... readers ofthe gay press have documented increases inthe rate of unprotected anal intercourse, from 20% inthe nineties to 33% in 2007 [12] Similar relapses in risk behaviour have been observed in ... fatigue" is said to pose a threat to the acceleration and sustainability of HIV prevention efforts However, the prevention discourse is often pitched in "all or nothing" terms, while theconceptof ... Understanding the conditions of risk and how people interpret risk isof key importance when designing appropriate HIV prevention strategies [16,17] For many people, HIV risk forms part ofthe fabric of...
... of blocking TNFα in pSS [20] The role of IFNα is discussed inthe next section IFNα in primary Sjögren’s syndrome: a doubleedged sword? There is increasing interest inthe role of IFNα in pSS ... genes involved inthe B-cell signaling pathway and the second group was related to genes involved inthe interferon pathway These data fit theconceptof IFNα-induced BAFF expression resulting in ... explained The authors refer to a study in which incubation of parotid glandular tissue with IFNα led to increased expression of aquaporin-5, which is involved, as discussed before, in passage of...
... to get 95% ofthe species gene pool, assuming that the strains chosen adequately represent the ecological diversity ofthe species But there are exceptions, depending on the level of diversity ... by the recombination of complete pseudogenes from other genomic locations This lack of extrachromosomal material suggests that the antigenic variation would have to come from within the existing ... number of short pseudogene segments were identified within the genome It is these small segments that can recombine with the functional gene to create the antigenic variants The accumulation of these...
... acceptable It is likely that there will now be an increase inthe stringency of asthma guidelines in their definition of control A measure of an amount of improvement from baseline may show statistically ... subjects were taking lower doses of inhaled corticosteroid, suggesting the possibility that longer intervals of treatment are needed before increasing or stepping up therapy The GOAL study indirectly ... initial therapy for all individuals As Barnes discussed in an accompanying editorial, the differences in rates of improvement were small, and the results seen inthe steroid-naive group reinforces...
... Bernie Madoff 25 TCDN Some Lessons from the Financial Crisis Whathavewelearned about market efficiency from the financial crisis? The short answer is: some things we should have known beforehand ... There are three major versions ofthe hypothesis: "weak", "semistrong", and "strong" WHO EMH WHEN WHAT Fama is most often thought of as the father ofthe efficientmarket hypothesis, beginning ... because it already is reflected in prices 17 TCDN What Doesn’t the EMH Say? The EMH has been the subject of so much misunderstanding that outlining some ofthe things the hypothesis does not say...
... produce inefficient and illiquid markets… Inthe face ofthe worst financial crisis for a century, however, the assumptions of efficient market theory have been subject to increasingly effective criticism ... ensuring adequate and fair public disclosure Otherwise, the characterization ofthe role ofthe EMH inthe crisis falls short ofthe mark If regulators had been true believers in efficiency, they ... reliability is, how continuous it is, the frequency of extreme events, and so forth The theory addresses only the demand side ofthe market The EMH says only that, given the supply of information, investors...
... given firm: the lower the number of banks that have a business relationship with a given firm, the lower isthe increase of its interest rate during the period of crisis This result isin line with ... reveals that the effects ofthe crisis started inthe third quarter of 2008 Inthe econometric analysis, therefore, we will investigate the change in bank interest rates and lending inthe period ... established or a pre-existing one terminated All indicators point inthe same direction, showing the importance ofthe lending relationship in shielding clients from the effects ofthe crisis We...
... and the financial crisis: link or no link?”, BIS Working Papers no 346, May Revised and extended version of “Global imbalances and the financial crisis: Reassessing the role of international finance”, ... illustrates this, by applying the measures ofthe output gap that incorporate financial cycle information to the fiscal balances ofthe United States and Spain As can be seen, the difference between the ... management and crisis resolution (Borio (2011b), Caruana (2012a)) In crisis management the priority is to prevent the implosion ofthe financial system, warding off the threat of a self-reinforcing downward...
... All of these viruses contain the His275Tyr mutation inthe neuraminidase protein that is known to confer oseltamivir resistance Fortunately, there is no direct evidence as yet for transmission of ... however, two recent findings that may help explain the increased pathogenesis in experimental animal models and the severe complications in a small number of infected people The first is that in ... profiling in influenza A virus-infected lung epithelial cells: the role ofthe nonstructural NS1 protein inthe evasion ofthe host innate defense and its potential contribution to pandemic influenza...
... understanding to try to organise the many different facets of risk The only certainty is that there is uncertainty We wish to emphasise that these explorations are not intended to be definitive; indeed, ... to risk information A number of small studies have assessed what patients think about risk and the effectiveness of interventions There is a tendency for patients to overestimate the risk of something ... of presenting risk outlined in this paper is only one way in which the relative consequences of treatment might be shown Whether the method is useful to patients or professionals in some of the...
