... of points on a line by [infinity], then a reasonable symbol for the totality of lines drawn to cut two lines would be [infinity]2 Clearly, for every point on one line there are [infinity] lines ... the points in a plane and the system of lines cutting across two lines which lie in different planes In fact, each line of the system of lines meets the plane in one point, and each point in the ... follows: 12 If the infinitude of points on a line is taken as the infinitude of the first order, then the infinitude of lines in a pencil of rays and the infinitude of planes in an axial pencil...
... feeding Introduction Nutritional requirements Sources of energy, protein, minerals and vitamins 56 56 57 58 Pig keepingin the tropics 6.4 6.5 6.6 Feeding in practice Feeding pigs, from weaning ... section (2.2) Pig keeping systems 11 2.2 Semi-intensive pig keeping Figure 2: Semi-intensive pig keeping (after Holnes, 1991) Main characteristics In semi-intensive systems pigs are confined to a limited ... again by the grazing pig These larvae can even penetrate into and cross the animal’s skin Once inside the pig, they grow into mature worms again and the cycle can start again 14 Pig keeping in...
... Pig keepingin the tropics against periodic temperature drops by ensuring that any heat can be retained A few important requisites for the pen are: ? It should not be draughty ? Bright sunshine ... provided that they protect against rain and sun, heat and cold If possible the roof should be constructed with its longest slope against the prevailing wind and rain If an opening has been left between ... outside overhang to prevent the rain entering The floors and bedding The floor of the pen should be slightly raised above its surroundings to avoid puddling or flooding in wet weather It is also advisable...
... containing boiling water (bain-marie) 44 Pig keepingin the tropics If a sow dies whilst farrowing her piglets will not have learnt to drink The milk should be fed on a little spoon or in a feeding ... choosing your breeding sows In choosing a breeding boar, the same factors should be taken into account as for the sows; this includes the presence of 12 nipples Avoid choosing a boar too highly in- bred ... (proteinrich feed), as they must be fit and strong for mating With good feeding the chances of producing a large litter increase In reality a sow feeding a litter is already being fed a protein-rich...
... the veterinary service 54 Pig keepingin the tropics Prevention: an infected animal brought in from outside (such as a boar) is usually the cause (the disease can be transmitted by mating) If ... abort at any stage in their pregnancy Some animals may become crippled (inflammation of the joints) and boars may develop an inflammation of the scrotum, with swelling and pain There is no treatment ... mating, resulting in her infertility or a miscarriage This sow should be culled 5.2 Diseases leading to fertility disorders Brucellosis and leptospirosis (described below) can both result in...
... protein (For cows, buffalo, sheep and goats protein quality is less important, because various processes take place in the 58 Pig keepingin the tropics stomach to produce protein or to increase ... quality of the protein in the food received.) Vitamin and mineral sources In a varied diet the vitamin supply will normally be adequate, but if no animal protein is fed vitamin B12 levels may suffer ... converts starch into body fat and, if given sufficient good protein, into meat ? Protein Protein is necessary for physical development - growth, breeding and milk production Protein quality is...
... importance of goat keeping The importance of goats Attractive properties 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 Goat breeding Breeding goats Breeding billy-goats Symptoms of being in heat Servicing Gestation ... 33 37 42 5.1 Housing Reasons for housing goats 47 47 Goat keepingin the tropics 6 5.2 5.3 5.4 A further look at housing Building stalls Requirements of the installation 49 51 54 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 ... materials 90 Further reading 91 Useful addresses 94 Contents Introduction - the importance of goat keeping Goats play an important role in food production systems in developing countries Their great...
... of getting ‘intersex’ offspring 2.3 Symptoms of being in heat A healthy, sexually mature, not pregnant goat gets in heat every 17 to 21 days She can then be serviced during 24 - 36 hours In temperate ... the existing kids and stop milking (for milking goats) The unborn kid will then continue to 12 Goat keepingin the tropics grow well and the mother will be able to produce enough milk again after ... difficulty breathing, you can stimulate it by very briefly immersing the head in cold water A little salt in the water can dissolve the remaining mucus in the nose If the animal remains listless,...
... age, the sex, being in heat or not, carrying young or giving milk, first time bearing young or having had more litters, etcetera During selection, it is necessary to 20 Goat keepingin the tropics ... attained on a diet of forage 24 Goat keepingin the tropics Putting the selection into practice In the selection, the first thing to look at is the total milk yield in the months after giving ... goat so that they can no longer drink from their mother Clean drinking water must be available in the weaning period Early weaning is important when keeping milking goats as the milk is then available...
