... of different tags on either the 5¢-end or the 3¢-end [5] Despite common features of RNA silencing, there are differences between the animal and plant kingdoms The mechanism of RNA silencing in ... TAR-RNA-binding protein [10] and Argonaute (Ago) proteins [11] It is thought that Dicer–Ago protein complex formation is crucial for siRNA channelling into RISC and mediating the transition between the ... the initiation and execution phases of RNAi Ago proteins are key components of RISC responsible forthe cleavage ofthe target RNA The cleavage is catalysed by a Piwi domain of Ago proteins, the...
... levels of these cytokines in control serum andthe injected ACS TGF-β1 levels in SF were lower than inthe injected ACS, and OPG levels in SF were higher than in ACS (P < 0.01) During the course of ... and interpreted the data and drafted the manuscript DS participated in design and coordination ofthe study and revised the manuscript WD was involved in design ofthe study and revised the manuscript ... of Il-1 signalling in OA, inthe one human clinical study using recombinant IL-1ra as a treatmentfor OA, a single injection into the knee joint did not result in an improvement of OA symptoms...
... De Uithof, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands Published: 17 December 2010 References Moser C: Response to: Cytokine profile of autologous conditioned serum fortreatmentof osteoarthritis, in vitro ... metabolism and intra-articular levels after injection Arthritis Research Ther 2010, 12:410 Rutgers M, Saris DBF, Dhert WJA, Creemers LB: Cytokine profile of autologous conditioned serum fortreatmentof ... to whether this treatment merits registration Page of Abbreviations ACS, autologous conditioned serum; IL-1, interleukin-1; OA, osteoarthritis Competing interests The authors declare that they...
... assess the amount of fiber and water intake, andthe number of meals and when they are consumed The history should also include the number, type and frequency of laxatives used Inthe elderly, ... straightening the anorectal angle Simultaneously, the voluntary efforts of bearing down increases the intra-abdominal pressure, facilitating the development of a stripping wave, resulting in stool ... reported that colchicine increases prostaglandin synthesis, intestinal secretion and gastrointestrial motility.45 It also reduces water and electrolyte absorption inthe intestine and increases secretion...
... to examine the uncertainty inthe model andthe stability ofthe results The first PSA allowed the input values for adherence rates, relapse rates, treatment discontinuation rates, andthe generic ... $38 [71] These results remain robust despite the fact that they are assumed to occur inthe first quarter oftreatment initiation, rather than weighing the increase inthe rates over the quarterly ... quarter based on the findings of Leslie and Rosenheck [84] The baseline assumption forthe quarterly costs of statins for hyperlipidemia therapy is $225 and is based on a 50% market share of 40 mg generic...
... agency of both the National Academy of Sciences andthe National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, andthe scientific and engineering communities The Council ... achievements of engineers Dr Wm A Wulf is president ofthe National Academy of Engineering The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of ... services of eminent members of appropriate professions inthe examination of policy matters pertaining to the health ofthe public The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National...
... participated inthe statistical analysis andthe drafting ofthe manuscript PE participated inthe design ofthe study andthe drafting ofthe manuscript All authors read and approved the final manuscript ... Today there are guidelines fortreatmentof individual diseases, but there is a lack of guidelines and goals fortreatmentoftheelderly with many diseases [38] Inthe healthcare system there ... satisfaction and capability of managing the medication andthe dosage regimen/dispensing and screening for cognitive impairment since this is often omitted and is a main issue forthe patients’...
... assays were blinded to the clinical status ofthe patient The PCT results were not available during the study period Routine cultures of blood and urine, andof samples from trachea and suspected ... conditions for statistical analysis of diagnostic reliability of serum PCT and cytokines Using Youden’s Index, the best cutoff value for PCT was 2.415 ng/ml The best cutoff value and AUC for all ... resistance strains Further studies ofthe early phases of sepsis are necessary to define the role of PCT in possible therapeutic strategies, such as antimicrobial and immunological therapies, and cost...
... R: Intensive insulin therapy inthe medical ICU N Engl J Med 2006, 354:449-461 Singer M, Glynne P: Treating critical illness: the importance of first doing no harm PLoS Med 2005, 2:e167 Page of ... AR, Young D, Black N, Rowan K: Epidemiology of severe sepsis occurring inthe first 24 hrs in intensive care units in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland Crit Care Med 2003, 31:2332-2338 Annane ... gains but at the expense of longer-term detriment [13] A greater understanding of both disease pathophysiology and iatrogenic harm will, I believe, lead to even better management, and thus further...
