... on their level of abnormal accruals for the year 1996: the group with the highest positive (income-increasing) accruals, the group with the highest negative (income-decreasing) accruals, and the ... the group with the highest positive (income-increasing) accruals, AEM– is the group with the highest negative (income-decreasing) accruals, and LEM is the group with the accruals closest to The ... monitor ofthe [financial reporting] process.” The committee may reduce opportunistic earnings management by “evaluating the competence and independence ofthe external auditors,” by engaging in...
... audit quality and earnings quality in the early years ofthe audit engagement Overall, results of archival studies in the U.S setting provide no evidence of a deterioration of earnings quality ... and Burgstahler etal (2006) While they find that financial reporting of private companies is of lower quality than that of public companies, our results suggests that the earnings quality of private ... determining the effect of long tenure In later work, Chen etal (2008) use the absolute value of discretionary accruals and signed discretionary accruals to proxy for earnings quality They find...
... performance: The role of accounting accruals Journal of Accounting and Economics 18 (1): 3-42 ., and I D Dichev 2002 The quality of accruals and earnings: The role of accrual estimation errors The Accounting ... underlying the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board‘s proposal to disclose the name ofthe engagement partner in the audit report – that the disclosure ofthe engagement audit partner could provide ... PT and FT is insignificant Taken together, these findings suggest that for private companies, longer audit partner tenure enhances earnings quality by constraining the reporting of extreme positive...
... (high) effort 41.1% (58.9%) ofthe time, the manager gets an expected payoff of 2.43, regardless of what the manager chooses Likewise, if the manager chooses conservative (aggressive) reporting ... Libby etal 2002) The neutral labels control against roleplaying, hypothesis guessing, or other demand effects, while still maintaining the economic realities and strategic tensions ofthe auditors’ ... informally with managers (e .g. , engagement partners vs concurring partners and other audit team members) Supplemental Analyses of H2 Additional (untabulated) analysis ofthe content of chat confirms...
... the quality of these models Therefore, the empirical tests in the paper have to be interpreted as joint tests ofthe quality ofthe set of economic determinants, the functional form of accruals ... discretionary accruals Journal of Accounting and Economics 25 (1): 35-67 ———, and C W Park 2001 The reversal of abnormal accruals and the market valutation of earnings surprises The Accounting Review 76 ... first half of year t and the second half of year t - 1; , = change in short-term debt between the first half of year t and the second half of year t - ; = total assets at the end of year t –...
... lower than continuing audit engagements, which is consistent with the interpretation that these engagements were low-balled compared to continuing engagements in the post-regulation period The LTA ... (Postreg_Cont = Prereg_Cont) F-test (Postreg_Short = Prereg_Short) F-test (Postreg_Long = Prereg_Long) F-test (Postreg_Cont =Postreg_Short) F-test (Postreg_Cont =Postreg_Long) F-test (Postreg_Long ... differences in the significance of our results or the conclusions reached, suggesting there was pre-reaction ofthe firms prior to the actual change of regulation.21 Changes in audit quality and fees...
... one ofthe few countries in the Middle East to realize the importance of coping with the new trends of change occurring in the world It is the first Arab country to join the Board of Directors of ... minimizing the agency conflict Ownership structure is also considered one ofthe factors that affect the quality ofthe financial reporting process According to Eng and Mak (2003), the structure of ... controlled by the different standards and regulations governing the disclosure of accounting to be followed and the degree of flexibility of their applicability One important consequence of these differences...
... presents the average global overall rating for all countries evaluated by GMI Average ratings are computed for the August 2004 evaluation All firms (financials and non-financials) are included accountability, ... coefficient of 0.87 Similar high correlations are found for the other categories when comparing home and global categories (i.e., the diagonal ofthe lower left quadrant), ranging between 0.70 ... that country.2 The ratings for each category are combined to produce weighted average overall ratings: one global overall rating and one home overall rating For Japan, GMI constructed ratings for...
... measure, Doidge etal (2009) proxy them through the use of voting rights They contend that a higher level of voting rights indicates a controlling shareholder who is capable of expropriating wealth from ... and it is generally regarded as the impetus for the current development of national codes of corporate governance The findings of Lang etal (2006), that non-US firms crosslisting in the US are ... facilitate the sale of control blocks, not to enhance the quality of their corporate governance by bonding to another country’s legal system Bozec (2007) examines the interplay between market integration...
