rahman m s 1992 osmotic dehydration kinetics of foods indian food industry 11 5 20 24
The Expedition to Borneo of H.M.S. Dido For the Suppression of Piracy pptx
... intervals to Sarawak as articles of food CHAPTER I 35 "Our visitor was extremely polite, and, in common with other Asiatics, possessed the most pleasing and easy manners He assured us of a welcome ... other sat his brother Mahammed, and Macota and some others of his principal chiefs, while immediately behind him his twelve younger brothers were seated "The dress of Muda Hassim was simple, but of ... privileges as a man -of- war, and enables her to carry a white ensign She sails fast, is conveniently fitted up, is armed with six six-pounders, a number of swivels, and small arms of all sorts, carries...
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Minimum Wages and Employment: A Case Study of the Fast-Food Industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania pot
... h~egression model is estimated by weighted least squares, using employment in wave as a weight i Subsample of 51 stores in towns around Newark Subsample of 54 stores in town around Camden Subsample ... closed stores is set to (rather than missing) b~ull-time quivalent employment excludes managers and assistant managers e CFull-time equivalent employment equals number of managers, assistant managers, ... very similar By wave virtually all ' w e discuss the sensitivity of our results to alternative assumptions on the measurement of employment in Section 111 -C ' ~ h e s e programs offer current employees...
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Marker et al. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 2010, 5:20 ppt
... procedures Statistical Analysis All data was collected using a Microsoft Access Database (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington) Data was exported to SPSS version 13.0 software (SPSS Incorporated, ... 2) Multivariate regression analysis was used to assess the correlation of various factors with the level of commitment; 3) A Mann-Whitney Rank Sum test was used to compare the outcome scores between ... commitment scores and any of the outcome measures A multivariate regression model was used to assess the influence of other factors including age, body mass index, medical comorbidities, diagnoses, and...
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Scientific, Health and Social Aspects of the Food Industry Part 5 doc
... Crystals Program: 200 2/SBIR, Award ID :57 257 , In: SBIR/STTR Small Business Innovation Research Small Business Technology Transfer, 05 August 2 011, Available from: ... range of magnifications is possible, from about 10 times to more than 50 0,000 times The SEM model SSX -55 0 was used; revealing details less than 3 .5 nm, in size from 20 to 300,000 magnifications and ... too It is made up of sensor arrays to signal condition of the foodstuffs The device consists of an array of nanosensors extremely sensitive to gases released by spoiling microorganisms, producing...
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kinetics of materials r balluff s allen w carter wiley 2005 potx
... Heterophase Interfaces Grain Boundaries 55 5 55 6 55 7 55 8 55 8 56 0 56 1 56 3 56 3 56 5 56 5 56 7 57 0 57 1 57 1 57 2 57 4 57 5 57 5 57 8 57 9 58 0 58 1 58 7 58 7 58 7 58 8 58 8 58 8 58 8 58 8 59 1 59 1 59 2 59 3 59 5 59 6 CONTENTS B.6 ... Solidification 22.3 Structure of Castings and Ingots Bibliography Exercises 23 Precipitation xiii 50 1 50 2 50 2 50 4 50 8 51 0 51 2 51 2 51 4 51 5 51 6 51 8 51 8 51 9 52 4 52 6 53 3 53 3 53 4 53 7 53 8 54 0 54 0 54 3 ... Interface 24. 4 Nucleation of Martensite 24 .5 Examples of Martensitic Transformations 24 .5. 1 In-T1 System 24 .5. 2 Fe-Ni System 24 .5. 3 Fe-Ni-C System Bibliography Exercises Appendix A: Densities, Fractions,...
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Kinetics of Materials - R. Balluff S. Allen W. Carter (Wiley 2005) WW Part 1 pot
... Heterophase Interfaces Grain Boundaries 55 5 55 6 55 7 55 8 55 8 56 0 56 1 56 3 56 3 56 5 56 5 56 7 57 0 57 1 57 1 57 2 57 4 57 5 57 5 57 8 57 9 58 0 58 1 58 7 58 7 58 7 58 8 58 8 58 8 58 8 58 8 59 1 59 1 59 2 59 3 59 5 59 6 CONTENTS B.6 ... Solidification 22.3 Structure of Castings and Ingots Bibliography Exercises 23 Precipitation xiii 50 1 50 2 50 2 50 4 50 8 51 0 51 2 51 2 51 4 51 5 51 6 51 8 51 8 51 9 52 4 52 6 53 3 53 3 53 4 53 7 53 8 54 0 54 0 54 3 ... Interface 24. 4 Nucleation of Martensite 24 .5 Examples of Martensitic Transformations 24 .5. 1 In-T1 System 24 .5. 2 Fe-Ni System 24 .5. 3 Fe-Ni-C System Bibliography Exercises Appendix A: Densities, Fractions,...