... SDF-1 is the ligand forthe CXCR4 co-receptor and can block HIV-1 infection via co-receptor binding Therefore, the expression ofthe SDF receptor could serve as an alternate binding site for SDF-1, ... HIV-1 and thus necessitate further study, seem to be the CAP-binding protein complex interacting protein, tropomyosin beta, BTG3, the IL-10R, PPGB, and cathepsins Z and L2 [see Additional File and ... contribution of PPGB in HIV1 infection, a number of reports have illustrated the importance of NA in increasing the efficiency of viral binding and entry [35,36] NA is a sialidase that exposes sites on the...
... PES, and MJS participated in drafting and reviewing the manuscript All authors approved the final version ofthe manuscript Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests ... AZ, The Netherlands Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Gelre Hospitals, location Lukas, PO Box 9014, Apeldoorn, 7300 DS, The Netherlands 6Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology ... Taking this into account, the indication for – and recommended frequency of – laboratory monitoring andtreatment remains debatable Correction of hypophosphatemia is possible via oral or intravenous...
... the prevention of falls It is intended for all those who are involved inthe care oftheelderlyand is an invitation to all health and sociomedical actors to join forces forthe well-being of ... evidence forthe relation between a given risk factor and falling [table I] Assessment ofthe level of risk fortheelderly person Screening tools and means of assessment forthe risk of falls inthe ... and socioeconomic advances have led to considerable improvement inthe health ofthe elderly, thus extending the period of physical autonomy, and retarding the onset ofthe effects of aging The...
... Similar declines occur in other organ systems What would be the full range of eects if declines inthe immune andin ammatory systems were prevented or reversed inthe setting of declines in other ... one-half the amount of disability in 1587 the last one or two years of life The same results obtained in males andin females, andin those without disability in 1962 and 1986 This 100% decrease in ... of death shifts from external towards intrinsic factors The formally assigned ``cause of death'' becomes increasingly irrelevant compared with the underlying frailty, the inability ofthe aging...
... Based on the Hellenic Society forthe Study of Hypertension guidelines (2008) the aim ofthe screening of blood pressure inthe hypertensive subjects under 65 years old is to maintain the blood ... increase is being associated with increased salt intake, with theelderlyandthe obese being the more sensitive On the other hand, an inverse relationship between potassium dietary intake and blood ... conducted inthe special infrastructures forthe protection oftheelderlyin Greece, it has been reported that 72.9% ofthe males and 77.1% of females had high blood pressure 15, nevertheless,...
... in ammation induces a state of ‘leptin resistance’ in obese animals and humans resulting in development of hyperleptinemia Similarly, hyperleptinemia is a consequence ofthe development of insulin resistance ... overexpression of ANGPTL6 ⁄ AGF inthe liver of diet-induced obese mice results in elevated ANGPTL6 ⁄ AGF serum levels and amelioration of diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance [14] Taken together, these ... The expression ofin ammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-a, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1b) was increased inthe adipose tissue of ANGPTL2 transgenic mice compared with that of wild-type...
... factor-α, interleukin-10) were performed before and after treatmentThe study protocol was approved by the local Ethics Committee ofthe City of Hamburg, Germany Sputum sampling After rinsing their ... vilrulence of this bacterium (10) Therefore blocking of these lectins may prevent ongoing colonization and inflammation Although fucose/galactose has been demonstrated to be effective in vitro andin ... present there is no information available on the clinical effect of fucose/galacatose when given to CF patients Inthe present study both inhalation of fucose/galactose solution alone and combined therapy...
... complicated skin and skin structure infections—developing antimicrobial drugs fortreatment 1998 Arbeit RD, et al The safety and efficacy of daptomycin forthetreatmentof complicated skin and skin-structure ... prolonging the dosing interval, increasing the dose of daptomycin may place patients at high risk for CPK elevation In a phase III clinical trial evaluating daptomycin 6 mg/kg/day fortreatmentof ... within 30–60 minutes after the end of a 30-minute IV i nfusion Within the typical therapeutic dosing ranges and interval, the steady-state Cmax and AUC of daptomycin rises proportionally to increasing...
... directing white light into the skin ofthe newborn and measuring the intensity ofthe specific wavelengths that are returned By knowing the spectral properties ofthe components within the skin, ... xylocaine) may be injected inthe area just before inserting the device to make it pain free Forthe insertion ofthe device, the local health worker/nurse previously involved in delivering the ... restraint is placed in a rear seat ofthe vehicle and is put inthe rear or forward facing configuration based on the size and weight ofthe child Then, it is secured to the seat ofthe car using the...