... III Dynamic models contain incomplete information, and the sets, relations, and functions in these models can be incompletely specified (their domains are usually incomplete) In PTQ, some phrases ... h-expression was not expanded in the same way as the image in this table, a new element corresponding to the expanded image is added to the model This table allows two ~-expressions that initially have ... intensionally-equivalent formulas are not identified as being equivalent, the mechanism "thinks" that it is possible to expand their domain to include a distinguishing element Since the formulas are equivalent...
... focused on tax avoiding practices He maintained that setting up new rms can avoid taxation by reclassifying their earnings as corporate rather than personal income, as long as the former is taxed less ... risk aversion, a higher marginal tax rate may reduce the propensity to undertake a self-employed activity On the other hand, the higher marginal tax rate might also act as an insurance against ... project.7 In two interesting papers, Alvarez and Kanniainen (1997, 1998) analyzed the Johansson-Samuelson Theorem8 ina real-option setting They showed that as long as taxation leaves the projects value...
... building maintenance and infrastructure investment, and increased sprawl Many factors that contributed to urban decline are now reversing Current trends are increasing demand for affordable-accessible ... For example, aging population, rising fuel prices, increasing traffic congestion, and improved urban livability are all increasing demand for urban housing and business location A rational real ... by a parking facility 5-15% Increase capacity of existing facilities Increase parking supply by using otherwise wasted space, smaller stalls, car stackers and valet parking 5-15% Mobility management...
... Austrobaileyaceae, Eupomatiaceae, Himantandraceae, Myristicaceae and Winteraceae of the order Magnoliales; Atherospermataceae, Gyrocarpaceae, Hernandiaceae, Idiospermaceae, Lauraceae and Monimiaceae of ... National Park Guatemala 57 600 Sinharaja Forest Reserve Sri Lanka 864 Montane rainforest Venezuela Talamanca/Amistad Costa Rica/Panama 791 592 Sangay National Park Equador 271 925 Machu Picchu Peru ... et al (2001) have shown that these upland forests are particularly sensitive to changes in temperature and rainfall Changes as small as a 1°C increase in temperature and a 10% decline in rainfall...
... policy layer provides a mechanism to share border crossing wires to maintain a good internal wire bandwidth WIN and an appropriate interface bandwidth WIF to the interface layer as shown in Figure ... direction An interface instance assigned to a particular border edge location is a port An assigned interface is created by optimizing the signal ordering and mapping them to the wires made available ... (BLC), a set of interface signals, and a set of interface definitions The interface definitions are described in XML and provide an absolute wire assignment for each signal in an interface Mapping an...
... Financial Accounting Accounting Accounting System System (accumulates (accumulates financial financial and and managerial managerial accounting accounting data data inin the the cost cost accounting ... making making and and planning planning •• Assisting Assisting managers managers inin directing directing and and controlling controlling activities activities •• Motivating Motivating managers ... controlling an an organization’s organization’s operations operations Internal Users Financial Financial Accounting Accounting Published Published financial financial statements statements and and other...
... intensity data was subsequently input into PeakFit (Jandel Scientific, Inc.) and the background was subtracted The intensity of the resulting peaks was integrated to obtain integral areas I(h) and integral ... proximal end was laid across a pair of stimulating Ag/AgCl electrodes above the solution The distal end was then drawn into a suction electrode containing a Ag/AgCl wire and also lifted above ... myelinated axons within a nerve This latter phenomenon, known as Wedensky inhibition (in which the CAP amplitudes alternated between small and large), was quantitated by comparing the amplitude above...
... NSW, Australia) Data was analyzed using PowerChrom (eDAQ, Australia) 2.15 Statistical analysis Statistical significance was assessed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a post ... some abnormalities in the nigrostriatal system [155-157] As discussed above, Parkin and PINK1 are involved in the mitochondria maintenance, and mutations on Parkin and PINK1 would lead to familial ... anti-oxidant in the dopaminergic neurons It was reported that ACS84 intravenous injection increased the dopamine level in the rat brain [233] Our results also indicated that ACS84 elevated dopamine...
... time Because the agent can always underreport and steal at rate γR until termination, any incentive compatible strategy yields the agent at least R In contrast, this constraint may bind ina discrete-time ... parameters on the agent’s starting value W* when investors have all the bargaining power is determined by the following tradeoff: Larger W* delays termination at a greater cost of paying the agent ... Cadenillas, Abel, Jaksa Cvitanic, and Fernando Zapatero, 2003, Dynamic principal-agent problems with perfect information, Working paper, USC Clementi, Gian Luca, and Hugo A Hopenhayn, 2002, A...
