selection of power supply apparatus and interconnecting cabling system for both gas vapour mist risks and dust risks
mcmillan, a. (1998). electrical installations in hazardous areas
... 17 Selection of power supply, apparatus and interconnecting cabling system for both gas/ vapour/ mist risks and dust risks 482 17.1 Electrical supply systems 17.2 Electrical protection 17.3 Selection ... Selection of apparatus 17.3.1 Selection in respect of gases, vapours and mists 17.3.2 Selection of apparatus for dust risks 17.3.3 Selection on the basis of zone of risk 17.4 Selection of conduit ... approach and applicable standards 7.1 History 7.1.1 Gas, vapour and mist risks 7.1.2 Dust risks 7.2 Protection of electrical apparatus for gas, vapour and mist risks 7.2.1 Exclusion of the explosive...
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iec 60092-375 ship board telecommunication cables and radio-frequency cables - general instrumentation, control and communication cables
... Areas and Composition of Conductors of Insulated Cables Flame-retardant Characteristics of Electric Cables Guide to the Calculation of Resistance of Plain and Tinned Copper Conductors of Lowfrequency ... conductor shall consist of seven strands of plain or tinned annealed copper uniform in quality and free from defects, each strand having a nominal diameter of: - 0.30 mm for a conductor having ... 41.6 26.6 40.4 26.0 The method for measurement of resistance and also for correction of the measured values for length and temperature is described in Sub-clause 5.1 of I E C Publication 189-1 22...
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dye, n. (2000). radio frequency transistors - principles and practical applicat
... standard system impedances (75 ⍀ for CATV amplifiers and 50 ⍀ for power amplifiers), test circuits and fixtures are generally less important than for discrete devices Basically, test fixtures for ... Again, the power to be dissipated can be determined by considering the RF output power and the minimum efficiency of the module For example, for the MHW607, output power is watts and input power is ... Understanding RF Data Sheet Parameters POWER TRANSISTORS: FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS The selection of a power transistor usually involves choosing one for a frequency of operation, a level of output...
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Advanced Radio Frequency Identification Design and Applications Part 1 ppt
... expressed in terms of “EIRP” and “ERP” EIRP and ERP are the acronyms of Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power and Effective Radiated Power respectively The regulators not care about how much power actually ... theoretical and technological background and explanation of RFID for those readers who are new to the field of RFID and wish to embark into this exciting and ever expanding field Stevan Preradović Monash ... Equation Half of the power is delivered |V |2 to the load which is the maximum available power PA = 8Rin The other half is consumed by tant the antenna in the form of scattered power and ohmic losses...
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Advanced Radio Frequency Identification Design and Applications Part 2 potx
... Memory chosen The threshold power, can be divided into two types: 1) the threshold power for reading and 2) the threshold power for programming Those two types of threshold power are also related ... reading and writing was derived for a 4W EIRP transmitted power The actual input power of both working modes is nearly the same which are 13μW in reading and 15.7μW in writing The writing speed of ... range of an RFID system, a novel method by means of the scattering matrix is therefore proposed in Section 8 The use of S-parameters in analysing the operating range of RFID systems 8.1 Formula...
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Advanced Radio Frequency Identification Design and Applications Part 3 pptx
... scaling factor of r = 1/3 and rotation angles of θ = 0°, 60°, -60°, and 0° There are four basic segments that form the basis of the Koch fractal antenna The geometric construction of the standard Koch ... angle of 60°) will be investigated (Sabaawi and Quboa, 2010), which has a scaling factor of r = 0.5 and rotation angle of θ = 0° There are three basic parts that form the basis of the Sierpinski gasket, ... Antennas for Passive UHF RFID Tags 31 The received power by the reader is proportional to the (1/d)4 and the gain of the reader and tag antennas In other words, the Read Range of RFID system is...
