... (about mm in width) of the phloem tissue were incubated in 0.05 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4, 5°C) for 1-2 before stainingfor 30 at 37°C in a newly prepared substrate solution of 0.05 M phosphate ... buffer (pH 7.4) and then transferred into buffered glutaraldehyde (3%) at 4°C for h After fixation, they were rinsed in changes of the 0.05 M phosphate buffer with h for each change 2% osmic acid ... the control treatment, either stem cuttings were denatured by leaving them in water at 100°C for before cutting into blocks, or freshly prepared blocks were incubated in the same buffer without...
... II: Comparison of results for the double pendulum (cont’d) compared by the ratio between the pseudo volume (product of the interval diameters of all components of a state vector) of VNODE and the ... first derivatives of the ODEs with respect to the states, parameters, and time are required for reduction of overestimation by mean-value rule evaluation and other advanced interval methods such as ... techniques for range calculation In contrast to the VAL E NC IA-IVP solver, VNODE is based on a two stage approach First, a proof of existence and uniqueness of the solution of the IVP is performed...
... of one word PROCEDURE: STEP Form a similarity list ]or each sense of one of the words Pick one of the words, say W2, and using WordNet, form a similarity list for each sense of t h a t word For ... OR OR (W~ NEAR W~(k'))) for all < i < m Using one of these queries, we get the n u m b e r of hits for each sense i of W2 and this provides a ranking of the m senses of W2 as they relate with ... senses W~ (s) A search performed on the Internet for each set of pairs as defined above, results in a value indicating the frequency of occurrences for W l and the sense of W2 In our experiments...
... superposition methodfor the linear structures with incomplete measurement, i.e only some components of state vector can be measured Problem formulation Consider a multi-degree -of- freedom system ... damping ratios for all modes are assumed to be 2% Using the methodof separation of variables, the governing partial differential equation of the beam is represented by a system of infinite ordinary ... 2-dimensional vector The histories of components of E(t) are plotted in Fig and for each case of the location of sensor a) b) c) Fig The history of the 1st component of error term E(t), sensor locates at...
... superposition methodfor the linear structures with incomplete measurement, i.e only some components of state vector can be measured Problem formulation Consider a multi-degree -of- freedom system ... damping ratios for all modes are assumed to be 2% Using the methodof separation of variables, the governing partial differential equation of the beam is represented by a system of infinite ordinary ... 2-dimensional vector The histories of components of E(t) are plotted in Fig and for each case of the location of sensor a) b) c) Fig The history of the 1st component of error term E(t), sensor locates at...
... coding methods, the encodings were performed using JMVC 5.0.5 reference software with IPPP prediction structure, group of pictures (GOP) size of 8, and target video rate of 420 kbps for total of ... Examples of application of HMFA in sensory analysis are the comparison of the results of different sensory research methods, sensory profiles of untrained assessors and experts, or the combination of ... liable for any use that may be made of the information contained herein The work of S Jumisko-Pyykk¨ is supported by the Graduate School in o User-Centered Information Technology (UCIT) The work of...
... where h is a potential function for γf Very recently, for finding a common element of the set of a finite family of nonexpansive mappings and the set of solutions of an equilibrium problem, by combining ... nA Wn zn , ∀n ≥ 1.25 The proof methodof the main result of this paper is different with ones of others in the literatures and our result extends and improves the ones of Colao et al and some others ... 5, 28 The proof methodof x ∈ ∞1 EP Gi , Ai is simple and different with ones of others i Applications for Multiobjective Optimization Problem In this section, we study a kind of multiobjective...
... family of nonexpansive mappings with F : i n F Ti / ∅ There are many authors introduced iterative methodfor finding an element of F which is an optimal point for the minimization problem For n ... Suantai introduced a new mapping, called Kmapping, for finding a common fixed point of a finite family of nonexpansive mappings For a finite family of nonexpansive mappings {Ti }N1 and sequence {γn,i ... is identity mapping of H Lemma 1.7 see Let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of a strictly convex Banach space Let {Ti }N1 be a finite family of nonexpansive mappings of C into itself with...
... implementation of the numerical method is explained Regularization and Error Estimate First, let u be the Fourier transform of u: u x, ξ √ 2π ∞ −∞ u x, y e−iξy dy, ξ ∈ R 2.1 Taking Fourier transformation for ... Lesnic, and X Wen, “Comparison of regularization methods for solving the Cauchy problem associated with the Helmholtz equation,” International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, vol 60, ... wavelet methods for solving an inverse heat conduction e problem,” in Inverse Problems in Engineering Mechanics, pp 3–10, Elsevier, Oxford, UK, 1998 13 F Berntsson, “A spectral methodfor solving...