... Canada, India, Japan, Mexico, and South Korea—have enacted or updated data privacy laws These laws are mostly generally applicable to personal data irrespective of the industry in which the data ... personal data traversing the Internet falls into these gaps The United States adopted and maintained this sectoral model as many Americans began connecting to the Internet in the mid-1990s and ... updated Aug 6, 2010) (listing national laws) 28 12 DYNAMIC PRIVACY FRAMEWORK B 13 The Imperatives for aDynamic Privacy Framework for Commercial Data Many have argued that addressing commercial data...
... that other important problems such as machine translation can benefit from a Graphical Models perspective Machine translation presents a fresh set of challenges because of the large combinatorial ... Graphical Models Oxford Science Publications G Leusch, N Ueffing, and H Ney 2003 A novel string-to-string distance measure with applications to machine translation evaluation In Machine Translation ... certain applications is a reasonable restriction) and make inference linear in n with a running time constant proportional to c2 Conclusion We have shown how the problem of learning edit distance...
... producing a MUSC E torque larger than necessary and maintained this attitude also in the relearning phase, so that movements were characterized by larger acceleration and velocity, probably at the ... elderly and young groups in adaptation and de- adaptation phases MT E values MT E values for elderly and young groups in adaptation and de- adaptation phases Bottom side: after the removal of the ... 183:118-122 Shadmehr R, Mussa-Ivaldi FA: Adaptive representation of dynamics during learning of a motor task J Neurosci 1994, 14:3208-3224 Smith MA, Ghazizadeh A, Shadmehr R: Interacting adaptive processes...
... relay maintains private information pertaining to its behavior The private information and the sequential nature of cooperative interactions gives relay terminals a dominant position in deciding ... other hand, a misbehaving relay may strategically change its type at the beginning of each stage game In this paper we assume that a misbehaving relay adopts behavior strategy wherein it randomly ... terminals reciprocate We assume that terminals are individually rational in that terminals behave ina manner to maximize their individual benefits from cooperation We assume rational behavior...
... for a real-time computation of data while they are streamed The implementation is done on a Xilinx evaluation board featuring a Spartan FPGA and on a ML310 board with a Virtex2 Pro The remainder ... California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif, USA, 1998 S Ghiasi, A Nahapetian, H J Moon, and M Sarrafzadeh, “Reconfiguration in network of embedded systems: challenges and adaptive tracking ... pp 716–720, Orlando, Fla, USA, MarchApril 1998 A Bissacco, J Meltzer, S Ghiasi, S Soatto, and M Sarrafzadeh, “Fast visual feature selection and tracking ina hybrid reconfigurable architecture,”...
... a priori information is available regarding the speed of time variation of the channel Also, since the high-order derivative terms in (18) are dropped in our formulation, an additional adaptation ... Sejnowski, “ICA mixture models for unsupervised classification of non-Gaussian classes and automatic context switching in blind signal separation,” IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, ... scenarios that can arise in mobile communication applications In the first case, the change of the channel is modeled as a continuous linear time variation in the mixing matrix’s coefficients In...
... subtropical monsoonal climate, with a mean annual temperature of 19.1 °C and a relative humidity of 81% The mean annual precipitation is 749 mm, mainly occurs from March to August Mean annual evapotranspiration ... (largely lignin and suberin) and lignin were determined by proximate chemical analysis [31] All results are presented on an ash-free dry matter basis 2.5 Statistical analysis Statistical analyses were ... Percentage of dry-matter remaining over time in decomposing fine roots of Chinese fir and Tsoong’s tree Bars indicate standard error Table I Weight loss rate and decay constant (k) of fine roots after...
... are of special interest The anterior limb of the internal capsule contains frontothalamic and thalamo -frontal pathways, the cortico-pontine pathways, and a lesser number of caudate/pallidum fibers, ... organization of white matter, as inferred from anisotropy, in the frontallobe and anterior limb of the internal capsule [25], a finding replicated by Lim and collaborators [26] Frontal decreases ... further standardize the xy coordinates of the anterior limb of the internal capsule and termination of tracts in the frontallobe as it was symmetrically in the midline and determined in exact reference...