... from the soil level to the apical meristem, in order to describe the kinetic of leaf production and shoot growth At the end ofthe experiment (350 days), the seedlings were harvested andthe following ... photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) measured over the daytime in the sheltered tunnel and outdoor in full sunlight The use of shelters leads to an alteration ofthe local climate Among the ... under the two other tunnels (i.e 1% and 14% of full sunlight) was in the range of 32 to 36 °C This parameters were extreme compared to the normal air temperature (33 °C) and humidity (55%) for the...
... analysis and designed the scoring strategy MB conceived ofthe study, and participated in its design and coordination All authors contributed to the writing ofthe paper, and read and approved the ... Click42finescreenRab3A1.5 kb identified theof all MCEs setsDNA in the scoringS7 first the Figure the inregionby primerforS3 CRM andthe thethe 2intron shows shows thetheof Rab3A ECR1's terizationNeuro2a ... the control of Rab3A promoter (f, g) The effect of MCE1 and MCE2 is independent ofthe Rab3A promoter The Luciferase construct of MCE1 or MCE2 was generated under the control ofthe SV40 promoter...
... infections andthe isolation of CNS cells MM participated in the preparation of viral stocks and determination of viral titers IM helped to conceive the study, contributed to the experimental design, and ... >95% and >97% authentic microglia and astrocytes, respectively, as assessed by their characteristic morphology and by expression ofthe microglial/macrophage markers CD11b and F4/80 or the astrocyte ... prepared and analyzed for the presence of DAI, STING, RIP3, and viral gG1 by immunoblot analysis In vitro stimulation of microglia and astrocytes with the DAI ligand, B-DNA Poly(dA:dT) double-stranded...
... Parameter Brand specific constants α: (Brand 1) (Brand 2) (Brand 3) (Brand 4) (Brand 5) (Brand 6) Standard deviation of brand intercepts s a : (Brand 1) (Brand 2) (Brand 3) (Brand 4) (Brand 5) (Brand ... endogeneity The impact of advertising on consumer price sensitivity Table Summary statistics Brand name Toothpaste Brand Brand Brand Brand Toothbrush Brand Brand Brand Brand Ketchup Brand (Heinz) Brand ... cell ofthe Table reports the probability that a particular type ofconsumer buys the indicated brand on a particular purchase occasion, given the price ofthe brand is in the indicated range The...
... understanding of how online consumers react to Web site designs (Song and Zahedi 2005) To a large extent, the promise of online shopping dependents on the design of Web interfaces andthe way consumers ... preference andthe features ofthe shopping environment (West et al 1999) One revolutionary power ofthe online environment is that the display of information is very malleable, and under the control of ... ignoring the role of quality might reduce the value of theories in explaining consumer choice behaviours The effects of different design of product list on consumer decision making and choice...
... Settlements (the “Promisel Report”), the Bank of England, the Group of Thirty, theOf ce ofthe U.S Comptroller ofthe Currency, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, and, most recently, the U.S ... deterioration in the income advantages they once enjoyed on the asset side of their balance sheets The growth ofthe commercial paper and junk bond markets andthe increased securitization of assets ... fast-growing area of their off-balance-sheet activities Finally, we examine the implications ofthe changing nature of banking for financial fragility andregulatory policy THE DECLINE OF TRADITIONAL...
... endorsement ofthe divine and hereditary right of English kings to rule, his promotion of accumulated wealth in the hands ofthe few, and above all his disdain for common people and for the idea of government ... about the text, theorists insist that the warp and woof of constitutional law is still traceable to the written document and must be, given that the document and only the document counts as the ... historical understandings ofthe practices that constitutional rights prohibited, on the one hand, and historical understandings ofthe practices that rights did not proscribe, on the other, and contends...
... of May The specifics of their strategies andthe relative size of their trading activities dictated the extent to which this had an impact on the rest ofthe market We note that even within the ... either side ofthe midquote ofthe then-current national best bid and national best offer (“NBBO”) This is equivalent to plus or minus 50 points on each side ofthe S&P 500 Index.17 As shown, the ... during the decline in prices ofthe EMini and SPY, the E-Mini was relatively cheaper than either SPY or baskets of individual securities These same firms reported that they therefore purchased the...
... including the gene encoding arginase II (ArgII) ArgII is the extrahepatic isoform ofthe arginase type enzymes, and ArgI is the hepatic-specific counterpart [16] The two isoforms possess the same ... l-ornithine and urea, a critical step in the polyamine biosynthesis pathway Subcellular localization ofthe two isoforms differs, with ArgI located in the cytoplasm and ArgII in the mitochondria ... response to virus infection As the two isoforms of arginase, I (hepatic isoform) and II (extrahepatic isoform), may contribute to the arginase activity measured in the previous experiment, ArgII...
