... new vaccine approach is highly demanded for development of marine fish farming The use of vaccines to avoid diseases and spread of pathogens also lead to reduced or no use of antibiotics and chemicals ... the farming industry 5 1.4.2 Vaccine for fish The use of commercial fish vaccines and experimental vaccine testing are conducted many placesinthe world Most vaccines are developed and tested ... antibodies in fish sera were analyzed by ELISA following Jakobsen et al (1999) The antibody response of orange-spotted grouper tothe bacterin containing FIA andthe protective efficacy testing:...
... that they find it pleasing and interesting when they are listening With this type of listening, students are not reinforcing a structure or practicing a grammar point linked tothe rest ofthe ... Types of listening There are many different types of listening We can classify these according to a number of variables, including listening purposes, the role ofthe listener andthe types of text ... the material is available or not, the interest ofthe class andthe teacher, the place in which the work is being carried out, the nature andthe content ofthe listening text itself If one of...
... between the amounts of UP12 andthe total amount of protein inthe extracts, a series of samples containing determined amounts ofthe purified UP12 were separated by SDS/PAGE along with the cell ... of this family including UspA itself (Fig 2), and one larger protein consisting of two UspA domains in tandem [17] The small members of this family are proteins of 142–144 amino-acids long; they ... (5–10 lg of protein) were separated by SDS/PAGE using the standard Laemmli system [30] with 13% and 4% (w/w) acrylamide inthe separating and stacking gels, respectively In order to estimate the ratio...
... a-helices ofthe N-terminal 185 residues ofthe functional domain ofthe HA2 subunit ofthein uenza virus hemagglutinin protein andto detect conformational heterogeneity ofthe protein within IBs ... proteins increases inthe cell, chaperones are saturated andthe equilibrium shifts toward the free version of r32, leading to induction ofthe stress response Nevertheless, the nature and variability ... those containing disulfide bonds or requiring cofactors, multidomain proteins, fusion proteins Inthe following we summarize recent progress in this field, whereas the use of IBs inthe study of amyloid...
... chosen andthe program calculates the average of a3v values over the sliding window and assigns it tothe central residue ofthe window (sliding-window lengths of 5, 7, and 11 residues were trained ... contacts higher than the cut-off) andthe size ofthe region is greater than or equal tothe size ofthe sliding window used Optimum values for the cut-off (threshold) andthe sliding-window length are ... are averaged inside the window andthe average is assigned tothe central residue ofthe window The ‘smoothed’ expected values for every position ofthe polypeptide chain provide the final profile,...
... 422 and 428 aa; nine aa in total) were located near the interface ofthe physiological dimer The Cterminal domain may contain structural features involved in protein–protein interactions to form ... (disordered inthe ligand-free state in YbgJ) Inthe absence ofthe ligand, the lid part is separated from the active site, which leads to a more open active site Upon the binding of ligand inthe acyl-enzyme ... conditions: inthe absence ofthe additives (referred to as N); inthe presence of Tris (referred to as T); inthe presence of l-glutamate (referred to as G); andinthe presence of both Tris and l-glutamate...
... distribution and binding activities of FABPs and regulation of FABP genes, including FABP gene knock-out experiments [8], our understanding ofthe physiological function(s) of these proteins remains limited ... given a variety of names, such as ileal lipid-binding protein, intestinal 15 kDa protein, ileal bile acid-binding protein and gastrotropin, reflecting the speculations of authors on its intracellular ... region ofthe intestine (A) and remained confined to this region ofthe intestine up to days postfertilization (C), the last time point assayed (B) Distribution of fabp6 transcripts throughout the...
... CaM binding domains inthe channel protein Indeed, we found two more sites, one inthe C-terminus neighboring tothe previously identified site and one domain inthe N-terminus of hEAG1 The latter ... 1–206 in steps of 3) and C-terminal (amino-acids 480–962 in steps ofand amino-acids 645–895 in steps of 2) cytosolic domains of hEAG1 Binding of BODIPY FL-labeled hCaM inthe presence of 25 ... replacements of either the basic arginines or both phenylalanines (underlined in Fig 3C) in BD-C2 led to Ca2+ ⁄ CaM insensitivity of hEAG1 channels Ca2+-dependent binding of hCaM tothe N-terminal binding...
... was incubated with different ratio of E600 In each case, the kinetics of inactivation of Rv1399c have been monitored by measuring the remaining activity, as a function of time, using tripropionin ... corresponding to pH values below 3.75 have been extrapolated due to Rv1399c instability at acidic pH (D) Rv1399c inhibitory effect using the E600 inhibitor as function of time The protein/inhibitor ... expression vector following the manufacturer’s instruction (Gateway, Invitrogen) The correct insertion ofthe Rv1399c ORF was confirmed by DNA sequencing In our hands, protein expression using the commercially...
... being minimal the trapping of two main-chain conformations and increased B-factors at 295 K suggests that the presence ofthe coordinating Lys in some way can in uence the dynamics ofthe ligand ... different Inthe wt structure the side chain slithers along the side ofthe protein surface, whereas inthe M100K structure it points out into the solvent (Fig 4C) The position ofthe K99 side chain ... fold ofthe wt protein is maintained for the M100K variant, with an r.m.s.d for the ˚ backbone atoms of 0.4 A Significant deviations for main- and side-chain atoms inthe ligand loop containing the...
