information technology and indian economy

... Jorgenson, Dale W. (2001), Information Technology and the U.S. Economy, ” American Economic Review , Vol. 91, No. 1, March, pp. 1-32. _____ (2003), Information Technology and the G7 Economies,” ... S. Ho, and Kevin J. Stiroh (2005), Information Technology and the American Growth Resurgence, Cambridge, The MIT Press. Jorgenson, Dale W., and Kazuyuki Motohashi (2005), Information Technology ... Africa and the Middle East, like that in Latin America, was essentially stationary 22 1 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND THE WORLD ECONOMY by Dale W. Jorgenson and Khuong...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 05:21

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2014, 19:20

... trips between the offshore islands and Fujian Province, including 144,234 from the offshore islands to the mainland, and 8,200 from the mainland to the offshore islands as of February 29, 2004 ... they play in information technology and high -technology weaponry. They view the development of the semiconductor industry as being vital to economic development and national security and are unwilling ... between the offshore islands and the mainland. Some 1,540 trips have been made carrying passengers from Kinmen and Matsu to the port cities of Xiamen and Fuzhou in Fujian Province, and about 1,000 trips...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 22:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 23:20

... commercial interests and provide their own Tools for planning and management Visitor and wildlife monitoring Better information on visitors and wildlife More efficient and less- costly management ... Gates, 2002. Recommended catalogue entry: Information Technology and the Forest Sector. Report by the IUFRO Task Force on Information Technology and the Forest Sector,” jointly organized by ... vii Contributors Anders Baudin, Professor, Department of Forest and Wood Technology, School of Technology and Design, Växjö University, SE-351 95, Växjö, Sweden. E-mail: anders.baudin@vxu.se....

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 05:20

... creativedestruction.In themassmarket,thecollectivepurchasingdecisionsofthe lightsdeterminewhichbusinessessucceed and thrive, and whichonesultimatelydecline and fail.Thisisanatural and cyclical process. When an inefficient business fails, its capital,resources and employeeswilleventually ... collegedegree. Somanyoftheseaveragepeoplemayhavegonetocollege orevengraduateschool,butmosthavenot.Theyarethe peoplewhodrivetrucks,fixcars, and workindepartment stores,supermarkets and alltypesofoffices and factories. Theyprobablyarenotneurosurgeons, and theymostlikely donothaveaPhDfromMIT.Theyworkontheloading dock, ... Jobs and Artificial Intelligence 67 Automation, Offshoring and Small Business 74 “Hardware” Jobs and Robotics 75 “Interface” Jobs 80 The Next “Killer App” 81 Military Robotics 85 Robotics and...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 20:20

... in-   *  Even much of biotechnology and genetics could be considered a type of information science because it is focused on cataloging and understandingthe information inourDNA. THE ... however, an accurateobservation and projection, and nearlyeveryone inthe technology fieldacceptsit.Moore’sLawisanover- all estimate. Different facets of technology,  in fact, progressatdifferentrates.Still,wecanprobablyagreethat   * SomeversionsofMoore’sLawuse18monthsratherthan2yearsas thedoublingstandard.Ihavechosenthemoreconservativenumber. Acceleration ... has evolvedintoabroaderruleofthumbthatgivesusauseful frameworkforthinkingabouthowourabilitytomanipu- late and process information increasesovertime.Thisrule ofthumbhasbecomeknownasMoore’sLaw, * and itcanbe expressedasfollows: As technology progresses,thecomputationalcapabilityofacomputer willroughlydoubleeverytwoyears. Moore’s...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 20:20

... 3,026,710  2.3%  Combinedfoodpreparation and serv- ingworkers,includingfastfood 2,461,890  1.9%  Registerednurses 2,417,150  1.8%  Laborers and freight,stock, and ma- terialmovers,hand 2,372,130  1.8%  Waiters and waitresses ... preparation, graphic design, and especially all types of information technology arealreadybeingshippedtoIndia and toother countries.Thistrendwillonlygrow, and asIhavepointed out ... more popular.Whatwillwedoifsomedayasubstantialpercen- tageofthethree and ahalfmillioncashiersintheU.S.no longerhavejobs?Whatadditionaleducation and training canweoffertheseworkers? And whatjobswoulditpre- parethemfor? And what is the impact of thatpotential unemploy- mentonmarketdemandforgoods and services?Cashiers aregenerallynothighlypaid,buttheynonethelessexistas lightsinourmassmarkettunnel.Cashiers,justlikeother workers,drivecars,buyclothes and consumerelectronics, rent...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 20:20

