... The answers can only come from the statistical and quantitative comparison and analysis between healthy and diseased subjects Thus, Statistical Shape Analysis (SSA), which no longer analyzes only ... measure at initialization and in red after deformation 76 4.14 Segmentation results of 65 right putamen Bars in blue illustrate the measure at initialization and in red after deformation ... population, there are generally pronounced anatomical variations among the subjects Statistical shape analysis of medical images aims to study the various statistical quantities of these variations...
... where is a normalizing constant, and class(c{) is the function that returns the class of character c~ Numerical values fora' s as well as the character class confusion probabilities can be precomputed ... feature IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, J66-D(10):l185-1192 (In Japanese) Thomas H Hildebrandt and Wentai Liu 1993 Optical recognition of handwritten chinese characters: Advances ... 10 candidates for each character as well asa score ranging from to 100 that represents the certainty of the first candidate In fact, we know nothing about the algorithm and the training data of...
... the assets and flaws of each of the statistical models considered This paper has proposed the first readability “formula” for French asa foreign language using NLP and statistical models It takes ... literature are Pearson’s productmoment correlation coefficient, prediction accuracy as defined by Tan et al (2005), and adjacent accuracy Adjacent accuracy is defined by Heilman et al (2008) as “the ... developed a SVM categoriser combining a classifier based on trigram language models (one for each level of difficulty), some parsing features such as average tree height, and variables traditionally...
... we are dealing with a paramagnetic solid This means we have atoms arranged in a regular crystalline lattice and each atom acts asa magnetic dipole because it has an unpaired electron M.J.D.Mallett@ukc.ac.uk ... temperature changes can cause a phase change between a solid anda liquid, applied magnetic fields can cause a phase change between a superconductor anda normal conductor M.J.D.Mallett@ukc.ac.uk 14/02/2001 ... individual kinetic and potential energies • • đ W = + PdV : compression of gas in a pump (T of gas increases) đ W = − PdV : expansion of gas in an engine (T of gas decreases) Isothermal and Adiabatic...
... compDataSource.AddDataSource(datasource1); compDataSource.AddDataSource(datasource2); compDataSource.AddDataSource(datasource3); compDataSource.RemoveDataSource(datasource1); allDataSources = compDataSource.GetDataSources( ... RDF.RegisterDataSource(myDatasource, false); In this case, myDatasource is the datasource name, and the false parameter specifies that this datasource is not replacing a datasource with the same name Once ... RDF.GetResource('Chapter8'); datasource.Unassert(rootSubject,predicate,object); 10.3.5.2 Changing values Changing values in a datasource is also very easy Assert and change a literal in the datasource as follows:...
... in the datasource The RDF/XML data that was in the string is a part of the datasource and ready for use (just like any other RDF data in a datasource) The uri acts asa base reference for the ... literal, make a new literal and set it properly: aValue = literal.Value; Note that aValue could be a string or an integer in this case The base type conversion, based on the data's format, is done ... use only when tree is not updating for some reason tree.builder.rebuild( ); You can add and remove any datasource as long as the template actually matches the data inside it Also, multiple datasources...
... overlay files arbitrarily An overlay can define new content anywhere in the application Overlays are often responsible for putting new items in menus As long as the target and overlay ids match, any ... manifest in Example 10-16 names the file xflyOverlay.xul as an overlay Then it names tasksOverlay.xul as the base file into which the contents are placed In this case, the overlays can overlay ... packages and files to Mozilla They can be added seamlessly because RDF provides a platform-like environment that facilitates the installation and use of new Mozilla software All packages, including...
... Hospital Association, the American Medical Association, the American Nurses Association, the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Contract ... Association of Chain Drug Stores Foundation, Alexandria, VA ROSLYNE SCHULMAN, American Hospital Association, Washington, DC DANIEL SOSIN, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA SHARON ... providing an additional complicating factor for large chain pharmacies that participate in mass vaccination efforts As Rothholz asked, “How we simplify and standardize that as best we can, so that it...