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Kinetics of Materials - R. Balluff S. Allen W. Carter (Wiley 2005) WW Part 2 ppt
... from statements of the first and second laws of thermodynamics Onsager s principle supplements these postulates and follows from the statistical theory of reversible fluctuations [5] Onsager s principle ... gradients of an isotope of that material In this section we discuss self-diffusion of an isotopic species in a chemically homogeneous binary solution consisting of atoms of types and in the presence ... gains net mass and expands This process, which establishes a mass flow in the system, is known as the Kirkendall efSect after E Kirkendall, who along with A Smigelskas first observed it in crystalline...
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Kinetics of Materials - R. Balluff S. Allen W. Carter (Wiley 2005) WW Part 3 potx
... effects of stress in isolation, we can study the main aspects of diffusion in stressed systems 3 .5. 1 Effect of Stress on Mobilities Consider again the diffusion of small interstitial atoms among ... body itself has special symmetry (e.g., if it is crystalline) Neumann s principle states: The symmetry elements of any physical property of a material must include the symmetry elements of the ... nonuniform and stress gradients exist, the stress will exert a force, as discussed in the following section 17The tensor nature of the diffusivity (mobility) in anisotropic materials is discussed in Section...
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Kinetics of Materials - R. Balluff S. Allen W. Carter (Wiley 2005) WW Part 4 ppt
... ) - (5. 54) (5. 55) The Laplace transform of a spatial derivative of f is seen from Eq 5. 52 to be equal to the spatial derivative of f;that is, (5. 56) The method can be demonstrated by considering ... more independent composition variables Analysis of such diffusion is complex because multiple cross terms and particleparticle chemical interaction terms appear The cross terms result in N independent ... diffusion results in linear systems of diffusion equations A linear transformation of the concentrations produces a simplified system of uncoupled linear diffusion equations for which general solutions...
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Kinetics of Materials - R. Balluff S. Allen W. Carter (Wiley 2005) WW Part 6 ppt
... atoms in metals J Nucl Mats., 69-70( 1-2):4 65- 489, 1978 P Shewmon Diffusion in Solids The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, Warrendale, PA, 1989 G Neumann Diffusion mechanisms in metals ... Beshers Diffusion of interstitial impurities In Diffusion, pages 209 -240 , Metals Park, OH, 1973 American Society for Metals 11 L.A Girifalco Statistical Physics of Materials John Wiley & Sons, New ... is used t o model the mechanical response of anelastic materials Scalar forces in the spring and dashpot model become analogs for a more complex stress tensor in materials To enforce this analogy,...
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Kinetics of Materials - R. Balluff S. Allen W. Carter (Wiley 2005) WW Part 7 pot
... atoms in glassy Pd80Si20 For this system, a simplified model that retains the essential physics of a thermally activated diffusion process in disordered systems is used to interpret experimental ... experimental measurements [20- 221 10.2: DIFFUSION IN AMORPHOUS METALS 2 35 Because many different types of interstitial sites exist in the disordered glassy structure, the energy of the system varies as ... structure consists of parallel rows of closely spaced atoms, separated by somewhat larger inter-row distances, diffusion is usually easier parallel to the dense rows than across them In some cases, it...
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Kinetics of Materials - R. Balluff S. Allen W. Carter (Wiley 2005) WW Part 9 ppt
... specimen shape Numerous experimental observations of the glissile motion of small-angle boundaries have been made [2] Most general small-angle boundaries possess more than one family of dislocations ... approximate nature of the model makes some discrepancies unsurprising In Fig 13.9, the discontinuous increases in boundary mobility as the temperature is increased are presumably caused by successive ... effect is similar in many respects to the buildup of solute-atom atmospheres at dislocations (discussed in Section 3 .5. 2) For the interface to move, it must either drag the solute atmosphere along...
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Kinetics of Materials - R. Balluff S. Allen W. Carter (Wiley 2005) WW Part 10 ppt
... faces The shape that the crystal assumes depends upon the number and rate at which ledges move across its surfaces When one of the surfaces consists of a series of straight parallel ledges of ... Use the same small-slope approximations as in Section 14.1.1 EXERCISES 355 Assume that self-diffusion occurs by a vacancy mechanism and take Eq 13.3 as the volume diffusion equation Assume that ... Herring Some theorems on the free energies of crystal surfaces Phys Rev., 82 ( 1):87-93, 1 951 J .M Dynys Sintering Mechanisms and Surface Diffusion for Aluminum Oxide PhD thesis, Department of Materials...
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Kinetics of Materials - R. Balluff S. Allen W. Carter (Wiley 2005) WW Part 11 pptx
... SlNTERlNG Mass Transport Mechanisms for Sintering Table 16.1: Mechanism Source Sink Transport Mechanism Densifying or Nondensifying SS.XL Surface Surface Crystal diffusion Nondensifying Atoms ... occur by any mass transport mechanism However, processes that permit shrinkage by pore removal must transport mass from the interior of the particles to the pore surfaces-these mechanisms include ... entire material system Gibbs s classification serves as the fundamental basis for division of phase transformation processes into two broad categories: continuous phase transformations and discontinuous...
