... follows: 1) Bhattacharyya Distance: This statistical measure determines the similarity of two discrete probability distributions (Bhattacharyya, 1943) In classification, this method is used to measure ... swarm) In other words, each particle in the iterative search process would adjust its flying velocity as well as position not only based on its own acquaintance but also other particles’ flying experience ... and data The choice of this function is very crucial since, based on this, PSO evaluates the quality of each candidate particle for driving the solution space to optimization Moreover, this function...
... so called local similarity function of every project feature The function f and Lsim() together define the structure of similarity function All types of similarity 38 ... classified into one of three complexity levels: low, average or high Then an integer complexity value is assigned to the function point based on the ordinal scale complexity classification Furthermore ... complexity values are added together to derive an unadjusted function point count (FPC) Additionally, this count is often adjusted by up to 14 technical complexity factors that account for a variety...
... (Productivity) • Năng suất số đơn vị đầu số làm việc • Trong SE, suất ước lượng số thuộc tính chia cho tổng số nỗ lực để phát triển: - Số đo kích thước (thí dụ số dòng lệnh) - Số đo chức (số chức ... mà mô hình không định nghĩa cách chặt chẽ Quy trình quản lý: mô hình trình định nghĩa (định hướng) Quy trình có phương pháp: số phương pháp phát triển định nghĩa Quy trình cải tiến: HUT, ... SE-VI.31 IV Các chủ đề tiên tiến khác • Phương pháp hình thức (Formal methods) • Công nghệ học phần mềm phòng (Cleanroom SE) • CNHPM hướng thành phần (CBSE) • CNHPM khách/chủ (Client/Server SE) • Kỹ...
... complexity and good ability for tracking the channel Hence, both problems are interconnected 10 The two basic one-dimensional pilot arrangements for OFDM system channel estimations which are block type ... AND SCOPE Comb type pilot arrangment was introduced to estimate the channel for OFDM system where this type of arrangment is so effective in the case of fast channel variation This type of estimation ... to obtain a good estimation for the channel, a good type of interpolation had to be applied besides taking into account the complexity of that type of interpolation Hence, this research study was...
... flexibility range; • the lower exploits robot versatility to grant manufacturing continuity by executional flexibility ruled by adaptive commands; productivity lowers, but production continuity is ... versatility of the joining units with the adaptivity of the material logistics; investment in fixtures needs be motivated by higher productivity and quality The choice of the assembly facility requires ... connection to robotics, for on-process and on-line adaptivity The emphasis toward product variety, constant quality, higher reliability, frequently updated design, shorter time-to-market, and...
... uncertainty and increasing the estimate’s accuracy The two techniques are complementary The first improves accountability by reporting the uncertainty The second improves accountability by dealing ... and costing methods typically belong to one of two types, or a combination of the two types: expert judgment or measurable items The expert judgment method relies on the ability of one or more ... determine a project’s productivity in new object points per person-month, the development environment’s maturity and capability, and the developer’s experience and capability in using the development...
... competence, confidentiality, integrity, and objectivity with respect to the Standards of Ethical Conduct for Management Accountants Basically, Elizabeth has a responsibility to perform professional ... Evaluation: Cost Variances Spoilage and Quality Management Chapter 20 Chapter Allocating Costs to Departments Chapter Activity-Based Costing Chapter Activity-Based Management Chapter 10 Allocating ... decide whether to use the new materials Management would also want to know the quality of materials and the reliability of the vendor 1–14 (20 min.) Cost data for managerial purposes: Technology,...
... = 10, 000 and αk = 1.0, the Bayesian similarity between these words is calculated as p1k × p2k k=1 The BC is also a similarity measure on probability distributions and is suitable for our purposes ... the selected contexts 5.4 Compared similarity measures We compared our Bayesian Bhattacharyya similarity measure, BCb , with the following similarity measures JS Jensen-Shannon divergence between ... Web-scale distributional similarity and entity set expansion In Proceedings of EMNLP 2009, pages 938–947 Ido Dagan, Fernando Pereira, and Lillian Lee 1994 Similarity-based estimation of word cooccurrence...
