melanism in the rock pocket mouse
Population Genetics for Animal Conservation potx
... nodes) in the graph represent the different variables in the model The frequencies of the alleles are denoted by θ The node associated with θ is unshaded, representing the fact that the values of the ... that of inferring the values of the Wi variables On the other hand, estimating the proportion of fish from different populations is just the process of inferring the value of π Finally, if desired, ... single location However, the capacity to detect cryptic structure declines as the degree of admixture of the individuals in the sample increases (Falush et al 2003) In other words, if most individuals...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Distribution of class I, III and IV alcohol dehydrogenase mRNAs in the adult rat, mouse and human brain ppt
... in brain tissue Regarding retinoid metabolism in the adult brain, enzymes other than ADH4 must be active, because in vivo and in vitro data indicate that adult brain tissue, in particularly the ... retinol to retinal, providing the first step on the way to retinoic acid [31] The brain must thus rely on the activity of other enzymes, for example ADH3 or other members of the medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase ... drinking [30] Retinoic acid has been implicated in many important functions during development, including development of the brain [31,32] Accordingly, Adh4 expression has been detected in the...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Characterization of the serotoninergic system in the C57BL/6 mouse skin potx
... This indicates that serotonin degradation in the skin includes its oxidative deamination The H2O2 produced during this reaction may also be used for the oxidation of serotonin and other indoleamines, ... NAS in skin physiology In summary, we present the molecular and biochemical characterization of the apparatus producing and metabolizing serotonin and N-acetylserotonin in the skin of C57BL/6 mouse ... tissues including the skin, and expression of the NAT-1 gene has been demonstrated by in situ hybridization in rat skin [36–38] Therefore, we suggest that serotonin and tryptamine acetylation by skin...
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báo cáo hóa học: " Reduced inflammation accompanies diminished myelin damage and repair in the NG2 null mouse spinal cord" potx
... demyelinated lesions Our finding of changes in cytokine expression following NG2 ablation may also be important in understanding changes in demyelination and remyelination in the NG2 null mouse ... corresponding delay in axon myelination [24] We have used lysolecithin-induced demyelination of the spinal cord to examine the possibility that ablation of NG2 also impedes repair of myelin damage in the ... of NG2 in multiple cell types during the processes of demyelination and remyelination Following microinjection of L-a-lysolecithin into the spinal cord white matter, we have investigated the activation,...
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báo cáo hóa học:" Progressive obesity leads to altered ovarian gene expression in the Lethal Yellow mouse: a microarray study" pptx
... of particular interest due to the opposing action of their protein products and divergence in their expression in obese LY mice These enzymes interconvert corticosterone to its inactive metabolite ... [31-33] Furthermore, hepatic lipase and Star expression can be modulated by insulin [34,35] and leptin [34,36] The hyperinsulinemia/insulin-resistance of the obese LY mice may contribute to the elevated ... by hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance [37] Moreover, leptin bi-phasically modulates granulosa cell Star expression [36] An interesting and unexpected finding was the reciprocal shift in Hsd11b1...
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Báo cáo y học: "Hepatocyte growth factor ameliorates dermal sclerosis in the tight-skin mouse model of scleroderma" doc
... scleroderma model mouse, we examined the mRNA expression of these cytokines HGF gene transfection significantly inhibited the expression of IL-4 and TGF-β1 mRNA in the spleen and skin but not in the lung ... tight skin Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests Authors' contributions T Iwasaki conceived the study, participated in the design and co-ordination of the ... endothelial injury (thrombomodulin) and interstitial lung injury (KL-6), suggesting that elevation of serum HGF counteracts the endothelial and interstitial lung injury caused by SSc [24] The...
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Báo cáo y học: "Analysis of C4 and the C4 binding protein in the MRL/lpr mouse" pptx
... preventing the formation of the C3 convertase by binding to C4b; accelerating the natural decay of the classical pathway C3 convertase; and as a cofactor for the serine proteinase factor I in the ... each other and to one β chain Other isoforms contain either seven α chains without a β chain or six α chains with one β chain The α chain is composed of eight complement control protein domains, ... activity The structure of murine C4bp differs from its human ortholog The mouse protein lacks the β chain [23] and the murine α chain lacks two complement control protein domains and four cysteines...
