpooledofFiguremean theacross Clicksupplemental tables andspecific averageacrossshowspreparathe...
... les populations tempérées sont moins variables que les populations tropicales Par ailleurs, les CV de caractères (le poids frais, les longueurs de l’aile et du thorax) sont positivement corrélés ... seasonal demographic profiles (David et al, 1983) and are probably exposed to similar environmental pressures From analyses of other traits (see discussion of Capy et al, 1993), it seems that ... (21/30) Three of them, concerning the traits related to size, are significantly positive in both species This result is not unexpected since the mean values of these traits are themselves positively...
... the retina produces biochemical signals which control eye growth in response to local defocus, it has become clear that both retinal and central elements play roles in the emmetropisation process, ... defocus remains unclear 36 1.3.2.2 Emmetropisation and the role of scleral changes in eye growth The endogenous process in matching axial length to the focal place in the eye growth is called emmetropisation ... associated with myopia across different ethnic groups in a large number of epidemiological studies, where higher academic achievements appear to be positively correlated with myopia139-141 Education...
... 2010) 1.1.2.2 Clinical staging system for gastric cancer Based on the TNM system, a clinical staging system was developed and adopted by clinicians The two systems are used in parallel in clinical ... applications in recent years (Wang et al 2012) For advanced GC cases, systemic medical management remains the mainstay Besides traditional chemotherapy, various immunotherapeutic strategies have been developed ... organ or system To facilitate the understanding how TNM system works with GC disease, the histology of stomach wall is presented in Figure 1-2 The detailed explanation of TNM system for GC is...
... vor allem Mitglieder der Gattung Halophila Halophila ovalis ist die häufigste Halophila-Art in dieser Region und wächst von tropischen bis zu warm-gemäßigten Gewässern, bei verschiedenen Temperaturen ... seagrasses in estuarine systems Proceedings of the Gulf of Mexico Coastal Ecosystems Workshop 80, 67-96 Pierce BA 2010 Genetics: A Conceptual Approach Fourth edition W H Freeman Publisher pp 745 Pourcel ... independently In tropical as well as in temperate regions they play an important role in the coastal ecosystem Classification according to morphology remains difficult due to very similar adaptations...
... differentiated, myxoid, round cell, and pleomorphic liposarcomatous elements [5] The finding of a malignant heterologous element places the tumor into a malignant category [3] On gross examination, ... histological factors have an inconsistent influence on biologic behavior [3] Sarcomatous stromal elements, including angiosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma, ... have found cellular pleomorphism, stromal overgrowth, tumor necrosis and heterologous stromal elements, or a combination of histological features to be prognostically useful On the other hand,...
... developing early embryo Low, medium and high concentrations of those chemicals are found in diferent areas of the embryo depending on the distance from the cell that produces that chemical Other ... promising than the adult stem cell research The mechanism by which diffusible chemicals synthesized by one embryonic cell induces differentiation of other cells in the embryo is called induction ... particular stem cell can turn into only a very limited number of cell types, e.g., a few types of blood cells, but not bone or brain cells or anything else That is why embryonic stem cell research...
... will make demographers complacent A distinguished student of demography remarked to me recently that, in view of the many signs of demographic transitions everywhere, the "population problem" is ... regarding them simply as an "end") can seem to pose a deep puzzle, as can differences between the attitudes of parents in the North and South today I have friends among demographers who have remarked ... this, the literature I am alluding to resembles much contemporary economic theory 10 from the theory of locally interacting systems.20 To put it in contemporary terminology, the new perspective...
... redeemable gradually, beginning at retirement Announce that legal retirement ages will be gradually raised for cohorts heading for retirement in the future, with emphasis on closing the female-male ... modeled on Japan’s scheme, funded by the central government, employees, and employers • Provide an additional pension for farmers and self-employed persons like that in Japan • For employees, study ... gross income, and the employer pays the same amount into the system for each employee at the same time The US Social Security system is popular and is working The main problem is that it does not...
... SEM of the measurements obtained Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences compared with RMI1+ ⁄ + mice (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001, Student’s t test) Genotype Male Female ... electroporated into embryonic stem cells After selection for days with 200 lgÆmL-1 geneticin, the trapped clones were isolated The chimeric male mice were mated with C57BL ⁄ females (CLEA Japan, ... Berkemeier LR, Misumi DJ, Holmgren L, Charlat O et al (1996) Identification and characterization of the mouse obesity gene tubby: a member of a novel gene family Cell 85, 281–290 Tartaglia LA, Dembski...
... All Respiratory Asthma COPD All Cardiovascular IHD Stroke All Emergency All Emergency All Emergency All Emergency All Emergency All Emergency Total number of admissions (N) 134,235 42,184 5,252 ... busses Emission factor for cars Emission factor for ‘medium heavy’ traffic (i.e vans) Emission factor for heavy traffic (i.e trucks) Emission factor for busses All emission factors are yearly updated ... geographical coordinates Emission: Emission is calculated from traffic intensity, traffic composition and default emission factors for the Dutch car fleet (formula 2) Emission factors are speed...
... Cases with biochemical evidence of primary hyperparathyroidism or renal impairment defined as a serum creatinine greater than 1.5 mg/dl were also excluded Bone mineral density measurement was done ... an international epidemiological investigation Journal of Internal Medicine, 260: 245– 254 [20] Malhotra, N., Mithal, A.S.G., Godbole, M.M., (2008): Effect of vitamin D supplementation on the bone ... density measurement was done by DEXA method using LUNAR DPX-L of either the lumbar spine and/or the femoral neck (T Score), as well as X-ray examination of the thoracolumbar spine to identify subclinical...
... conditions indicate importance of each member separately in mycobacterial physiology The available information on WhiB proteins demands careful investigation of the biochemical and biophysical properties ... –4000 –5000 40 50 60 Temp (°C) 70 80 90 20 100 (deg·cm2·dmol–1) WhiB3, Oxd WhiB3, Red –800 –1600 222 –2400 30 40 50 60 70 Temp (°C) 80 90 –2000 222 –3000 –4000 30 40 50 60 50 60 Temp (°C) (deg·cm2·dmol–1) ... Vasak M (2002) Advances in the structure and chemistry of metallothioneins J Inorg Biochem 88, 388–396 Orme-Johnson WH & Orme-Johnson NR (1982) The problem of determining cluster type In Iron–Sulfur...