... during the study period Figure barometric pressure during in study period Graph showing the variationthethe monthly average morning Graph showing thevariationinthe monthly average morning ... et al, in their study, have evaluated the link between the timing of conception with risk of preeclampsia [13] They found the highest risk of preeclampsia in conceptions occurring inthe summer ... whereas there was no significant variationinthe incidence of preeclampsia based on the timing of delivery In our study, we intend to establish if any such association exists inthe distinct climate...
... Oxidation of thymine in thymidine and its nucleotides The kinetics of oxidation of thymine by KMnO4 [34] in thymidine, TMP, TTP and TpT was studied as a function of [MgCl2] inthe range 0100 mm inthe ... intramolecular stacking of thymine residues brings the two C(5)ẳC(6) bonds in close proximity, thereby increasing the probability of their attack by MnO4 and decreasing the effect ofthe negative phosphate ... the kinetics of nucleotide oxidation does not affect the intrinsic rate ofthe reaction and is due solely to the screening ofthe negative charge on the phosphate group, thereby diminishing the...
... (97.6% ofthe total) are on the upper left ofthe line y = x, indicating that GC3 contributed more to synonymous codon usage bias than did GC1 in most ofthe genomes analyzed Inthe scatter plot of ... scatter plot ofthe r values of HGC3 (y-axis) plotted against those of HGC2 (x-axis) (Figure 3(b)), 367 points (98.9% ofthe total) are on the upper left ofthe line y = x, indicating that GC3 contributed ... acids inthe protein, we calculated the sum ofthe relative entropy of each amino acid weighted by its relative frequency inthe protein The measure of synonymous codon usage bias, designated as the...
... developed into seedlings Of these seedlings, 630 individuals grew into saplings and finally only individuals developed into mature trees These results may be, at least partially, connected with the inbreeding ... some trees are left after harvest to regenerate the stand, diversity of their offspring may be affected In other words, if only a few trees are left to serve as seed parents, then inbreeding and ... [15], despite the fact that pines generally show high levels of isozyme variationIn contrast to Pinus torreyana, red pine (P resinosa) is widely distributed throughout much ofthe northeastern United...
... angle of 136° The width ofthe wedge was greater than thatofthe sample The depth of penetration was I mm This was sufficient for deducing the slope ofthe load-area curve which was defined as the ... DISCUSSION The occurrence ofthe height gradient inthe tree is usually explained by the influence of root growth on wood properties ofthe butt log, the increase in physiological age ofthe apical ... Loblolly pine Inthe inner rings ofthe same species, Megraw [13] measured an increase of 15 % in basic density when the height inthe tree decreased from to 0.3 m However, these within-tree patterns...
... contrasts with thevariationof roburins A and C Roburin A increases in concentration during the first 10 years of ageing and roburin C over the first 30 years, before each declines again in older ... trees DISCUSSION The increase inthe concentrations of roburins A, C and possibly other dimers during the first 10-30 years of ageing are due to their synthesis from other tannins (Viriot et al, ... forests, the fact that most ofthe points lie approximately along a gradient of one indicates that there were similar concentrations in each ofthe staves from the same tree The lower variation...
... variables in each ofthe [site x year] combinations ofthe study, for each stage and each provenance The coefficients ofvariation (CV), ie the ratio ofthe mean to the standard deviation of these ... effect in 1989 indicated a difference inthe timing of susceptibility between the provenances This was mainly due to the earlier receptivity ofthe Moroccan provenance compared with the other provenances ... most interesting from an epidemiological point of view as the B2 stage corresponds to the beginning of pine susceptibility to twisting rust (Desprez-Loustau, 1990) The lower adequacy of HS in predicting...
... thatthe position ofthe resin canals was fixed marginally in all the parental species as well as in their artificial hybrids examined Panetsos (1975), studying the position of resin canals in ... reported thatthe position ofthe resin canals is marginal in seedlings of A balsamea, A lasiocarpa, and A fraseri inthe USA, whereas inthe needles ofthe adult and mature trees ofthe same ... After a review ofthe terminology used to describe the position ofthe resin canals inthe Abietineae, Ferré (1941) proposed the distinction of types according to their exact location in respect...
... using recombinant MMPs (Figure 4a) When testing the activity using SF of patients with RA, we found that while thepercentageof inhibition ofthe NPA inthe presence of inhibitor III rarely exceeded ... proteases [13] Inthe present work, using a flow-cytometric-based assay that directly measures the NPA of MMPs in SF, we provide new insights into theoverall contribution of these enzymes to the proteolytic ... explain at least in part the current observation that MMP inhibitors failed in clinical trials It is probable, however, that other factors may explain the failure of MMP inhibitors in clinical...