... food—all of these and countless thousandsofotherstructures and chemicalsthatcomprise ourbodies and make usfunctionareproteins. And they areallconstructedthroughnanotechnology. Itislikelythatthecoming“nanotech”revolutionwill begin ... in Chapter1.Hismainpointisthat,asadvancing technology increases productivity, prices will fall, demand will in- crease, and the economy will therefore produce more goods and services.Inotherwords,thesamenumberof workerswillbeemployedbuttheywillproducemore. 32  The ... accidents; howeverovertimetheycouldevolveinto technology ca- pableofdrivingthecarautonomously—justasjetairliners nowroutinelyfly and landwithoutassistance. While the technology forautomated cars and trucks may...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 20:20

... many factorswhichkeepmechanizationatbay,includinglackofeducation and access to capital, small plots withpoor economy ofscale,trade barriers, and oftenoutrightexploitationatthehandsofgovernments and corrupt officials. ... new marketresultingfromanexplodingChinesemiddleclassis somethingofamirage.TheChinesemiddleclassisnotan independentmarket.Thesepeopleareessentiallystanding onthe shouldersofAmerican and Europeanconsumers. And aswehavenotedagain and againinthisbook,those Westernconsumersalldependonjobs.Ifautomationbe- ginstodramaticallyimpactemploymentinChina,whileat thesametimedemanddwindlesintheWest and certain- lyifthecatastrophiceventdescribed ... specific job types and technologies and shownhowautomationislikelytohavea much broader impact than many of us might imagine— and alsohowthejobsofmanyhighlypaid and highlyedu-   ever,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 21:20

... two primary ways: first it pays salaries and wagestoworkers, and secondas technology advances,the pricesthattheindustrychargesfall and thisresultsinmore moneyinconsumers’pockets.Aswehaveseen,however, atsomepoint,theindustriesonthebanksofourriverwill becometoo ... pro- vidingservicesthatareanchoredlocally and neither automation technology nor globalization will succeed inpenetratingtheseprotectedemploymentmarkets.  Technology will improve the way we communicate and collaborate. ... toward tradejobsthatareperceivedasbeingsaferfromautoma- tion and offshoring.Thisimpactmayfallespeciallyheavily on technical fields such as information technology and computerengineeringbecausejobsintheseareasareper- ceivedasbeingespeciallysusceptibletooffshoring.Clear- ly,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 21:20

... Productionisalsolimitedbythesophisticationofthema- chines,processes and techniquesthatareavailable.Ihave arguedherethat,as technology advances,itwillultimately becomeindependentoflabor.Machineswillevolvetothe pointwheretheyarenolongertoolsusedbyworkers,but insteadautonomousproducers. 4. Consumer Demand Viable consumer demand is also an absolute limiter of productioninthefreemarket economy. Weare,ofcourse, speaking here of demand in the economic ... elimi- natesthejobsthatprovideincometoconsumers.Thees- sentialideaisthatweshouldimposesomecombinationof aconsumptiontax and/ oraspecialdirecttaxonbusiness thatcapturestheincomewhich,inanon-automatedecon- omy,wouldbepaidoutinwages.Overtime,asthewages paidtoaverageworkersdecrease(asapercentageofreve- nue),thesetaxeswouldbegraduallyincreasedtorecapture atleastaportionofthisincome.Theoverallobjectiveisto recapturejusttheoptimalamountofincome and thenget itintothehandsofconsumerssothattherewillbesuffi- cientconsumerdemandtocontinuedrivingthe economy.  Once the income has been ... Amazon other.Thedaysofthefeudal economy aregone.Wenow haveamassmarket economy.  Aslongasanenormousmassmarketofviablecon- sumersispreserved,theprimaryincentivesthatdrivethe free market economy ...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 21:20

... may wellcomeundersignificantpressurefromoffshoringeven sooner.Asthistrenddevelops,Ithinkthatthepsycholog- icalimpactonconsumerswillrepresentasignificantdan- gertothe economy.  EvenifIamwrong and increasingunemploymentis confinedprimarilytolowerskill workers, the overall im- pact on our society and economy would be ... Wecanexpectthattechnologicaladvancewillgiveriseto entirelynewindustriesinthefuture.However,thereality isthatfewifanyofthesearelikelytobelaborintensive. Bytheirverynature,thesenewindustrieswilltendtorely on information technology and will offer relatively few opportunitiesforaverageworkers.Thereisalsoariskthat these newindustries maydirectlycompete with and ulti- matelydestroyexisting,morelaborintensiveindustries. Appendix ... this book.Here,inanutshell,ismyargumentforwhyIthink wewillendupwithaseriousunemploymentproblem: As technology advances and industriesautomate,this improvestheefficiencyofproduction and tendstomake the products and services produced by those...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 21:20