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Kinetics of Materials - R. Balluff S. Allen W. Carter (Wiley 2005) WW Part 13 doc
... functions of the nucleus shape, and to find the nucleus of minimum energy, it is necessary to find the shape that minimizes the sum of these energies As mentioned above, in the simple case where ... also decreases as the dimensionality decreases Thus, the kinetic equations for nucleation theory must be used t o predict which mechanism will dominate To accomplish this, some assumptions about ... spherical and possesses the interfacial energy y Assume the classical model for the nucleus EXERCISES 491 Solution (a) The WulfF plot in Fig 19.21 possesses two deep cusps necessary t o produce...
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Kinetics of Materials - R. Balluff S. Allen W. Carter (Wiley 2005) WW Part 17 ppt
... interdiffusivities at unstable comDositions 433-4 35 numerical simulation using phase-field method, 441 uphill diffusion, 4 35 Stefancondition, 50 3 -50 5, 50 7, 50 9, 51 3, 51 5, 52 4 Stirling, 157 Stokes 's law, ... Guinier-Preston zones, 56 0 in A1-Cu system, 56 0 in Cu-Co system, 55 8 interface coherency, 55 7 nucleus energy, 55 6 nucleus morphology, 55 6 precipitate reversion, 56 1 prismatic dislocation punching, 55 8 solvus ... statistics, 53 5, 54 2 polarization, 24 polymer chains diffusion of, 243 polymers, 241 diffusion in, 239, 2 45 structure of linear, 241 theta solvents, 242 precipitation general features of, 55 5 Guinier-Preston...
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Kinetics of Materials - R. Balluff_ S. Allen_ W. Carter (Wiley_ 2005) Episode 1 ppt
... Heterophase Interfaces Grain Boundaries 55 5 55 6 55 7 55 8 55 8 56 0 56 1 56 3 56 3 56 5 56 5 56 7 57 0 57 1 57 1 57 2 57 4 57 5 57 5 57 8 57 9 58 0 58 1 58 7 58 7 58 7 58 8 58 8 58 8 58 8 58 8 59 1 59 1 59 2 59 3 59 5 59 6 CONTENTS B.6 ... Solidification 22.3 Structure of Castings and Ingots Bibliography Exercises 23 Precipitation xiii 50 1 50 2 50 2 50 4 50 8 51 0 51 2 51 2 51 4 51 5 51 6 51 8 51 8 51 9 52 4 52 6 53 3 53 3 53 4 53 7 53 8 54 0 54 0 54 3 ... Interface 24. 4 Nucleation of Martensite 24 .5 Examples of Martensitic Transformations 24 .5. 1 In-T1 System 24 .5. 2 Fe-Ni System 24 .5. 3 Fe-Ni-C System Bibliography Exercises Appendix A: Densities, Fractions,...
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Kinetics of Materials - R. Balluff_ S. Allen_ W. Carter (Wiley_ 2005) Episode 2 potx
... effects of stress in isolation, we can study the main aspects of diffusion in stressed systems 3 .5. 1 Effect of Stress on Mobilities Consider again the diffusion of small interstitial atoms among ... from statements of the first and second laws of thermodynamics Onsager s principle supplements these postulates and follows from the statistical theory of reversible fluctuations [5] Onsager s principle ... terms of the self-diffusivity using the atomistic models for diffusion described in Chapters and The resulting formulation allows for simple kinetic models of processes such as dislocation climb,...
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Kinetics of Materials - R. Balluff_ S. Allen_ W. Carter (Wiley_ 2005) Episode 3 doc
... tion has theorems of uniqueness and existence as well as theorems for its maximum and minimum values Many texts, such as Crank s treatise on diffusion [2], contain solutions in terms of simple ... body itself has special symmetry (e.g., if it is crystalline) Neumann s principle states: The symmetry elements of any physical property of a material must include the symmetry elements of the ... Physical Properties of Crystals Oxford University Press, Oxford, 19 85 L.C.C Da Silva and R.F hlehl Interface and marker movements in diffusion in solid solutions of metals Trans AIME, 191(2): 155 -173,...
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Kinetics of Materials - R. Balluff_ S. Allen_ W. Carter (Wiley_ 2005) Episode 4 doc
... ~q.2 as t'he jumping particle occupies positions throughout the syste sites of local minimum energy Because it is impossible t o make such a plot in three dimensions, the many displacements of particles ... considering, as an example t,he diffusion of interstitial a t o m among the interstices of large substitutional host atoms as described in Section 3.1.4 In this case, a jumping interstitial atom must squeeze ... parameters (7 .52 ) Equation 7 .52 is of central importance for atomistic models for the macroscopic diffusivity in three dimensions (see Chapter 8) For isotropic diffusion in a system of dimensionality,...
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