... drastically change for increasing dataset sizes In Table 1b we show results for P ROMODES -H Across the datasets precision stays comparatively constant around a mean of 0.6949 whereas the recall ... ParaMor (Monson, 2008) and Morfessor (Creutz, 2006) They used a natural language tagger which was trained on the output of ParaMor and Morfessor The goal was to mimic each algorithm since ParaMor ... boundary value b j,i-1 and modify our transition assumptions for P ROMODES H in such a way that the new algorithm applies a first-order boundary model anda second-order transition model A transition...
... Conference on Association of Computational Linguistics (ACL), 124-131 E Charniak, K Knight and K Yamada 2003 Syntaxbased language models for statistical machine translation MT Summit IX., Intl Assoc for ... Annual Conference on Association of Computational Linguistics (ACL), 263-270 D Chiang 2007 Hierarchical phrase-based translation Computational Linguistics, 33(2):201-228 J Dean and S Ghemawat ... lexical and semantic enhanced structural language model The 8th International Colloquium on Grammatical Inference (ICGI), 97-111 K Yamada and K Knight 2001 A syntax-based statistical translation...
... smoothed unigram classifier is also more generalizable, since it can be trained on any collection of data Traditional measures such as Dale-Chall and Lexile are based on static word lists Although ... reading level measures are inadequate due to their reliance on vocabulary lists and/ or a superficial representation of syntax Our approach uses ngram language models asa low-cost automatic ap525 ... proximation of both syntactic and semantic analysis Statistical language models (LMs) are used successfully in this way in other areas of NLP such as speech recognition and machine translation We also...
... compounds and indicates conventional interpretations, but that some compounds may only be resolved by pragmatics and that non-conventional contextual interpretations are always available We define a ... same role in a - - t h e n normally, aand are attached together with Elaboration (Asher and Lascarides, 1995) The Coherence C o n s t r a i n t on E l a b o r a t i o n states that an elaborating ... between the lexicon and pragmatics, e.g Asher and Lascarides (1995) Lascarides and Copestake (1995) Lascarides, Copestake and Briscoe (1996) SDRT is an extension of DRT (Kamp and Reyle, 1993) where...
... intensity and the short interest rate can be viewed asa generalization of a particular case of the Lando’s (1998) approach, and can also be seen asa generalization of a particular case of the Duffie and ... Vasicek case, we can easily derive such formulae from the following Lemma 3.1 Let A = mA + A NA and B = mB + σB NB be two random variables such that NA and NB are two correlated standard Gaussian ... when randomness increases as in the last table, since the value decreases as the correlation increases, contrary to the earlier cases This may be explained qualitatively as follows The indicator...
... unification-based parsing algorithm also capable of handling the Markov language model, every constructed constituent has to be assigned a probability In general, for each given constituent C a probability ... has been developed and tested ona small lexicon, a Markov language model, anda simple set of unification grammar rules for the Chinese language, although the present model is in fact language ... unification grammar (Sheiber, 1986; Chien, 199 0a) anda first-order Markov language model (Jelinek, 1976) and thus, combines many features of the grammatical and statistical language modeling approaches...
... Machine translation with a stochastic grammatical channel In Proceedings of ACL’98, pages 1408–1414, Montreal, Canada Kenji Yamada and Kevin Knight 2001 A syntaxbased statistical translation model ... Strategies For Going Multilingual In A Global Age John Benjamins Publishers Tony Veale and Andy Way 1997 Gaijin: A template-based bootstrapping approach to examplebased machine translation In Proceedings ... statistical machine translation In Proceedings of the EMNLP and VLC, pages 20–28, University of Maryland, Maryland S Sato 1992 CTM: an example-based translation aid system using the character-based match...
... transition between a ferromagnetic state anda paramagnetic state We will focus on three classes of models – the ideal classical and quantum gas, classical systems of interacting particles, and the ... applet/application at For system A, we take NA = 81, AA = 1.0, and σAA = 1.0; for system B, we have NB = 64, AA = 1.5, and σAA = 1.2 Both systems are in a ... random state, fluctuations corresponding to an appreciably nonuniform state are very rare These observations and our reasoning based on counting the number of configurations corresponding to a...