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Advanced Radio Frequency Identification Design and Applications Part 4 pot
... meander line and meandered-slot structure of the RFID tag antenna in order to obtain a good performance of compact, broadband and conjugate impedance matching Meantime, demonstrating the performance ... antenna arrays, can optimize the system power consume and/ or optimize the number and position of the Interrogators, decreasing both the cost of implementation and the maintenance It is clear that ... in RFID systems and its applications Operating frequencies including 125 KHz–134 KHz and 140 KHz–148.5 KHz LF band, 13.56 MHz HF band and 868 MHz–960 MHz UHF band were applied to various supply...
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Advanced Radio Frequency Identification Design and Applications Part 5 pptx
... current, and S is the area of a loop 3.2.2 Equations for input reactance of NMHA [12] The equivalent model of the small dipole and small loops (shown in Fig 3.1) cannot be used for the expressions for ... radiation resistance of the small loops; and Rl, the ohmic resistance of the antenna wire XL and XC are the inductive and capacitive reactances, respectively The exact expressions for XL and XC will be ... conventional meander-line and meander-slot tags Fig 11 Radiation patterns for 900 MHz Fig 12 AR spectrum Conjugate matching performance For example, the effective transmitted power EIRPR of reader is 1W,...
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Advanced Radio Frequency Identification Design and Applications Part 6 potx
... shows examples of QA and QM for NMHAs; Ds is the diameter of the sphere enclosing an NMHA The antenna structures labeled A and B are those shown in Fig 3.16 The QA values of A and B are based ... calculation and simulation 91 Design of a Very Small Antenna for Metal-Proximity Applications 3.2.6 Q factor The Q factor is important for estimating the antenna bandwidth The radiation Q factor (QR) for ... (3.20) For an Rl value of approximately 0.7 Ω, Rl.shares the dominant part of Rin at H = 0.02 m in Fig 3.14 In these small antennas, most of the input power is dissipated as ohmic resistance, and...
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Advanced Radio Frequency Identification Design and Applications Part 7 pdf
... was extracted for various dimensions of the inner disc (i.e., for various values of rd) and scale factors (i.e., for various values of S) For the various values of rd the dimensions of the OCSRR ... mm and q = 0.43 mm The substrate was defined to have a thickness of 1.36 mm and a permittivity of 4.2 The values of M and N in Fig were 0.4 mm and 3.1 mm, respectively The overall dimensions of ... mm Fig 12 Real part of the input impedance of the MOCSRR antenna for various values of d Fig 13 Imaginary part of the input impedance of the MOCSRR antenna for various values of d 128 Advanced...
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Advanced Radio Frequency Identification Design and Applications Part 9 pot
... development and testing of a chipless RFID tag based on multiresonators The development and successful testing of the chipless RFID tag meets the demand for a fully-printable ultra-low cost tag used for ... resonances when performing amplitude and phase data decoding Given the potential high demand on RFID technology in terms of reading range and applications some open issues and further areas of interest ... energy and converts it to a DC voltage which is suitable for powering the IC, ii) a logic section that interprets any received commands and generates appropriate responses, and iii) a method of transmitting...
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Advanced Radio Frequency Identification Design and Applications Part 10 pdf
... secret information of tags Therefore, in Protocol 3, a portable reader R j stores the information f (r j , ti ) idi of each tag Ti where r j and idi are IDs of a portable reader R j and a tag ... Tag search system In this section, we describe the RFID tag search system and the threat model in RFID systems Before describing the threat model, we describe system configurations and the basic ... Design and Applications which can be used to find RFID-tagged objects is one of the promising applications of RFID technology For example, this system can be used to search for missing children and...
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Advanced Radio Frequency Identification Design and Applications Part 11 docx
... number of tags in the tag floor and ti is the position of i-th tag The result of a recognition process is a set of recognized tags or combination of tags This set must be one of subsets of T Y ... current position and the heading angle The cost of the INS systems was very high and the size was large for the indoor mobile robots, until the advances of the micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) ... and so forth The ultra sonic sensor systems and the LRF sensor systems can not detect obstacles or walls, under some surface conditions Second, the RFID systems can handle numerous unique landmarks...
