low efficiency days versus high efficiency days
Diffusion controlled growth of semiconductor nanowires vapor pressure versus high vacuum deposition
... length on the substrate surface is 1.23 times higher for AlGaAs because of lower surface density of islands, although diffusivity of Al atoms itself is much lower than that of Ga Length of nanowire ... diffusion flux to the wire base and the solutions become more complex Also, there is a lower bound for radius R, below which the wire growth can not be described by the diffusion Eqs (1)–(3) Namely, ... Gibbs–Thomson effect considerably lowers the growth rate of very thin wires and should be taken into consideration Using the estimates of Ref [24], the value of Rmin decreases at higher supersaturations...
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LOW INTEREST RATES AND HIGH ASSET PRICES: AN INTERPRETATION IN TERMS OF CHANGING POPULAR MODELS doc
... Low Interest Rates and High Asset Prices: An Interpretation in Terms of Changing Popular Economic Models By Robert J Shiller October, 2007 Low Interest Rates and High Asset Prices: ... rates were very high with today, we might say that lower nominal interest rates are indeed a factor in the relatively higher asset prices we see today The money-illusion theory that low nominal interest ... Low Interest Rates and High Asset Prices: An Interpretation in Terms of Changing Popular Economic Models1 By Robert J Shiller It is widely discussed that we appear to be living in an era of low...
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Báo cáo khoa học: " Comparative analysis between a low pathogenic and a high pathogenic influenza H5 hemagglutinin in cell entry" pptx
... Sequence alignment of uncleaved low pathogenic H5N2 HA USDA and high pathogenic H5N1 HA Qinghai (QH) Sequence alignment of uncleaved low pathogenic H5N2 HA USDA and high pathogenic H5N1 HA Qinghai ... between a highly pathogenic H5 HA and a low pathogenic H5 HA at the level of entry It has been established that the cleavage site sequence of the HA0 protein is linked to pathogenicity, with highly ... single arginine at this site [9] We proposed that the major difference between the highly pathogenic HA and the low pathogenic HA at the entry level is their ability to be cleaved and activated...
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Báo cáo y học: " Recently published papers: Renal support in acute kidney injury is low dose the new high dose" doc
... least days; these were classified as the ‘success’ group The remaining 216 patients were classified as the ‘repeat-RRT’ group Those in the ‘success’ group had a lower hospital mortality (28.5% versus ... primary outcome being death from any cause at 90 days, secondary outcomes were the usual suspects of need for mechanical ventilation, death within 28 days, death in ICU and cessation of renal replacement ... primary outcome, with 44.7% of patients dying in the first 90 days after randomization Encouragingly, 94.4% of patients who did survive to 90 days no longer required dialysis with similar rates of renal...
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push to low approach for optimization high density perfusion cultures of animal cells
... enables one to define the zone of high D and low X (high CSPR, low titer, and low RT) and the zone of low D and high X (low specific perfusion rate, high titer, and high RT) These “natural” limitations ... efficient processes operating at high cell densities in the range 40–80 × 106 cells/mL (providing high volumetric productivity) and ultralow specific perfusion rates below 0.05 nL/cell/day (providing ... decrease of the cell-specific perfusion rate to below 0.05 nL/cell/day, resulting in high, batch-like titers The potential for high titer, combined with high volumetric productivity, stable performance...
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Analysis and performance of high efficiency synchronous reluctance machines
... of the machine, high reluctance in the quadrature axis and low reluctance in the direct axis It is now well known fact that RSM output increases with high Xd and low Xq (i.e high Xd/Xq) The reluctance ... earlier, the basic criteria for a good design is to have a high saliency ratio (Ld/Lq) accompanied by a high (Ld-Lq), i.e a high Ld and low Lq Finite element package is employed to compute the ... saliency ratio or λ = Ld with both high Ld Lq and (Ld-Lq), the inductance difference The classical expression (equation 2) for air gap torque can be rewritten as follows: T =mpI d I q ( Ld − Lq )...
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The impact of related variety on regional employment growth in Finland 1993- 2006: high-tech versus medium/low-tech potx
... unrelated variety, no low- andmedium-tech related variety, and much high- tech related variety An equal amount of unrelated variety, low- and-medium-tech related variety and high- tech related variety ... 72120 Establishments: 318 … etc … etc … etc … etc Low- and-mediumtech related variety Low- and-mediumtech related variety High- tech related variety High- tech related variety Appendix 3: Descriptive ... sectors that not necessarily have a high R&D intensity, i.e knowledge- and innovation-intensive sectors This classification is commonly used to separate high- tech from low- and-medium-tech sectors in...