... Syntactic R u l e s s(i,k,e)Cvp(i,k,e) vp(i,k,e)Cnp(i,j,c,x) A vp(j,k,e) A depend( (c,e,x)d) vp( i,k,e)C np( i,j,x) A vp(j,k,e) A depend( (c,e,X)d) np(i,k,c,x)Cnp(i,j,x) A p(j,k,c) depend( (c,e,x)d)Cprag( ... w~ter(x)Csoseki(x) interpretation, assumption novel(N) (edge 21) is book(x)Cnovd(x) introduced, which is reused in the semantic intereommodity( ~ )C book(z) pretation In other words, a single assumption ... 42 '[[?]trade(B) j [?]commodity(N) [?]obj((B,N),) $2] wo((P,B,i)s,P) ' [intend(B) 43 i [?]person(N) [?]agt((s,g)s)$2°] ! i ga((P,B,Nl~,P ) 44 ' [trade(B) ' [?]commodity(N) [?]obj((B,N),) ~2] ~b...
... and its ability to capture the important characteristics of the system [9] In this article, we investigated parameter identifiability using a sensitivitybased orthogonal identifiability algorithm ... identifiability analysis arise depending on the availability of prior information on the parameter data The first is structural identifiability analysis and the second is posterior identifiability analysis ... method for parameter identifiability The orthogonal method for parameter identifiability proposed by Yao et al [10] is a method based on sensitivity analysis Sensitivity analysis is used for determining...
... as well as the BER [7] are minimized, while the lower bound on channel capacity [8,9] is maximized But the optimality of equi-distant and equi-powered pilot symbols does not necessarily hold true ... the design with l∞ norm However, the computational complexity of the design with l2 norm is quite lower than the computational complexity of the design with l ∞ norm, thereby making the former ... time-domain as Ohno et al EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking 2011, 2011:2 http://jwcn.eurasipjournals.com/content/2011/1/2 N−1 2π kn sk e N , j n ∈ [0, N − 1] (1) k=0 Assume that...
... their corresponding probes at time t For simplicity, let us assume that the number of probe molecules, n p , is greater than nt Then the probability that a free analyte molecule becomes captured ... also approximated using this discrete model; the first M − terms of the target density p(zm |zm−1 , θ) and the density of the importance sampler q(zm |zm−1 , θ) are identical and cancel each other ... transition density: μi = xi−1 + μ(xi−1 , θ, ti−1 )Δt, σi2 = σ (xi−1 , θ, ti−1 )Δt p(xi , z | xi−1 , θ) q(z)dz, q(z) m=1 where xi = zM and xi−1 = z0 and we use the Markov property of diffusion process...
... recognition community, this is probably the most adequate measure, since it 19 gives a direct feel for the quantity of errors that will occur as a proportion of the total quantity of notes present ... spectral magnitude information In this study, the additivity of linear spectrum is assumed as in most approaches in the literature Assuming additivity and spectral smoothness, the amplitudes of overlapped ... components were chosen for the Gaussian window of unity variance, N0,1 = (0.21, 0.58, 0.21)T , due to the small size of pc , which is limited by H Typical values for H are within the range H ∈ [5,...
... near the optimal solution [28] with computational complexity much less than simulated annealing In a practical scenario, time complexity is crucial For instance, if we consider an assembly line ... pixels at (x, y) and (u, v) This is also the typical energy function that uses MRF modeling Graph cuts can be used for minimization of only a certain type of energy functions Minimization via graph ... using the smoothness term with discontinuity preservation for edges In this case, a truncated linear prior as defined in [28] is used The discontinuity preservation depends on the choice of parameter...
... the same type (NMOS/PMOS), which means that one of the inputs has to be mirrored in order to perform the subtraction The type of the switches used (NMOS/PMOS) is dependent on the DAC-type and ... problems of interconnect complexity and analog inaccuracies On the other hand, this may lead to many new design challenges, that is, in terms of circuit complexity, power consumption and the implementation ... shows two examples of shift operations with the proposed connectivity The approach proposed here significantly simplifies the connectivity in the array, compared to the previously proposed methods [5,...