... for the production of a fine piece of writing Viewed as a process, writing involves the following major skills The skill of much use during the first stage is that of planning Before starting off, ... knowledge in a good piece of writing There is an element of truth inthe fact that grammar rules help to generate sentences However, if the writer has no real understanding ofthe lexis ofthe English ... leaving no scope for misunderstanding or interpretation of any type This makes an enormous demand on the writer indeed So in his treatment ofthe subject assigned, the writer has to draw on the...
... lower-level abstraction” (28) For instance, the lack ofthe bitwise operators inthe early versions ofthe Lua is one ofthe widely-known examples of abstraction inversion While the bitwise-and operation ... time-consuming tasks to be preempted so that they not hinder the advance of logical time, while maintaining sample-rate accurate timing behaviour of strongly-timed programming Furthermore, LC also introduces ... approach to the sound synthesis framework design (the integration ofthe objects and manipulations for microsound synthesis inthe sound synthesis framework) 1.3 Roadmap The rest of this thesis is...
... refers to the consideration of meaning in an incongruent way at the level ofthe organization ofthe discourse The most congruent form of joining two ideas is An investigation into the role of metaphor ... different way of construing the world Second, it can increase the information load ofthe nominal group by nominalizing the dynamic process and putting several epithets before the head ofthe nominal ... ideational meaning but the textual meaning An investigation into the role of metaphor in description of emotion in poetic discourse 13 There is the third kind of meaning called interpersonal meaning which...
... can use the things in part A Use the phrases inthe box and your own ideas Check email listen to music Find definitions make calculations Find directions make phone calls record appointments ... C Join another pair Discuss these questions Which gadgets in part A you own? How often you use them? What you use them for? I talk on my cell phone two or three times a day I often use mine to ... Think about the products in part B Discuss these questions What new features the products have nowadays? Are the latest products all improvements over the older versions? Do you have any of the...
... to tasks These tasks are the operational end ofthe “what” you have to do, the end ofthe action chain They are at the opposite end ofthe goal Be careful in defining tasks because they can overwhelm ... quarters THE PAYOFFS FROM ELIMINATING ORGANIZATIONAL INEFFICIENCIES The payoffs for being efficient are staggering Inthe projections for Nortel Networks, they run into the hundreds of millions of ... for the remainder ofthe objectives Avoid the twin dangers of setting the targets too high or too low The first danger of shooting too high comes from the inherent enthusiasm found when planning...
... famous for the cleanliness of its properties The structure is highly disciplined inthe care and feeding ofthe physical plant Disney understands the value of image and strives minute-by-minute to ... certain business situations My intent was to tailor specific training language and training situations to bring the strategic plan and the training into conceptual alignment I was surprised at their ... properties in use Properties-driven companies understand the value of their capital assets Those properties are the core of their income generation They are the center of their universe Because the...
... For instance, the fact that the two tokens of subordinating conjunction dass ‘that’ in Fig carry the same tag, is interpreted by ELLEIPO as indicating lexical identity In combination with other ... elliptical output strings shown in (10c) In (11), Gapping combines with BCR inthe subordinate clauses The fact that here, in contrast with (10), the subordinate clauses not start their own superclauses, ... subset ofthe terminal leaves ofthe input tree has been marked for elision Inthe examples below, this is indicated by subscript marks E.g., the subscript “g” attached to esst ‘eat’ in (9b) indicates...
... In my opinion, most ofthe disagreement surrounding intuition’s role in trading arises from misunderstanding Many think of intuition as of some kind of sudden revelation about the future They expect ... when you think of it in these terms You are better off going with the trend at each interim point You find yourself wrong once at the reversal point, and then you can reverse the direction of your ... The trades they make are apparently “their” plays They often have their own spin on traditional setups You can see other traders asking them what they and how they it They often share their “secrets”...
... express The original meaning of a form in a language is normally called “denotation” With respect to words (lexical terms), the primary (original) meaning is the meaning that we can find in a dictionary ... second, the semantic role of Source Inthe third one, the semantic role of Goal Not just the semantic roles provide a meaning to the words, phrases or sentences Sometimes meaning comes from the ... large Mother and father = parents SYNONYMY Politician = Statesman Antonymy is the state or phenomenon in which the words have the sense relation which involve the opposite of meaning The concrete...