... varying the feed, vitamins and trace elements can be bought in Vitamin A Generally vitamin A is the only vitamin that may be in short supply A lack of vitamin A results in eye disorders, skin ... is more information on urea in the following section 36 Goat keepingin the tropics Goats fed with treated straw will still need extra protein and mineral supplements These are covered in a later ... also rich in protein Minerals Goats cannot live without minerals Salt, calcium, phosphorus, and trace elements like iron, copper and iodine are very important They not only help to maintain and...
... prevents goats from standing in it or their droppings getting in it Watering troughs Putting the trough on placement in order to prevent the goats from standing in it or making it dirty, is also ... one side into a drain This can lead to another drain going around the stall which prevents rainwater from flowing into the stall ? In the wet tropics, you can best make a grid floor using bamboo ... manure By keeping goats inside, you concentrate their manure production and make it easier to use 48 Goat keepingin the tropics 5.2 A further look at housing There are various ways of housing goats...
... stinking The goat does not permit its young to drink and is unwilling during milking ? Treatment: milk the infected udder empty as often as possible and massage it, at least seven times a day Inject ... animals to graze in the same place only 2-3 days in a row so that they cannot take in an infectious phase of the parasite (it develops in 3-4 days in manure) Mineral deficiencies Minerals such as ... include minerals in the feeding has been described clearly in Section 4.1 ? Symptoms: decreasing appetite, declining fertility, a dull coat and poor growth The animal licks at all kinds of objects...
... and skins as a rural industry’ (See annex ‘Literature for further reading) Only a few simple preservation techniques such as salting and drying are mentioned here Using those 78 Goat keepingin ... tanner Drying hides Drying hides can be done in areas with low humidity and a lot of wind A hides is dried by stretching it with strings in a frame, with the flesh (inner) side facing the sun ... or foremilking The effect of the stimuli stop after minutes, try, therefore, to finish milking within 10 minutes Milking When starting milking you first must clean the udder, after which you dry...
... web-site: www.dio.nl PTC+, Practical Training Centre PTC+ is an international training institute, which focuses on all the links in the production chain on plant and animal commodities, (agricultural) ... comfortably Infections can also occur The extra growth must be removed in time you need to that about to times a year Figure 27: taking care of hooves 88 Goat keepingin the tropics Figure 28: taking ... Newsletter (Publ by ALIN), No 22 90 Goat keepingin the tropics Further reading Ayeni Ao, Bosman HG, Goat production systems in the humid tropics., 1993, pp 239, Pudoc Scientific, Wageningen ISBN: 90-2201o78-3...
... following: x = x0 cosϕ − (y0 cosθ − z0 sinθ) sinθ (7) y” = (x0 sinϕ +(y0 cosθ − z0 sinθ) cosϕ) cosθ + (y0 sinθ + z0 cosθ) sinθ (8) z” = − (x sinϕ +(y cosθ − z sinθ) cosϕ) sinθ + ° ° ° (9) (y0 sinθ ... endface geometry and the importance of physical contact have been defined, we can discuss issues concerning these properties in APC connectors in the outside plant The effort to maintain physical ... caused by the spring in the connector may cause the fibers to permanently withdraw into the ferrule if the epoxy holding the fibers creep If the initial fiber height is too recessed into the ferrule,...
... strategies you learn in each section ix – INTRODUCTION – Building your English reading, writing, and listening skills is important, of course But before addressing these specific skill sets, this book ... general information about the TOEFL exam, including notes about registration and scoring The TOEFL Exam: What the Test Is About The TOEFL exam has four sections: Listening, Structure, Reading, and ... inferences based upon the passage Finally, the Writing section will ask you to write a short essay on a general topic A list of possible topics is included in the TOEFL® Computer-Based Test Information...
... putting things in order If you would create a step- by -step list of driving directions, you are probably a sequential learner You may learn better by creating outlines and grouping ideas together into ... into categories Think carefully about how you learn Which is your dominant learning style? Keep it in mind as you read about Learning Strategies in Part II of this chapter Learning Language WHATEVER ... remember information For example, if you read “It’s raining cats and dogs out there!” you might write: What an odd expression! Funny image Easy to remember Outlining and Mapping Information Outlines...