... consist ofthe sum of a basal activity (produced by the promoter and minimized intron), the effects ofthe respective upstream (X) and intron (Y) modules, andthe interaction (X,Y) between these ... intron of GS The nucleotide sequences ofthe upstream region andofthe rst 1938 nucleotides ofthe rst intron ofthe rat GS gene were reported [5,6] This intron sequence ends at the EcoRI restriction ... the degree of activation ofthe GS promoter and that these interactions differ quantitatively between cells from hepatic and muscular origin Materials and methods Sequence ofthe rst intron of...
... change was calculated by the ratio ofthe intensity between the O-glycosylated Sp1 andthe whole Sp1 signals The ratio in the absence of both glutamine and azaserine was set as The same results were ... slightly increased, but then the mRNA levels of both SREBPs and their target genes became significantly elevated at and 12 h (Fig 4) Based on the fact that the increase in the mRNA of these genes was ... results imply the involvement ofthe O-glycosylation of Sp1 in the induction of SREBP-1a transcription by glutamine The gene expression of SREBP-1c, which represented less than 20% ofthe SREBP-1a...
... (B) Then, the samples were UV-irradiated for 10 at °C The protein was cleaved by CNBr and further processed as described in the legend for Fig The asterisks mark the position ofthe 6.2 kDa band ... molecule (Fig 6A) The roof ofthe cavity is mainly formed by the C-terminal a4-helix The access of cholesterol to this cavity may be enabled by conformational changes ofthe a4-helix andthe adjacent ... modification The expression levels of STARD1-START and STARD3-START were similar Cholesterol binding ofthe START proteins In order to verify the cholesterol binding ofthe START proteins, we used the...
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... Combination therapy with cellular infusion The idea of cellular therapy has also been examined The major challenge in this case is the very low abundance of Treg cells The possibility of expanding and/ or ... contexts of homeostasis and inflammation Therefore, the waning of Treg cells, and ensuing breakdown in the self tolerance, could depend on the in situ IL-2 environment These data all together suggest ... cells found in the blood, whether it be in their repertoire, function and state of activation, may not accurately reflect the status and behavior of their counterparts localized in the target organ...
... early studies of our group and others, the transcriptional regulatory sequences ofthe H19 and IGF2 genes emerged as candidates for cancer targeted therapy H19 and IGF2 (the human P3 and P4 promoters) ... applicability of this assumption, the first stage was to explore the expression level of each ofthe mentioned regulatory sequences and then compare it to the combined expression level (from the two regulatory ... cycles of 94°C for 30 sec, 59°C for 45 sec and 72°C for 60 sec, and finally 72°C for The PCR reactions were carried out in 25 μl volumes in the presence of ng/μl of each ofthe forward andthe reverse...
... the alignment of orthologous sequences; then, automated computer programs were developed to assist the process In this issue of Journal of Biology, Lenhard, Sandelin and colleagues describe their ... the scientific community Users of ConSite can either provide an existing alignment of two orthologous sequences or input just the sequences alone andthe program will generate the alignment The ... positions in the two aligned sequences, are selected and reported in the output The remainder ofthe sites, which are not conserved between the two species, are considered to be false positives and are...
... (2001), cthe ratio ofthe real to the original basal area ofthe stand which is given in the yield tables for yield class and age (Assmann 1970) a B A C/control plot Plot/intensity of cut Table ... focused on the admixed species, dying and damaged trees and trees of very low quality The main characteristics of research plots, cutting intensity and response of stand parameters after the cutting ... cut Table Characteristics of research plots C, L, M, H, CC (A), andofthe parent stand on research plots after cutting in February 1989 and at the time of inventory of regeneration, September...
... through the inhibition of APCs or pathogenic T cells, by maintenance ofthe TR cell population and/ or by enhancement of their function (reviewed in [54]) Elucidation ofthe mechanism of TR cell ... The overt immunological similarities seen with genetic defects of Foxp3 andthe experimental depletion of CD25+CD4+ TR cells led several groups to investigate the potential role of Foxp3 in the ... in this field and was indeed one ofthe major stumbling blocks to their original exposition Early clues hinting at the identity ofregulatory cells emerged from experimental models of autoimmune...
... coengagement of CD3 andthe complement regulator CD46 in the presence of IL-2 These conditions resulted in IL-10producing cells capable of inhibiting the activation of bystander T cells Unlike the Tr1 ... activated, and will recruit other T cells and other inflammatory cells and mediators to the site As the response becomes mature, a group ofregulatory T cells will develop locally as a result ofthe ... inducing the local induction of Th3 or Tr1 cells [74], extends this paradigm The fate ofthe TR cells induced at the site is not known — whether these cells exist only transiently then die, whether they...
... infections [30] The fact that some regulatory T cells produce predominantly TGF-β and others IL-10 is not fortuitous The combination of TGF-β and IL-10 is more immunosuppressive than either ofthe cytokines ... then become mature effector cells IL-10 appears as a feedback regulator later in the response and induces the re-expression of TGF-βRII The synergistic inhibitory effects of TGF-β and IL-10 then ... activation These include the antigen concentration and route of administration, the cytokine milieu, andthe pattern of costimulatory signals Self-MHC-reactive T cells in humans can either provide...