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báo cáo khoa học: " Increased hepatic oxidative metabolism distinguishes the action of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor d from Peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor g in the ob/ob mouse" ppt
... gluconeogenesis), glycine, glutamate, glutamine, alanine, proline and valine, and the amino acids that are glucogenic and ketogenic, threonine, tyrosine and phenylalanine, were increased in the PPARδ agonist ... concurrent increase in the pathways product 4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid Two steps in the pathway are again catalyzed by the ∆ 6desaturase Also, the final step in the pathway, the formation ... Within the treated skeletal muscle the concentrations of adenine were decreased and those of adenosines and ribose sugars from the adenosines were increased Therefore, the decrease in amino acids...
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Báo cáo y học: "Quantifying the major mechanisms of recent gene duplications in the human and mouse genomes: a novel strategy to estimate gene duplication rates" docx
... according to the stringent definition; if d ≤ 11, then two genes belong to a TAG according to the nonstringent definition We then clustered two-gene TAGs into larger TAGs by using a single linkage ... genes in TAGs as a function of Ks were plotted in R [46] in both two-copy gene families and in the entire genome The interval of the data points in terms of Ks of the curves is 0.01 Because initially ... shown in Table (a) TAGs in two-copy families The NEW gene set is plotted in bold broken lines, the linear functions of which are Hn and Mn (red) The FAM2 gene set was plotted in bold lines, the linear...
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Báo cáo y học: " Gene expression regulation in the context of mouse interspecific mosaic genomes" pdf
... not altered in the B6 background of the strains These data suggest a mechanism explaining the difference in gene expression characterizing the M spretus fragments in a B6 context These may be ... differences in the promoter sequences that alter their interaction with the relevant transcription factor(s), either due to the modification of the binding sequence, or the number of binding sites, ... MMU15) In the rest of the study, we will consider the combination of the 11 segments of M spretus origin present in the three IRCSs as a whole Overall, the proportion of dysregulated genes in the...
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Role of SPHK2S1P signalling in regulating mitochondrial function in the MPTP induced mouse model of parkinsons disease and in the MPP treated MN9D cells
... cascade in the MPTP induced mouse model of Parkinson’s disease Experimental Biology 2012 Meeting in Boston, MA Dysregulated Sphk1, Sphk2 and their receptors in the brain of MPTPinduced mouse ... implicated in PD pathogenesis, the expression pattern of TNFα and iNOS in the SNc of the MPTP-induced mouse model was analysed It was observed that there was an increase in the levels of XX TNF and iNOS ... Symptoms The substantia nigra of the midbrain contains thedopaminergic neurons which produce dopamine Dopamine is a neurotransmitter responsible for coordinating movements In Parkinson’s disease, there...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Treatment of neutral glycosphingolipid lysosomal storage diseases via inhibition of the ABC drug transporter, MDR1 Cyclosporin A can lower serum and liver globotriaosyl ceramide levels in the Fabry mouse model doc
... also evident in the Fabry mice (Fig 7A) The VT1 binding in the Fabry mouse lung (Fig 7C) was increased in the bronchiolar epithelium Staining of bronchiolar epithelial cells in the lung was significantly ... endothelial staining in Fabry mouse; (C, D) lung – epithelial cell staining increased in Fabry mouse; (E, F) brain microvascular endothelial staining in Fabry mouse Magnification ·16 no VT1 staining of ... although the VT1 staining of renal tubules is dramatically increased in the Fabry mouse (Fig 3A), compared with the sporadic VT1 staining seen in the wild-type animal [13], the glomeruli of Fabry mouse...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Characterization of the promoter for the mouse a3 integrin gene Involvement of the Ets-family of transcription factors in the promoter activity doc
... assay (EMSA) using the Ets consensus site at )133 As the involvement of the Ets consensus binding site at )133 in the promoter activity of the mouse a3 integrin gene was suggested by the luciferase ... The introduction of mutation into one of the putative Etsbinding sequences suppressed the promoter activity In addition, the specific binding of a nuclear protein to the oligonucleotide containing ... triplicate, and the error bars indicate the standard deviation attempted to introduce mutations into these sequences As shown in Fig 8, the introduction of mutation into one of the Ets-binding sequences...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Investigating the role of the invariant carboxylate residues E552 and E1197 in the catalytic activity of Abcb1a (mouse Mdr3) docx
