... first information on the subcellularlocalizationof the PilMNOWQ and PilA4 competence proteins and on the effect of mutations in distinct competence proteins on the subcellularlocalizationof ... amounts in the inner and outer membranes The presence of PilQ in inner membranes is interesting, because secretin-like proteins of type IV pili and type II protein translocation machineries are ... antisera against PilM, PilN, PilO, and PilQ, Fig Organizationof pilMNOWQ and generation ofgene fragments fused to the gene for maltose-binding protein (malE) The arrows indicate the directions of transcription...
... http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2229/7/28 protein interactions in vivo and as fusion partners in studies of the subcellularlocalizationof proteins [3,4] eqFP611 from the sea anemone Entacmaea quadricolor as a marker insubcellular ... pIVD144-eqFP611-IVD145-smGFP4-pBI121 Figure of eqFP611 and smGFP4 fusion proteins in N benthamiana after leaf infiltration ExpressionExpressionof eqFP611 and smGFP4 fusion proteins in N benthamiana after leaf infiltration ... course of this work are convenient tools for the investigation of the subcellularlocalizationof proteins in plant cells The constructs encoding IFP fusions proteins with mitochondrial and peroxisomal...
... region and a target binding region The target binding region involves amino acids from both the N- and C-termini of the protein 14-3-3 proteins function by binding to phospho-serine or threonine in ... localizationof RGK proteins by CaM 63 3.5 Modulation oflocalizationof RGK proteins by 14-3-3 in the absence of CaM binding 65 Chapter 4: Roles of 14-3-3 and CaM in cell shape remodeling and down ... binding sites in RGK proteins 49 3.2 Characterization of 14-3-3 binding to RGK proteins 51 3.3 14-3-3 regulates the subcellular distribution of RGK proteins 57 3.4 Modulation ofsubcellular localization...
... using an anti-CREB Ig and equal protein loading is shown by probing the same blot with GAPDH Ig mediated through various protein kinase and monomeric GTP-binding protein signaling pathways including ... treatment of the cells with either toxin A, a general inhibitor of Rho proteins, or Y-27632, a specific inhibitor of RhoA-associated kinase, nearly abrogated Cyr61/CCN1 geneexpression induced by S1P indicating ... binding affinity Additionally, the relative decrease of CTGF/ CCN2 protein levels appeared to be slower than that of Cyr61/CCN1 protein indicating a potential increase of the CTGF/CCN1 protein...
... level of BACE protein, andin consequence, to reduce the amount of Ab peptide released in neuronal cells We asked the question whether we can inhibit expressionof the geneof BACE protein using ... and Rz-2 encoding plasmids and 36 h postincubation the protein fraction was isolated from the cells and subjected to Western blotting analysis The extent ofproteinexpression is much lower in ... this expression system is of interest for endogenous generation of siRNA and activation of the RNAi effect in human cells [45] Studies on an inhibition of BACE geneexpression by endogenously generated...
... of future interest, as mutation of the Ets binding motif (m4) results in both a loss ofprotein binding and the TSA superinduction of Timp-1 Eleven NAD-independent HDACs have been described in ... subset of genes, and many of these are also repressed by treatment with TSA [27] There are also many individual instances of HDAC inhibitors acting as repressors ofgene expression, e.g TSA and ... HDAC inhibitors and Timp-1 expression assessed Figure shows that addition of the protein synthesis inhibitor, emetine, completely abrogates both PMA- and TGF-b1-induction of the Timp-1 gene In...
... also in an internalized compartment after binding of uPA and its inhibitor PAI-1 Western blot was used to analyze total uPAR proteinof both intracellular and extracellular compartments The triple ... The corresponding level of uPAR proteinexpression was also determined 24 h after the third transfection The Dz720 transfection resulted in decreases of 72% and 57% in uPAR protein after treatment ... Effect of DNAzymes on uPAR protein reduction in Saos-2 cells To determine whether this decrease in uPAR mRNA was concomitant with a decrease in its protein, uPAR protein was analysed using western...
... targeting DNA recombination events, resulting in reporter geneexpression or gene inactivation, in studies of dopamine neuron biology and presynaptic alterations in physiopathologic disorders involving ... cAMP-response-element-binding (CREB) gene [32] In combination with the D1Cre line, which allows targeting of recombination in dopaminoceptive 3574 neurons expressing dopamine 1a receptor [33,34], the BAC-DATiCre line ... involving dopaminergic systems Combined with mice expressing cre-dependent fluorescent protein, it will facilitate the localizationand the study of dopamine cells in living tissues Combined with...
... expression, one of the remaining sources of error in Figures 7d and 7e may be experimental variability in intensity (from fixing and dying procedures, as well as variability in microscope scanning), estimated ... (confocal scanning), and the molecular noise ofexpression machinery Figure 2: Embryos of the same time class and the same length have different expression patterns Eve stripes differ in spacing and overall ... procedure ofexpression surface stretching Figure summarizes the three steps of image processing which follow the scaling: stripe straightening, stripe registration, andexpression surface stretching...
... identified intact core protein (43 kDa) and a number of fragments (39, 32, 28 and 26 kDa) in all of the specimens There was an increase in staining intensity for all biglycan core protein species in ... Kresse H: Decorin-type I collagen interaction Presence of separate core protein- binding domains J Biol Chem 1995, 270:8877-8883 Hedbom E, Heinegard D: Binding of fibromodulin and decorin to separate ... cartilage undergoing OA degeneration or are more generalized within arthritic joints An understanding of the changes that occur with the onset and progression of cartilage degeneration in R853 OA may...
