... pathology Intra-articular injection of PGN into murine joints triggered arthritis in a dose-dependent manner [17] A single injection of this compound caused massive infiltration of macrophages and ... supernatants, and 15 μg of protein from each fraction of culture supernatant per well (only from ATCC strain) Fibroblasts were cultured in an incubator containing a humidified atmosphere containing 5% ... components The profile was similar to that induced by a combination of IL-1/TNF, which might indicate the involvement of an inflammatory cytokine-mediated pathway in the observed induction of...
... observed increase in binding of SP1, but not Page of 14 of AP2, to the promoter region of COL1A2 in response to TGF-β (Figure 2c) Thus, the coordinated increase in COL1A1 and COL1A2 gene transcription ... Permission to perform this investigation was granted by the ethics committee of our institution Informed consent was obtained in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki Fibroblasts were maintained ... TGF-β-mediated increase in the production of type I collagen results from increased binding of transcription factors to three GC-rich SP1 sites (in the -303/-271 region) and one activation protein-1 (AP-1)...
... studying the role of IDO1 in controlling experimental infections [24-26], expression or functionality of genes encoding downstream enzymes in the KP have not been investigated in such cells Since ... that TNF-a treatment alone caused a pronounced and selective increase (almost 30-fold) in levels of transcripts encoding KYNU, suggesting a direct influence of TNF-a on expression of this gene ... these cytokines Indeed there is no consensus in earlier studies regarding the response of the KAT enzymes to IFN-g treatment Whereas increases in the levels of KAT and KAT were observed in fetal...
... studying the role of IDO1 in controlling experimental infections [24-26], expression or functionality of genes encoding downstream enzymes in the KP have not been investigated in such cells Since ... that TNF-a treatment alone caused a pronounced and selective increase (almost 30-fold) in levels of transcripts encoding KYNU, suggesting a direct influence of TNF-a on expression of this gene ... these cytokines Indeed there is no consensus in earlier studies regarding the response of the KAT enzymes to IFN-g treatment Whereas increases in the levels of KAT and KAT were observed in fetal...
... disruption of the MLL protein in a region that prevents any subsequent protein–protein interaction between the resulting MLL fusion proteins Thus, the MEN1 ⁄ LEDGF-interacting domain linked to DNA-binding ... phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain-tail of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II at serine and 5; phos- phorylation of DSIF (converts DSIF into an activator); and phosphorylation of components of ... cellular process P-TEFb binds to the N-terminal portion of AF4, whereas the C-terminal portion of AF4 confers binding to ENL and ⁄ or AF9 (which in turn binds to AF10 and DOT1L) Therefore, MLL–AF4,...
... inclusion of two pseudoexon sequences in the ATM and CFTR genes is strongly dependent on their availability in the single-stranded region [50] Interestingly, the same conclusion was reached in ... First, U1snRNP binding to an intronic splicing processing element has been found to inhibit pathological pseudoexon inclusion in intron 20 of the ATM gene (Fig 3C) Inactivation of this element ... deletion (GUAA) in the intronic region between exons 20 and 21 causes the insertion of a 65 nucleotide long pseudoexon (C) Functional analysis has demonstrated that this deletion abolished binding...
... suppression and retinal cell differentiation [16] The expression of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in neural and non-neural tumours [26] and the amplification of their genes in leukaemias ... erythrocytes in the extent of binding with the lectins concanavalin A, Lens culinaris agglutinin 4522 (LCA), and Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA) (Fig 3), ruled out the blood origin and supported ... cytochemical staining of acetylcholinesterase in the capsule of Bowman [41] andof acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in the glomerulus and the tubule, which is stronger for acetylcholinesterase...
... Figure Effect of retinoids on interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β)-induced expression of Effect synovial fibroblasts IL-6 inof retinoids on interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β)-induced expression of IL-6 in synovial ... dependent of RXR activation Using mRNA silencing of RAR subtypes and selective agonists of RAR-α, β, or -γ, we showed that the inhibitory potency of ATRA on IL6 was independent of RAR activation Finally, ... regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/ 2) and activation of AP-1 andof NF-IL-6, but not of NF-κB These data demonstrate that ATRA suppressed the IL-1induced production of IL-6 in an RAR-independent manner by inhibiting...
... d, demonstrating more intense GAG staining in the deep non-lesioned OA cartilage regions and less intense staining in lesioned cartilage (Figure 1d) compared with the superficial non-lesioned ... sampling locations at the lesion and remote from the lesion yielding cartilage specimens from deep and superficial non-lesioned areas (b) Comparison of modified Mankin scores for both lesioned and ... were wrapped in aluminum foil and stored at -80°C until cryosectioning (8-μmthick sections), and sections were stored in standard slide boxes wrapped in aluminum foil At least one section per specimen...