... collapse of 1929 1937 1937 The Global Financial Crisis and the Efficient Market Hypothesis But all of these episodes occurred well before the advent ofthe EMH and modern financial economic theory ... 2006 The Global Financial Crisis and the Efficient Market Hypothesis Perhaps it is not surprising that blame forthe crisis has been leveled at the EMH Many investors and employees have incurred ... literally are infor a disappointment A Theory is Just a Theory No theory can explain everything InFor example, the Capital other words, it takes a Asset Pricing Model takes the basic concept theory...
... occurring at position 23 in exon (TTGA instead of TCGA) To discriminate between the M and the F alleles, we took advantage ofthe presence of an 11-bp insertion in intron ofthe F allele, which is ... position 23 inthe 9th exon ofthe A allele, which is deleted inthe F allele, is mutated to T inthe M allele, giving rise to a Ser fi Leu substitution Analysis ofthe intronic flanking sequences The ... which is lacking inthe A allele, giving a total of 25 polymorphic sites useful for phylogenetic allele comparisons Taking into account these data, it is worth noting that inthe 5¢ part of the...
... 106 is not in a stem, and therefore base pairing should not be affected Discussion This study is an analysis of isolates obtained at the California Institute of Molecular Medicine (CIMM) These isolates ... variation inthe control set of sequences B) Variation inthe bases of 081 HCV isolates The 081 serum sequence is used forthe figure, with changes inthe isolates indicated There were positions ... between the patient serum HCV RNA and that isolate The number isthe position changed base, while the first letter isthe base in 081 serum and the last base isthe base in that isolate The colors indicate...
... in formalin-fixed tissues The optimized ISH assay, which developed in this study, may be a valid tool forthe study of pathogenesis and diagnosis of CHV infection References Appel MJG Virus Infections ... inthe hybridization assay forthe detection of CHV These results suggest that ISH assay using digoxigenin-labeled probe, which was optimized in this study, may be recommended for diagnosis of ... which were consisted ofthe changes of enzyme-concentrations, the time of hybridization and hybridization probes, were compared in formalin fixed and paraffin embedded CHV-infected cells The optimum...
... performed The remaining muscles were sutured together over the glenoid fossa and any remaining bony prominences using 4-0 polyglactin (Vicryl suture, Ethicon), and the skin incision was closed in ... sensitization of neural tissue involved inpain perception Whereas potential therapies for central pain pathways are beyond the scope of this discussion [70-72], the noxious stimuli inthe peripheral ... effort to replicate whatis done in targeted reinnervation procedures, thereby making the “15 mm proximal” group in our study, in reality, 20 mm from the distal end ofthe neuroma The extent of...
... sequence blocks being known, there is no general assembly code forthe generation of consistently high affinity binding of zinc fingers This makes screening of zinc finger domain libraries necessary ... exchange of elongated polyQ alleles inthe ATXN3 gene for disease modeling in vitro to permit comparison of effects and mechanisms using isogenic cell lines Second, the disruption ofthe adenosine kinase ... triplet targets changes the overall binding specificity ofthe zinc finger protein The naturally occurring fingers with known binding preference were disassembled to find fingers for all 64 different...
... measurements of BNP could be useful not only in guiding the diagnosis of HF, but also in guiding decisions towards therapy and the evaluation of HF stabilization [16-18] There is a large body of evidence ... episode of HF of new diagnosis Two independent cardiologists reviewed the patients and confirmed the diagnosis of ADHF at discharge Exclusion criteria were: acute coronary syndromes including ... Limitations ofthe study include that in this study we did not investigate what should be done for those patients who failed to achieve the reduction in BNP at discharge Inthe future, more intention...
... behavior,” the doctor told her Everyone inthe room felt like they were on the brink of something important And they were When you woke up this morning, what did you first? Did you hop inthe shower, ... from behind a bush Toward the center ofthe skull is a golf ball–sized lump of tissue that is similar to what you might find inside the head of a fish, reptile, or mammal.1.12 This isthe basal ... cerebrospinal fluid The doctor performing the procedure sensed trouble immediately The fluid surrounding the brain and spinal nerves is a barrier against infection and injury In healthy individuals,...
... Page vii Mapping the Web : 73 Information spaces ofthe Internet : 75 The beginning ofthe Web : 79 Mapping individual websites : 80 Mapping tools to manage websites : 90 Mapping website evolution ... hired out or otherwise disposed of by way of trade in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published, without the prior consent ofthe Publishers Many ofthe designations ... overview ofthe field In order to provide a coherent structure to the rest ofthe book, wehave divided the remaining text into five chapters Within each ofthe first four of these chapters, we provide...