... One ofthe main goals ofthe International Commission on Stratigraphy and its predecessors under the International Geological Congresses (IGC) has been to unite the individual regional scales ... formally defined Stage ~ 521 * Colors are according to the Commission for the Stage Geological Map ofthe World (www.cgmw.org) ~ 528 * Terreneuvian The listed numerical ages are from 'A Geologic ... efforts ofthe subcommissions ofthe ICS and other stratigraphic and regional experts A Geologic Time Scale 201 At the time of this writing, a major comprehensive update ofthe Geologic Time Scale...
... for changes in price levels They not measure the cost of replacing the assets, the value ofthe fixed assets to the company, or the amounts that could be obtained if these assets were sold Company-developed ... SPEs Incorrect Income Recognition Several ofthe SPEs paid Enron fees for guarantees on loans made by the SPEs Although GAAP requires recognition of revenue only over the period ofthe guarantees, ... practices ofthe SEC than to an apparent worsening of corporate accounting practices Nonetheless, it is also significant that the number of very large public companies at the center of major accounting...
... Housing and Urban Development, various components ofthe Federal Reserve System, and the Congressional Budget Office, Joint Economic Committee, and Office of Technology Assessment ofthe U.S Congress ... FDICIA The regulators have a great deal of discretion The specified capital-asset ratio is just the final trigger The regulators can also downgrade banks on the basis of regular or special examinations ... result, the Glass-Steagall Bill, dominated capital markets regulation in this country until the passage ofthe Garn-St Germain Bill and other pieces of deregulatory (and re-regulatory) legislation...
... firm value in emerging markets? A second goal of this paper is to contribute to the literature on the connection between firm-level governance and firm market values in emerging markets A number of ... book value of common stock Book value of assets Market-to-book ratio Book value of assets Market value of equity Debt/equity Debt/assets Years listed Sales growth R&D/sales Advertising/sales Exports/sales ... [book value of debt + book value of preferred stock + market value of common stock]/book value of assets Market value/book value of common stock We drop 17 firms with negative, zero or missing book...
... element of competition policy in the transition economies Another area of government policy that affects competition is competition law Although the goals, approach and scope of competition law ... managing the company and supervising the management ofthe company According to Goergen etal (17), the management board is legally entrenched with terms typically lasting for five years Only the supervisory ... structure ofthe capital market in the economy, but also to analyze the legal and regulatory framework of corporate governance In this paper, I focus specifically on how changes in the legal framework...
... various geographic segments However, there is no guarantee that the other offices that aided in the audit ofthe various geographic segments also followed AA, thereby potentially limiting the cost ... is the natural logarithm of total assets (data6) TRANSPARENCY is the descending rank ofthe absolute value ofthe residual from a cross sectional regression of annual returns on ROA, changes ... descending rank ofthe absolute value ofthe residual from a cross sectional regression of annual returns on ROA, changes in earnings, SIZE, and industry fixed effects COMPLEX is the geographic sales...
... diversification COMPLEX accounts for the number of geographic segments and the degree of diversity in sales across these segments While a greater number of geographic segments leads to higher values of COMPLEX, ... rank of absolute value of residual from regression of annual returns on annual earnings (#18), and changes in annual earnings, both scaled by total assets (#6) and SIZE; TotalSales Segmenti COMPLEX ... This suggests the agency costs borne by following AA outweighed the benefits of reduced switching costs It also suggests that companies for whom agency concerns are the most acute consider the independence...
... in the first years ofthe engagement The rotation can lead the market to competition based on the quality ofservices which can lead to a growth in the number of competent firms According to the ... Journal of Practice & Theory The Accounting Review International journal of accounting auditing and taxation Journal of accounting and public policy Accounting Horizons Journal of accounting ... are analyzed with regard to three topics: the value ofthe relationship with the client, the value of all other contracts and the value of a potential contract Following the author’s reasoning,...
... the natural log of total assets, LEV is the ratio of liabilities to assets, CLEV is the percentage change in LEV during the year, RETURN is the percentage change in the book value of net assets ... natural log of total assets; LEV is the ratio of liabilities to assets; CLEV is the percentage change in LEV during the year; RETURN is the percentage change in the book value of net assets over the ... change in accounts receivable during the year scaled by lagged total assets, PPE is the gross property, plant and equipment scaled by lagged total assets, Growth is the ratio of next year’s sales...
... depending on the consumers’ utility ofthe attribute The ‘quality’ of an economic good or service can therefore be viewed as the sum ofthe values placed on the desired attributes contained in the good ... financial savings (economies of scale) and a higher concentration of clients, they will make better judgements and therefore provide audits of higher quality Further, studies by Craswell etal (1995), ... A Kilgore, R Radich & G Harrison the greatest average utility value to the level ‘Less than 30% of audit fees’ The result regarding the average utility value is not surprising given the significant...