... decreases again inthe nineteenth century, as Levin (2001: 36) reports Inthe twentieth century, AmE is clearly ahead of BrE inthe increasing use of singular concord What we are lacking, again, is ... on the individual within the group (plural) than on the collectivity ofthe group (singular) Due to the overall low frequency of collective nouns inthe sample, instances of verbal and pronominal ... only one was an example of concord marking (singular) The analysis of 1,200 occurrences of a total of 3,744 instances ofthe noun army from the nineteenth-century part ofthe database produced...
... formal broadsheets These findings are indicative ofthe interplay of style, complexity and explicitness outlined above The less formal in terms of style, the higher the ratio ofthe explicit more-variant, ... pertaining to stylistic differences inthe use of cognitively complex constructions There are two points we need to bear in mind in pursuing this argument Firstly, most ofthe adjectives investigated ... consistent: in both cases, BrE seems to have taken the lead inthe establishment ofthe incoming variants Intriguingly, this results in BrE being less regular than AmE inthe case of lit/lighted,...
... containing finite clauses.17 In BrE, all kinds of NPs involving finite complements represent a 17 The category of NPs involving finite clauses comprises eight cases in which the NP either contains ... instead ofthe original; the purpose ofthe task was not revealed in advance The results are given in Table 7.1, abstracting the relevant parts ofthe verb phrase I will refer throughout to the ... adpositional occurrences of notwithstanding and inthe main represents BrE The black columns illustrate the ratios of postpositional notwithstanding; the missing segments ofthe columns, adding up to 100...
... fought (against) the occupying troops in 1808 (7) They battled (against) the fire for two days (8) They protested (against) the invasion of Harikutu (9) She appealed (against) the decision Other ... 1960–93) There are no instances of non-finite complements following this collocation inthe EEPF corpus and only eleven examples inthe ECF corpus, all of them involving infinitives (with /in) -ing ... elements or structures Some ofthe alternatives chosen in order to avoid an undesirable sequence of to-infinitives include the following: * * * * the omission of to inthe infinitive dependent on to...
... However, the second infinitive is then in danger of becoming detached from the coordinated structure and of losing its infinitival character; rather than being an infinitive whose finite auxiliary ... the findings presented previously is that the decline inthe use ofthe present perfect is now slowing down in AmE and that BrE is approaching the level of AmE.19 Concluding remarks The continuing ... not involving the verb stand obviously helps to delay the decline of gerundial complements (cf Table 11.3, lines 2a/b) These findings are in accordance with the informal character ofthe -ing...
... contrasts inthe use ofthe subjunctive have been pinpointed in corpora reaching back to the nineteenth century To date, only the striking comeback ofthe subjunctive in mandative clauses has been inves¨ ... significant way in their affinity with the subjunctive in either ofthe varieties Another similarity consists inthe fact that 20 out ofthe 51 subjunctives in BrE (i.e 39 per cent) and 55 out ofthe 160 ... side ofthe Atlantic The results are presented in Figure 15.3 The data show that the situation in AmE differs in several respects from that inthe mother country First of all, the decline of modal...
... during the utterance A different kind of change of mind is involved inthe negative question and inthe questions with then: in these cases the speaker seems to be responding to evidence from the ... On the one hand, adverbs of certainty can develop the meaning of uncertainty (a modal meaning) by inferencing since the hearer reads the speaker’s uncertainty into what is said even when certainty ... defined as ‘a surreptitious way of smuggling something into discourse’ (Downing 2001: 274) By checking the frequency of such patterns inthe BNC we can get some idea ofthe distinctiveness of the...
... different type of British–American contrast inthe domain of negation concerns the placement ofthe negator in connection with infinitives The splitting of infinitives, long incriminated by prescriptive ... comparatives inthe remaining cases The driving forces behind the intercalation of for may be the horror aequi effect triggered by the comparative sequence as well as the need for an upbeat introducing the ... per cent ofthe infinitives in AmE are split, but only 10 per cent ofthe infinitives in BrE A similar situation obtains for other short adverbs that may intervene between to and the infinitive...