... in the glutamine (length of the side chain maintained) and asparagine (shorter side chain) mutants, then trapping in the absence of Vi now occurs [39] (Fig 3); this is also the case when the ... Another notable feature of the single-site IC mutants (including the glutamine substitutions) [39] is the fact that, in the absence of Vi (± drugs) labeling of the enzymes with the mutation in ... ATPase-inactivating mutation of the Walker A lysine (K1072R) (Q ⁄ R) Finally, the third doublemutant contains the E fi Q mutation in NBD2 and the ATPase inactivating mutation of the Walker A lysine...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Structural and functional consequences of single amino acid substitutions in the pyrimidine base binding pocket of Escherichia coli CMP kinase pdf
... platform around which the short a-helical LID domain, situated in the C-terminal moiety, and the NMP-binding (NMPbind) domain move in an induced-t mechanism, closing upon binding of the phosphate donor ... further explore the contribution of these amino acids interacting with the pyrimidine ring to the catalysis of E coli CMP kinase Substitution of the side chain from a well-structured protein ... Electron-density map of the dCMP-binding region for the R188M CMP kinase variant The Fo ) Fc omit map calculated for the dCMPR188M CMP kinase complex in the absence of the dCMP model is green The contour...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Secondary structure assignment of mouse SOCS3 by NMR defines the domain boundaries and identifies an unstructured insertion in the SH2 domain pdf
... have the PEST motif within the SH2 domain, while SOCS1, -5 and -7 contain PEST motifs in the N-terminal domain The PEST sequence in the CIS SH2 domain is located eight residues downstream from the ... contain lysine, arginine or histidine The X-ray structures of several proteins containing PEST sequences have been determined, but in each case the electron density of the PEST sequence is missing ... to their role in blocking the activation of downstream signalling intermediates, the SOCS proteins may also act by directing the degradation of bound signalling molecules [11] As the C-terminal...
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Báo cáo khoa học: New members of the brachyurins family in lobster include a trypsin-like enzyme with amino acid substitutions in the substrate-binding pocket potx
... different trypsins in the digestive gland of the spiny lobster Panulirus argus EF1-a was used as the housekeeping gene The same results were obtained when using b-actin as the housekeeping gene (not ... at the junction of the two barrels Another conserved characteristic of lobster trypsins is the presence of calcium-binding sites (Fig 3C) The calcium-binding motif does not occur in many invertebrate ... despite the presence of calcium-binding sites, Ca2+ affected neither the activity nor the stability of crab trypsin because there are no accessible autolysis sites in the N-terminal domain, which...
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Báo cáo khoa học: The relative contribution of mannose salvage pathways to glycosylation in PMI-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblast cells pdf
... the percentage of glycosylated protein in cells decreased to 64% and the total amount of glycoprotein dropped to nearly half the initial amount On the other hand, the amount of glycoprotein in ... screening of the biosynthesis of glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum [31] Indeed, the glycosylation efficiency in PMI-null cells was reduced to almost zero both by swainsonine and bafilomycin ... glycoprotein in cells As shown in Fig 5E, although the total amount of protein in cells decreased to 87% after 48 h of incubation, the amount of glycoprotein decreased more The results of culturing...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Identification of an antibacterial protein as L-amino acid oxidase in the skin mucus of rockfish Sebastes schlegeli pot
... glycoprotein consisting of 75-kDa subunits by SDS ⁄ PAGE, partly because of the scarcity of the protein of interest In this study therefore we isolated the antibacterial protein, SSAP, from the skin ... of rock sh skin mucus at nucleotide 2027 An ORF is composed of 1662 bp, encoding a precursor protein of 554 amino-acid residues from the putative initiating Met to the putative last Leu The amino-acid ... against enteric bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, suggesting the importance of the antibacterial protein as a primary innate immune strategy in the rock sh skin In...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Dual expression of mouse and rat VRL-1 in the dorsal root ganglion derived cell line F-11 and biochemical analysis of VRL-1 after heterologous expression pptx
... corresponded to the rat brain control, and the faster migrating band to the N18TG2 control (Fig 5) The existence of both rat and mouse VRL-1 in the same cell was confirmed by F-11 single cell RT-PCR In all ... cell line by the DRG cell occurs Rat and mouse VRL-1 cDNA are 92% identical On protein level five amino acids located near the N-terminus are missing in the rat VRL-1 as compared to its mouse ... construct coding for a VRL-1-GFP fusion protein was prepared by cloning the open reading frame of rVRL-1 from rat brain RNA without the last codon for amino acid P761 and the stop codon into pcDNA3.1/CT-GFP-TOPO...
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