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Advanced Radio Frequency Identification Design and Applications Part 12 ppt
... detection and identification of buried UXO must be pursued and implemented This chapter presents the results of analytical and experimental efforts that demonstrated the viability of using munition-mounted ... linearly with the area of the coil, with the current, and with the number of turns For a given value of r (one meter) and a given value of area (radius of one-half meter to keep the interrogating module ... diameter of one meter and Litz wire with 270 strands of 38 American wire gauge (AWG) magnet wire The coil design employed 10 turns of Litz wire (N=10) and approximately 16 amps-rms, for a magnetomotive...
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Advanced Radio Frequency Identification Design and Applications Part 13 docx
... repository for tag events The EPCIS is a standard interface for access and persistent storage of tag information Tag data stored in the EPCIS consists of the static attribute data and the timestamped ... to provide an index for the repository of tag data The EPCglobal, being in charge of a standards management and development for RFID related technologies, proposes EPC Information Service (EPCIS) ... permeability of one For this case, equation (8) suggests an average field strength of picoTesla (pT) at the receiver is required for detection If the lower value for the tag output is used and the...
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Advanced Radio Frequency Identification Design and Applications Part 14 ppt
... number of observation queries for LIDi and LIDj at time t and TQij,t as the number of trajectory queries for LIDi and LIDj at time t ⎧ ⎪ ⎪ α =⎨ T ⎪ OQ ij ,t ⎪∑ ⎩t = if no queries are processed or for ... properties of all query types together, we processed both of 5,000 OQs and 5,000 TQs before the proximity is measured Then, 1,000 OQs or TQs are processed for evaluating the performance of each ... of embedding CM into a tree-based tag identification protocols such as k-TAS and BS is significant In Fig.7, CM can improve system performance for k-TAS (i=2) scheme between 8% and 9.9% and for...
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Advanced Radio Frequency Identification Design and Applications Part 15 pdf
... cores of the baseband board, and this kind of system scheme is more and more prevalent and efficient now The DSP chip can be used to realize the tag’s protocol switching, state transferring, and ... as 125MSPS, and some optimize designs are made to adapt to the broadband and the dynamic performance of the high IF carrier system 272 Advanced Radio Frequency Identification Design and Applications ... Compared with the software simulator, the simulator introduced in this chapter is more reliable Compatible with various standards The DSP and FPGA system both have the strong programmable and portable...
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Radio Frequency Identification Fundamentals and Applications, Bringing Research to Practice Part 1 potx
... both deterministic and stochastic MAC protocols for RFID systems proposed in standards, specifications and recent literature Their principles are described and their performance is assessed and ... Nejah, Kachouri Abdennaceur, Andrieux Laurent and Samet Mounir MAC Protocols for RFID Systems 073 Marco Baldi and Ennio Gambi Stochastical Model and Performance Analysis of Frequency Radio Identification ... SHF 10000 Fig Frequency ranges and European licensing regulation for RFID systems Frequency bands widely available for different kind of radio systems (called ISM Industrial-Scientific-Medical)...
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Radio Frequency Identification Fundamentals and Applications, Bringing Research to Practice Part 2 potx
... confines of a whole computer system for RFID identification of gas cylinders The presented method has been also used practically in an innovative and unique design of the RFID system for collection of ... economic and public activity in industry, commerce, science, medicine and others This procedure is the last and most important stage of algorithm of synthesis of RWD and tag antenna set for the ... location For passive RFID systems, EPCglobal Class-1 Gen-2] is considered the de facto standard It includes a set of specifications for the hardware of the passive tag and the hardware and software...
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Radio Frequency Identification Fundamentals and Applications, Bringing Research to Practice Part 3 pdf
... the state of the system for two consecutive cycles, showing tags entering and leaving the system, in both identification and no identification scenarios Therefore, ej is the number of tags which ... results for FSA with slots and Poisson arrivals C=4, and H=3 to H=6 Characterization of the Identification Process in RFID Systems Fig 11 TLR results for FSA with slots and Poisson arrivals C=5, and ... maximum number of tags for H = and C=2 is 12 tags, whereas for H = and C=3 there might be up to 18 tags The main issue of the previous analysis is that it becomes computationally unfeasible for moderate...
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