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BANK EFFICIENCY, OWNERSHIP AND MARKET STRUCTURE WHY ARE INTEREST SPREADS SO HIGH IN UGANDA? potx
... with higher spreads Higher overhead costs are also associated with higher ex-post margins, while banks with higher share of agricultural lending report lower margins Larger banks charge lower ... overhead costs, higher lending in agriculture, lower lending to mining and domestic ownership are associated with higher spreads Higher 16 overhead costs are also associated with higher margins, ... results suggest that a higher share of agricultural loans is associated with higher spreads but lower margins, suggesting that agricultural loans are more risky – implying a higher risk premium,...
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high efficiency excitation of plasmonic waveguides with vertically integrated resonant bowtie apertures
... use of nanoscale bowtie apertures Our approach achieves a high coupling efficiency between optical far field and plasmonic waveguide High efficiency coupling between far field optical source and ... for vertically coupling far field light sources into nanoscale waveguides with high efficiency The key to this high efficiency is the resonant excitation of the bowtie aperture With proper design, ... portions of the structure because of its low losses at these wavelengths Fused silica is used for the dielectric because of its low permittivity which gives a high contrast to silver The spectral...
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ridge aperture antenna array as a high efficiency coupler for photovoltaic applications
... thickness dependent, and is higher in thinner films Figure shows that smaller apertures, where a greater portion of the surface is blocked by silver, have a lower efficiency The efficiency is nearly ... the surface with high efficiency. 7 In this letter we optimize an array of these apertures to maximize the fraction of the light absorbed by a thin silicon film This involves lowering the reflection, ... allows the semiconductor deposited on and supported by inexpensive substrates such as glass, which further reduces the manufacturing and handling costs The low- cost, long-term availability, low- toxicity,...
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ridge aperture antenna array as a high efficiency coupler for photovoltaic applications
... thickness dependent, and is higher in thinner films Figure shows that smaller apertures, where a greater portion of the surface is blocked by silver, have a lower efficiency The efficiency is nearly ... the surface with high efficiency. 7 In this letter we optimize an array of these apertures to maximize the fraction of the light absorbed by a thin silicon film This involves lowering the reflection, ... allows the semiconductor deposited on and supported by inexpensive substrates such as glass, which further reduces the manufacturing and handling costs The low- cost, long-term availability, low- toxicity,...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " The role of different methanogen groups evaluated by Real-Time qPCR as high-efficiency bioindicators of wet anaerobic co-digestion of organic waste" ppt
... (TS) content lower than 8% The mixing and treating actions are performed by a rotating plate with hummers placed at the bottom of the turbo-mixing chamber that, when rotating at high velocity, ... tests were run over two consecutive hydraulic retention times of 20 days for each organic loading rate: one to ensure the highest replacement parts of the material inside the reactors and the ... were used for the following steps Total DNA was extracted from 0.25 g of this particulate matter (residue humidity was equal to 31 ± 5%) using the PowerSoil DNA Isolation Kit following by UltraClean...