... authors b-alanine) has been previously introduced inthe sequence ofthe C-terminal heptapeptide of NKA, another peptide ofthe tachykinin family that binds the NK-1 and NK-2 receptors [HGly8] ... conformations of a-amino acids The atoms used inthe rmsd calculation are those involved inthe two peptide bonds andthe two N- and C-terminal methyl groups, in order to compare the backbone ... Regarding the minor binding site NK-1m, SP and [Pro9]SP show a 10-fold increase in affinity compared to their affinity for the NK-1M binding site, with Ki inthe subnanomolar range (0.13 nM) and...
... the growing of crops and livestock production, manufacture and application of agricultural inputs, processing, packaging, distribution and cold storage, preparing and serving, and disposing of ... carbon andtothe type of organic matter stored and its permanence In some studies, soil C content increases within the top 7.5 cm ofthe soil profile, but results in no changes over the entire profile ... phase ofthe grain handling process—from harvest to threshing, drying, storage and milling—can produce up to 10% losses, for cumulative losses of 40% Fruit and vegetable losses run inthe 10–70%...
... arising from the use of language in speech and writing on the other It is interesting to note that inthe evaluation ofthe pilot ofThe Key Stage Strategy’ (Office for Standards in Education (Ofsted), ... ofthe study) tothe review question (D) an overall weight taking into account (A), (B) and (C) The data were then synthesised to bring together the studies which answer the review question and ... including the contents ofthe databases, manuals, and keywording and dataextraction systems The Centre and authors give permission for users ofthe site to display and print the contents of the...
... behavior,” the doctor told her Everyone inthe room felt like they were on the brink of something important And they were When you woke up this morning, what did you first? Did you hop inthe shower, ... one point, we all consciously decided how much to eat andwhatto focus on when we got tothe office, how often to have a drink or when to go for a jog Then we stopped making a choice, andthe ... routines for building bases, setting strategic priorities, and de- ciding how to respond to attacks In those early days ofthe war, when the insurgency was spreading and death tolls were mounting,...
... of learning, its domain of investigation embraces ever wider ranges of phenomena, and new theories continue to enter into the large circle of mathematical disciplines And finally, it is growing ... on Introduction to Logic was done by the present editor My thanks go, inthe first place, to Professor Dana Scott, who took the initiative regarding the expansion andthe revision ofthe original ... is entirely insignificant from the standpoint of requirements of other sciences, andof mathematics in particular In view of these circumstances, andofthe aim which we have here, there will...
... guidelines were therefore enforced to raise the cultural and intellectual levels ofthe general public whilst also moderating the amount of information they were exposed to whether it be on the ... from the dangers of falling bombs Despite on screen warnings of impending air raids, many patrons chose to stay in their seats as they felt safer inthe cinema than in their own homes due tothe ... ofthe buildings The use of 'story' documentary was popular in portraying real situations, often using real people instead of actors, to reflect a nation united in her difficulties Although often...
... Plants handicapped inthe accumulation of SA were infected with TMV, and PR-1 proteins were monitored inthe necrotic tissue induced by the spreading lesions Whereas lesions andthe accumulation of ... for expression in plants were integrated into the binary vector pBin19, and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation was employed to introduce gene constructs into the genome of tobacco (Nicotiana ... Gatz, C (2000) Tobacco transcription factor TGA2.2 is the main component of as-1binding factor ASF-1 and is involved in salicylic acid- and auxininducible expression of as-1-containing target promoters...
... results inthe dissociation ofthe dimers andthe monomers are not able to bind tothe )148 to )124 region of c-jun This study thus provides an insight into the molecular mechanisms regulating the ... (RLjunRP) in normal rat liver The positive regulatory factor interacting with this region was purified to homogeneity andthe cDNA cloning ofthe gene encoding this factor is in progress to help in understanding ... even inthe presence of 0.5 M NaCl indicated that the factor has a higher than usual affinity tothe recognition sequence Most ofthe DNA-binding proteins exhibit binding activity with a rather...
... prior to, and during, a disaster Area Lack of adequate understanding and training ofthe first responder community concerning the special needs of these populations Area Lack of understanding ofthe ... Posed During Training Session There are several questions that are posed at the beginning our two day train -the- trainer sessions and conference intensives They are used to raise the awareness of issues ... together to go door -to- door to find these hidden residents, help them prepare, andto be able to reach them if needed during a disaster Issues addressed in this paper apply to these harder to...
... inthe presence and absence ofthe ANT inhibitory ligand cATR, andofthe F0F1ATP synthase inhibitor oligomycin The results are shown in Fig In Fig 1A, ADP was present prior tothe addition of ... [37] Mindful of (a) the well-established ligand profile of ANT, (b) the modulatory role of ANT inthe mammalian PTP, and (c) the absence of a Ca2+-induced PTP in mitochondria from the embryos of ... exploiting the differential affinity of ADP and ATP for Mg2+ The rate of ATP appearing inthe medium following addition of ADP to energized mitochondria (or vice versa inthe case of deenergized mitochondria)...