... 3D) of podocyte specific marker proteins (integrin α3β1 or podocin) we confirmed that cells isolated from the urine are podocytes In addition, by intracellular FACS staining using ADAM10 and ... by incubating the tissue sections for 20 in 0.01 M sodium citrate buffer, pH 6.0, in a microwave oven (500 Watt) After incubation with blocking buffer (0.1% Triton X-100/PBS containing 1% BSA and ... expressed in podocytes and found in elevated levels in the urine of patients with glomerular diseases needs further investigation to clarify the involvement of this molecule in the developmentof glomerular...
... p53-dependent signals, like the induction of Bax and direct inhibition of Bcl2, may synergize with p53-independent signals including the induction of Bim to antagonize Bcl2 function and promote apoptosis ... overexpression of DDB2 using an adenovirus system increased the level of cFLIP in HR18 cells (Fig 3B) In this case, increased expression of DDB2 was noticed 24 hrs following virus infection, whereas ... irradiation Figure Stimulation of cFLIP expression and attenuation of UV sensitivity by forced expression of DDB2 (A) Overexpression of cFLIP in HR3 cells The plotted values represent means ± S.D of...
... protein and SNP genotypes Our data confirm and extend the findings of Purohit and co-workers [30], who reported a lack of association between CT60 genotype and sCTLA-4 levels On the other hand, ... sCTLA-4 in blood plasma for the purpose of determining whether there was an association with common SNPs within the CTLA-4 and ICOS regions of human chromosome 2q33 No evidence of an association between ... and autoimmune pancreatitis [25] In a landmark study of SNP analysis within a 330 kb region of chromosome 2q33 containing CD28, CTLA-4 and the ICOS gene regions in type I diabetics, Ueda et al...
... Foundation (Finland), the Academy of Finland, the Finnish Anti-Tuberculosis Association Foundation (Finland), and the Medical Research Funds of Tampere University Hospital (Finland) and Seinäjoki ... in the presence of survival-prolonging cytokines IL-5 inhibited human eosinophil apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner and maximal inhibition of apoptosis was obtained at 0.3 ng/ml concentration ... apoptosis in the presence of IL-5 (Figure 6A) This suggests that the antagonism of the actions of survival-prolonging cytokines IL-5 and GM-CSF in both cell types and the antagonism of the actions of...
... the findings for BCG-DNA for both AM and IM, i.e high TNF-a induction and absence of IL10 induction in AM contrasting a distinct IL10 response in IM Taken together, these data obtained on mRNA ... populations with LPS and then determined induction of cytokine mRNA Though we observed an increase in TNF-a, IL10 and IL6 mRNA in both cell types, the extent of TNF-a induction observed in IM was ... were used instead of FACS buffer I Intracellular staining of CD68 was done using the IntraStain Reagents (Dako, Carpinteria, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions The stained cells...
... study conception and design, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data, and drafting or critical revision of the manuscript or both CK and RWK contributed to study conception and ... analysis and interpretation of data, and drafting or critical revision of the manuscript or both SL contributed to acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data, and drafting and critical ... cell-containing implants and cell-free in situ regeneration Additional material Additional file 1: Additional data concerning the differentiation status of chondrocyte micromasses The file contains...
... paracrine loop in human liver that may play a role in the regulation of intra-hepatic inflammation and reinforces the concept of a major role of liver myofibroblasts in the regulation of intra-hepatic ... expression was detected as a continuous sinusoidal staining andin the stroma of portal tracts (Fig 7A) In the cirrhotic liver, the sinusoidal staining was enhanced, whereas a very faint staining ... a number of mediators involved in the control of inflammation, such as monocyte chemotactic-1 protein [19], or platelet-activating factor [20] Expression of LIF by myofibroblasts andof its receptor...
... promoter prediction Improving promoter prediction by incorporating both mRNA annotation and promoter conservation information We are able to combine the conservation signal in homologous promoters ... Distribution of conservation scores in promoter alignments Distribution of conservation scores in promoter alignments (a) Pairwise promoter alignments of human-rodent and mouse-rat non-orthologous ... sequences Using this cutoff, we identified 76 known promoter triplets, and the distribution of conservation score is shown in Figure 1d In the genome, functional regions (such as coding regions) are...
... Lipofectamine 2000 Lipofectamine PLUS Metafectene Lipofectin GenePORTER LipoGen Roche Invitrogen Invitrogen Biontex Invitrogen Gene Therapy Solutions Invivo and µg and µg 0.8 and 1.6 µg and µg and ... therapeutic option and prove suitable for the treatmentof cardiovascular disease, and informations regarding optimization of transfection conditions in order to improve transfection efficiency and reduce ... http://www.gvt-journal.com/content/3/1/2 regarding optimization and selection of transfection conditions for the cell types tested Methods The use of cationic liposome/DNA complexes (lipofection) for gene transfer into...
... studies are conducted in various countries or regions to determine a broad range of internal chemical concentrations in general populations, like the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys ... declining and may actually be increasing concurrently with decreasing exposure levels” Another 1.1 Human Biomonitoring problem in evaluating environmental exposures is the expense of measuring ... estimator based on individual data alone ix List of Tables 2.1 Estimates of group-specific 95th percentiles using individual data based on nonparametric method and log-normal assumption, and using pooled...