... exhibit generalreasoning.Asecondapproachbeginsbyattempt- ingtounderstand and thensimulatethehumanbrain.The Blue Brain Project, 57  a collaboration between Switzerland’s EPFL (one of Europe’s top technical universities) and IBM, ... 38 RobertJ.Shapiro,Futurecast:howsuperpowers,populations, and globaliza- tionwillchangethewayyoulive and work,NewYork,St.Martin’sPress, 2008. 39 ThomasL.Friedman,TheWorldisFlat:ABriefHistoryoftheTwenty FirstCentury,NewYork,Farrar,Strause and Giroux,2005,2006. 40 China’shighsavingratetheresultofgovernmentpolicy,see:Ea- monnFingleton,IntheJawsoftheDragon:America’sFateintheComing EraofChineseHegemony,NewYork,St.Martin’sPress,2008. 41 PietraRivoli,TheTravelsofaT-ShirtintheGlobal Economy: AnEcono- mistExaminestheMarkets,Power and PoliticsofWorldTrade,JohnWiley and Sons,NewYork,2005,p40. 42 Ibid.p142. 43 JeffRubin and BenjaminTal,“WillSoaringTransportCostsRe- verseGlobalization?,”CIBCWorldMarketsStrategEcon,March27, 2008.Web: http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/about/pdfs/oil.pdf 44 Revenueperemployeenumbers.Source:GoogleFinance,basedon 2008revenue. 45 “…growthwithoutjobcreation.”,TheEconomist,August11,2003. Web: http://www.economist.com/agenda/PrinterFriendly.cfm?Story _ID=1985889  46 Huether,David,“TheCaseoftheMissingJobs,BusinessWeek,April 3,2006.Web: http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_14/b397 8116.htm  47 Technicallythismightbebettercalled“regressive”or“reversepro- gressive”sincethedeductionishigheratlowerwagelevels.However, thosewordshavenegativeconnotations… 48 FareedZackaria,TheFutureofFreedom:IlliberalDemocracyatHome and Abroad,NewYork,W.W.Norton&Co.,2003,p.172-173. Notes ... Amazon  26 “WhysoNervousaboutrobots,Wal-Mart?”,July8,2005,Web: http://news.cnet.com/8301-10784_3-5779674-7.html 27 “FutureStore”Web:http://www.future-store.org/fsi- Internet/html/en/20412/index.html  28 AshleeVance,“MicrosoftMappingCoursetoaJetsons-styleFu- ture”,NewYorkTimes,March1,2009,Web: http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/02 /technology/ business- computing/02compute.html?pagewanted=1&_r=4&hp  29 P.W.Singer,WiredforWar:TheRoboticsRevolution and Conflictinthe 21stCentury,NewYork,PenguinPress,2009,pp140-1. 30 Formoreonnanotechnology and livingorganisms,see:RichardA. L.Jones,SoftMachines:Nanotechnology and Life,Oxford,OxfordUniver- sityPress,2004. 31 Averagewagesbyeducationlevel:U.S.CensusBureauNewsRe- lease,January10,2008.Web: http://www.census.gov/Press- Release/www/releases/archives/education/011196.html  32 WilliamEasterly,TheElusiveQuestforGrowth:Economists’Adventures and MisadventuresintheTropics,Cambridge,MA,MITPress,2002,p.53. 33 “OutsourcingnottheCulpritinManufacturingJobLoss”,Automa- tionWorld,December9th,2003.Web: http://www.automationworld.com/webonly-320 34 AlanGreenspan,TheAgeofTurbulence,NewYork,ThePenguin Press,2007,p.397. 35 ABCNews20/...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 21:20

... 3,026,710  2.3%  Combinedfoodpreparation and serv- ingworkers,includingfastfood 2,461,890  1.9%  Registerednurses 2,417,150  1.8%  Laborers and freight,stock, and ma- terialmovers,hand 2,372,130  1.8%  Waiters and waitresses ... preparation, graphic design, and especially all types of information technology arealreadybeingshippedtoIndia and toother countries.Thistrendwillonlygrow, and asIhavepointed out ... 2,147,770  1.6%  Janitors and cleaners,exceptmaids and housekeepingcleaners 2,124,860  1.6%  Bookkeeping,accounting, and audit- ingclerks 1,856,890  1.4%  Secretaries,exceptlegal,medical, and executive 1,750,600  1.3%  Stockclerks and orderfillers...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 02:20

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 02:20

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 02:20

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 02:20

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 02:20

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 18:20