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ENERGY EFFICIENCY – A BRIDGE TO LOW CARBON ECONOMY docx
... toward new low carbon bio-age The book has sections: Section I Section II Section III Section IV Policy issues Energy efficiency on demand side Energy efficiency in buildings Energy efficiency ... developed to analyze closed systems But cities are mainly driven by external flows: energy flows, material flows, information flows, etc Cities are not closed systems Cities exist because of their openness ... the sap flow will be entirely compensated through the upper and lower levels of veins: the leaf survives Fig A tree structure (Portoghesi, 1999) 32 Energy Efficiency – A Bridge to Low Carbon...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Xylem hydraulic efficiency versus vulnerability in seedlings of four contrasting Mediterranean tree species (Cedrus atlantica, Cupressus sempervirens, Pinus halepensis and Pinus nigra)" ppsx
... of sustaining high transpiration without development of lethal xylem tensions (high Ks and Kl, and low ΨPLC50 [13] as in C sempervirens) Even P halepensis which had relatively low xylem conductivity ... During the Mediterranean summer, high evaporative demand leads to high transpiration and an increase in xylem tension A large hydraulic conductivity helps to support high transpiration and may be ... trade-off between efficiency and safety A trade-off was found when two Mediterranean oaks (Quercus ilex and Q pubescens) were compared [26] Q ilex displayed both lower conductivity and lower vulnerability...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Efficiency of 7.2% hypertonic saline hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 versus mannitol 15% in the treatment of increased intracranial pressure in neurosurgical patients – a randomized clinical trial [ISRCTN62699180]" pptx
... failed therapeutic efficiency after mannitol and emphasized the advantages of hypertonic solutions [42] Furthermore, Prough et al observed a higher regional cerebral blood flow in dogs with induced ... significance In patients who survived, a lower dose of the osmotic agent had been administered Survivors in the hypertonic saline group received a significant lower dose of 1.4 (0.32–2.8) ml/ kg hypertonic ... traumatized hemisphere, whereas hypertonic solution lowered the water content in the contralateral brain tissue An accumulation of mannitol could occur, followed by a possible reversal of the local osmotic...
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High efficiency and digitally controlled AC DC converter with power factor correction and fast output voltage regulation
... and is dominant at higher frequency above 200kHz For PFC applications, the switching frequency is normally below 100kHz Hence, hysteresis loss dominates at the comparatively lower frequency range, ... load power factor requirements of the energy saving programs The higher efficiency and power factor at light load in PFC provide a higher margin for desktop computer power supplies in meeting the ... the chosen powdered metal core 37 2.10 Flow chart of the nonlinear inductor design steps 42 2.11 Efficiency improvement at light load with higher Lll 47 2.12 Experimental setup...
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Integrated platinum carbon nanotube based electrocatalyst for high efficiency proton exchange membrane fuel cells 1
... for applications ranging from low (less than kW) to intermediate (up to 50 kW) power levels, due to their inherent advantages such as low emissions, high efficiency, low operation temperature and ... phase, then △H is higher due to the release of heat from water condensation The higher △H value is 12 called higher heating value (HHV) with the amount of -286 kJ mol-1, and the lower △H value ... surface oxides and eventually, to CO2 at cathode, where it is subjected to low pH, high potential, high humidity and high temperatures (80 °C) As carbon black corrodes, the Pt nanoparticles on...
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Integrated platinum carbon nanotube based electrocatalyst for high efficiency proton exchange membrane fuel cells 2
... study Gas Flow Rate Gas flow rates of H2 and O2 were controlled by two gas flow meters embedded in the GDU In order to minimize the possibilities of reactant insufficiency, high flow rates of ... conventional Pt/VXC72Rbased electrocatalysts used for high -efficiency PEMFC applications The experimental details of each method are elaborated in the following subsections, where the characterization ... stoichiometry of for H2 (14 cc min-1 A-1) and O2 (7 cc min-1 A-1) based on an initial flow rate of 300 sccm The high gas flow rate also provided another benefit that it could purge the excess water accumulated...
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Integrated platinum carbon nanotube based electrocatalyst for high efficiency proton exchange membrane fuel cells 3
... optimized CVD process at a high C2H4 flow rate above 15 sccm demonstrated extremely high density and high porosity by curling and coiling together It indicated that increasing the flow ratio of carbon ... surface with high surface area and high porosity 65 3.2.1 Type of Catalyst Metal At the beginning of this study, transition metals Fe, Co and Ni were chosen as growth catalysts due to their high catalytic ... could be easily controlled regardless of the high inertness of the carbon fibers In order to obtain in situ grown CNTs with high surface area and high porosity, a series of optimization studies...
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Integrated platinum carbon nanotube based electrocatalyst for high efficiency proton exchange membrane fuel cells 4
... all, the high frequency intersect Rohm for the symmetric MEA was slightly higher considering that both the anode and cathode were composed of highly hydrophobic CNTs thus leading to a higher ionic ... performance and effective mass transport for high efficiency PEMFC applications A flow chart diagram of this combined fabrication process is illustrated in Fig 4.23 below 130 Sputter-deposited a thin Fe ... support layer grown at 25 sccm C2H4 flow Accordingly the in situ grown CNT layer obtained from 20 sccm C2H4 flow can provide an optimum surface morphology where both high surface area and large penetration...
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