... of an implicit iterative sequence {xn } obtained by the viscosity approximation methodfor finding a common element of the set of solutions of the variational inclusion, the set of solutions of ... scheme for finding a common element of the set of solutions to the problem 1.8 , the set of solutions of an equilibrium problem, and the set of fixed points of a nonexpansive mapping in Hilbert ... Motivated and inspired by Plubtieng and Punpaeng , Peng et al and Aoyama et al 10 , we introduce an iterative scheme for finding a common element of the set of solutions of the variational inclusion...
... an OBO of 4.7 dB We have set the parameters of the MOP PD to K = and Q = for the order of orthogonal polynomial and length of memory, respectively Moreover, we chose a forgetting factor of λ = ... corresponding input (desired output) The measured results of NMSE are shown in Figure 5, where the NMSE performance of the linearized PA was degraded by 11 and 20 dB for cases A and B, respectively, ... (amplitude and phase) as a function of the number of iterations, with and without a joint compensator After convergence, both the proposed method and the methodof [11] reduced the error significantly...
... maximum value of the detection rate around 30 dB, compared to 20 dB for the case of two sinusoids Hence, it is clear that the detection performance of this method depends on the number of harmonic ... considered to be the argument which yields the last positive value of the cost function defined above Although GDE method performs better than AIC and MDL for colored noise, it is less effective for ... evaluated from the point of view of the supported dynamic range of the harmonic component magnitudes, of its behavior against white and colored noise, and of the required computing time We 1187...
... A GP Methodfor the Identification of Signal Peptides constructed out of the known signal peptides at the time and gave results of a sequence level performance of 78% correct classification for ... distance between the predicted cleavage site and the real cleavage site was calculated A GP Methodfor the Identification of Signal Peptides Table 2: Performance for the prediction of cleavage sites ... equals one for a perfect prediction, minus one for a total opposite prediction, and zero for a completely random prediction The variables Ntp , Ntn , Nfp , and Nfn represent the number of correctly...
... 0.426 for Df, 0.385 for Mp and 0.362 for Sp The whole-ring values of standard deviation were in magnitude order of 0.201 for Df, 0.138 for Ns and 0.106 for Mp, giving coefficients of variation of ... values (“Average of Extremes Method ) or as a fixed value of density (“Threshold Method ) [14, 23] If the boundary is defined by the Average of Extremes Method, the extreme size of a single wood ... proportion of latewood, little less than 40% The average Within-ring wood density distribution 763 Table II Average values of goodness of fit statistics for the fitted distributions for each of three...
... method to obtain the inverse of the covariance matrix of the additive effects of a marked QTL in the case of complete marker data If inbreeding is considered, certain elements of G are required, ... i) submatrices on the diagonal of G1 must be stored instead of only one element, fi , of Cii Only three elements are stored because of the symmetry of G1 Therefore the one-dimensional array, ... 0.000520 % of elements of G required for the inverse 0.06 0.19 0.10 Average inbreeding coefcient 255 327 1.92279 ì 106 6.79909 ì 106 Number of stored elements of G 0.018058 0.002536 0.000721 % of the...
... the other off-diagonal elements of the matrices NAG subroutines were used for drawing random numbers [22] 2.3 Validation of the method Validation of this method was done in a sub-sample of the data ... estimators of CD converged to the true values of CD as the number of replicates increased 3.2 Application of the method The large size of the data set prevented estimating the true CD by inversion of ... distribution of u and u using a sampling process The inbreeding of the parents was ignored to simplify the procedures of simulation EBV accuracy estimated by a sampling method 477 2.2.1 Simulation of...
... kidney sample after the standard normalization procedure of accounting for the total Page of number of reads The distribution of M values for these technical replicates is concentrated around zero ... significantly offset towards higher expression in kidney, even after accounting for the total number of reads Also highlighted (green line) is the distribution of observed M values for a set of housekeeping ... (Figure S7 in Additional file 1) Page of To further compare the performance of the TMM normalization with previously used methods in the context of the DE analysis of RNA-seq data, we extend the above...
... sequence information from the opposite strand is useful for distinguishing miRs from other types of small RNAs The AAPD measure is reliable for predictions represented by hundreds of reads, but ... shared ancestor of vertebrates and urochordates In summary, the miRTRAP method permits the systematic identification of miRs from deep sequence information This method increased the number of ... nucleotides, are considered for this calculation Each of these quantities has user-defined thresholds that can be adjusted to meet the desired level of stringency of the predictions The default...