... low insulin-mediated growth in utero and insulin resistance in adulthood [6] It has been proposed that infant length or weight measured up to the age of two increasingly reflects the influence of ... the influence ofthe infant's own genes on the growth trajectory since the influence ofthe maternal intra-uterine environment is no longer present [7,8] Since reduced weight in infancy is also ... and the insulin gene: principles of mapping polygenes Annu Rev Genet 1996, 30:343-370 Le Stunff C, Fallin D, Schork NJ, Bougneres P: The insulin gene VNTR is associated with fasting insulin levels...
... allowing the distinction of 22 haplotypes belonging to the three Mediterranean cpDNA lineages known as E1, E2 and E3 The discriminating power of cpDNA variation was particularly low for the cultivated ... recently investigated using different molecular techniques, including looking at organelle variation [10-15] These previous studies allowed the detection of seven main cpDNA lineages inthe O europaea ... are polymorphic in both clades Cp-I and Cp-II, suggesting that these sites could be under selective pressures, either maintaining polymorphism or contributing to the recurrent appearance of the...
... are based on hides collected from the 28 herds inthe main group before the start ofthe lice eradication programme The herds The selection criteria, the prevalence of lice inthe herds and the ... Four ofthe herds had clinical signs of tail mange (Chorioptes bovis (Herning 1845)), and the diagnosis was confirmed in laboratory examination Two ofthe herds were inthe distribution area of ... loss of 1-3 mm in diameter and light flecks as spots of less than mm in diameter seen on dyed crust bovine leather These investigators found a significant connection between the occurrence of the...
... (Figure 3) The software then calculated the area of stain within the region of interest based on previously determined stain specific colour plane settings The amount of positive stain area was then ... justifying the number of animals to be used in a given study Funding agencies are increasingly interested in ensuring that studies are appropriately powered to detect the primary outcome of interest ... methods of quantifying airway remodeling throughout the tracheobronchial tree in animal models of allergic airway disease It is our hypothesis that quantifying the extent of several indices of...
... values The Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentageof cases against the cumulative percentageof days during the study period The Gini index (G) is defined as twice the area between the Lorenz ... the term periodic regression, ofthe use of sinusoids inthe analysis ofthe biological cycles The simplest sine curve is a generalization of Roger’s method ofthe form Y = α + β1 cosθ + γ sin ... Uncertain Seasonal data are usually presented and analysed inthe form of a series of 12 monthly totals, these being the numbers of persons presented with the disease of interest in a given month of...
... into real authority the nominal overlordship ofthe coast that they had claimed since leading opposition to the Portuguese there in 1698 They took control of Kilwa in 1785, established more effective ... grants of land, which their firearms conquered from Oromo and other southern peoples during a decade of warfare that culminated in 1897 when the King of Kaffa was led captive to Addis Ababa in golden ... have inaugurated population growth in Tunisia, but otherwise the decades before the French occupation in 1881 were among the worst inthe country’s history During the 1830s, the French invasion of...
... goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, the World Summit on the Information Society and the efforts oftheregional commissions to mainstream theregional dimension intheoverall work of ... addresses the challenges of financing for development, globalization and market access inthe export sectors of interest to them The meetings also underlined that success in achieving the objectives of ... strengthening of accountability and transparency in order to ensure the coherence and cost- effectiveness ofthe activities ofthe Commission; a major restructuring ofthe programme of work, guided by the...
... hours following lesioning [26] or ischemia [27,28 ]in vivo Since there were no established foci of inflammation inthe tissue prior to sectioning in our explant model, the influence ofthe miniscule ... of leukocytes inthe vasculature would contribute only marginally and is limited to the residual cells inthe vasculature at the time of sectioning Therefore, the extent ofthe measured pro-inflammatory ... participated inthe design and assisted with the preparation ofthe manuscript All authors have read and approved the final version ofthe manuscript Competing interests The authors declare that they...
... pine stems using several wood destroying fungi including C puteana, and concluded thatthe mass loss inthe periphery part ofthe heartwood was lower than thatinthe centre ofthe heartwood The ... but the 416 M Venäläinen et al proportion of unexplained variation remained high Furthermore, no independent variable explained the mass loss inthe sapwood variation Together this indicates that ... heartwood The other marked difference between the outer and the inner heartwood found inthe present study was inthe concentration of pinosylvin (PS) and pinosylvin monomethyl ether (PSM) This...
... design, defined the clinical criteria ofthe studied groups and helped wrote the manuscript All authors read and approved the final manuscript Competing interests The authors declare that they have ... Reference Scarel-Caminaga et al Journal of Negative Results in BioMedicine 2011, 10:14 http://www.jnrbm.com/content/10/1/14 whether this event would influence the ligand/binding interaction ofthe chemokine ... silver staining The chi-squared test was used to determine whether the groups were composed of patients with the same proportion of males and females and whether they had similar smoking habits...