... acts as a cyclindependent kinase inbibitor, inbibiting the binding of the CDK4 protein to cylclin D1 and thus preventing phosphorylation of the Rb proteinand arresting the cell cycle in the G1phase ... phosphorylation of pRb andexpressionof cyclin D1 in T98G, U87-MG and SW1783 glioma cell lines transfected with CDKN2A (A) However, knockdown of CDKN2A increased the phosphorylation of pRb and cyclin D1 in ... regulatory proteins Overexpression of CDKN2A had same effects on the CDKN2A-Cyclin-Rb pathway proteins in various cell lines (Figure 4) After overexpression of CDKN2A in glioblastoma cell lines T98G,...
... can be used to induce expressionof the endogenous γ-globin gene Since increased expressionof the γ-globin gene has already shown its clinical benefit in the treatment of β-globin disorders such ... effectively induce expressionof the endogenous γ-globin genes by competing with the Oct-1 consensus sequences of the endogenous γ-globin gene for the Oct-1 binding, resulting in activation of the ... demonstrated increases in transcription of the γglobin genes in the Oct-1 decoy oligonucleotide-treated K562 cells, whether these increases in transcription led to increases in the protein level of fetal...
... and melittin on the inflammatory gene expression, iNOS and COX-2 expression was determined The inhibitory effect of melittin and bee venom on iNOS and COX-2 expression by LPS and SNP in Raw 264.7 ... most involved in the inhibitory effect of melittin and bee venom on the LPS and SNP-induced activation of NF-κB as well as in the production of NO and PGE2 In inflammatory diseases, PGs and NO ... pathophysiology of local and chronic inflammation [44-47] The promoter region of the murine gene encoding iNOS and COX-2 contains NF-κB binding sites [15,48], which suggests that the inhibitory effect of inflammatory...
... proteins sharing two domains involved in mediating protein- protein interactions: the Broad Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac/Pox virus and Zinc finger (BTB/POZ) domain in the N-terminal and the ... 1997 and shown as encoding a novel protein containing ankyrin repeats involved in http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2229/9/54 protein- protein interactions [6] NPR1 is constitutively expressed and ... b Genoscope ling genes resulted in increased VvPR1 geneexpressionin both uninoculated andin P viticola inoculated leaves In inoculated tissues, the expected stimulation of PR1 expression by...
... cells [12], and were effective in inhibiting the geneexpressionof herpes simplex and influenza virus andin abolishing the replication of influenza virus in human cells [13,14] In vitro studies ... exogenous administration of DNA-based EGSs is highly efficient in inhibiting geneexpressionand viral growth Further understanding of how the functional groups in the nucleotides of an EGS interact ... reduction of 80% ± 3% in the expression level of UL49 protein was observed Figure Binding of UL49 mRNA substrate by EGS324 and CEGS324 Substrate (10 nM) was either in the presence of 10 nM of EGS324...
... HIV-1 geneexpression by Sam68ΔC Understanding regulation of Understanding regulation of HIV-1 geneexpression by Sam68ΔC (A) Following transcription, HIV-1 RNA undergoes alternative splicing to generate ... reading frames and the influence of translation on 3' UTR structure/RNP composition Both tat and rev mRNAs contain reading frames encoding the respective proteins (Tat or Rev) and that of Nef, while ... process of splicing used to generate the mRNAs encoding Tat, Rev and Nef results in slight variations in 5' sequence, but all the mRNAs encompass the nef reading frame (individual reading frames...
... reduces HIV geneexpression The findings described to this point establish a correlation between inhibition of eIF5A modification and inhibition of HIV-1 geneexpression To examine the effect of eIF5A ... by staining with annexin V (AnnV) and 7amino-actinomycin D (7AAD) Data are means of three time points (12, 18 and 24 hr) presented as percentages tion of eIF5A-1 by RNA interference also inhibits ... D ă C Figure Inhibition ofgeneexpression by CPX and DEF is promoter specific Inhibition ofgeneexpression by CPX and DEF is promoter specific A-C Inhibition is independent of Tat Total RNA...
... culturing five CML cell lines in the presence or absence of imatinib mesylate Expression profiles were obtained at and 12 h after drug exposure using 27 K cDNA arrays For each time point and treatment ... activity of the fusion oncogene BCR/ ABL1, associated with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), in a reverse way by blocking the activity of the fusion protein using the tyrosine-kinase inhibitory ... of cyclin D1 action encoded in the patterns ofgeneexpressionin human cancer Cell 2003, 114:323-334 Breslin T, Eden P, Krogh M: Comparing functional annotation analyses with Catmap BMC Bioinformatics...
... Day post infection Figure Cytokine geneexpression Cytokine geneexpression (a) A list of all cytokines and chemokines (as defined by Gene Ontology annotation) was used to extract geneexpression ... role in regulating apoptosis increased on days to after infection (Figure 4a) These genes included Bcl-2 family members and interacting proteins: BCL2-antagonist of cell death, BH3 interacting ... determine whether we could detect any changes ingeneexpression before appearance of symptoms, we examined the geneexpression profile of peripheral blood in the early preclinical stages of infection...
... expressed in the brain, 10,980 genes were expressed in the post-natal brain of both species whereas 1,692 genes were expressed in the developing brain of both species Of these two sets of genes, 90 genes ... 'normal' Research involving geneexpressionof the brain aims at identifying causes of psychological and neurological diseases, many of which originate during development With the use of mice as model ... 0.646 (HomoloGene identifier: 27813), having identical expression profiles during development (expressed in liver and stem cell), but differing during post-natal expression (expression in mouse heart,...