... economic drivers andthe major users of 11 Chapter Introduction the office buildings The majorities ofthe office buildings in Singapore are held under single ownership by financial institutions ... cost, land availability and cost and cost of capital, together with the macroeconomic shocks indicating the extent of bank and institutional lending, would determine the rate andthe extent of real ... Examine thecausalrelationshipbetweenthe office andthe stock markets Both linear and nonlinear Granger causality tests are used to assess thecausalrelationshipbetweenthe two markets Causal...
... harvesting complex (LHCI), consisting of four members (Lhca1–4) ofthe chlorophyll a ⁄ b binding protein family LHCI is bound along one side of PSI only, inthe vicinity ofthe PSI-F and PSI-J ... plants expressing similar levels of PSI-G, and analysed by immunoblotting, using antibodies to PSI-G and PSI-F, as an indicator ofthe relative content of PSI inthe samples Plants lacking PSI-G ... conformation ofthe loop His-tags were employed in a topological study ofthe major light harvesting chlorophyll a ⁄ b binding apoprotein, Lhcb1 [18] Interestingly, fusion of a His-tag to the C-terminus,...
... positioning inhigher land plants The striking recovery of wortmannin-inhibited movements obtained with Ca2+ shows that these ions play at least two roles inthe mechanism ofthe movements: they ... (Ca+2) andin control (Ctrl)+2) ions the presence of Thickness of actin bundles magnesium (Mg andin Thickness of actin bundles in control (Ctrl) andinthe presence of calcium (Ca+2) and magnesium ... actin bundles It might be a result of some yet undefined interaction between filaments (or between actin and ABPs) in SL, leading to the formation of looser bundles The differences between the...
... subcutaneously injected with 20 μg of CII/20 μl of PBS inthe right ear and with 20 μl of PBS inthe left ear DTH response was calculated as the percentage swelling (the difference betweenthe increase of ... molecules candidate mediators of T-cell inhibition The involvement of iNOS and COX-2 in inhibition of T-cell proliferation was demonstrated by the addition of inhibitors of these enzymes - GW274150 and ... assessed the effect of MSCs on invitroandinvivo T-cell proliferation as well as on CIA By using MSCs of both IFN-gR KO and wild-type origin, we also addressed the role of IFN-g inthe immunomodulatory...
... this point, a direct comparison ofthe pathogenecity of these strains is difficult to make In this context, the aim ofthe present study is to compare theinvitroandinvivo properties of these ... 1) All the animals infected with A663 strain shed virus, three of them excreted during 5-13 days andthe remaining one showed intermittent excretion (Table 1) The profiles of viral shedding were ... having an impact on theinvitro behavior of both BoHV-5 strains Concerning theinvivo characterization, in spite oftheinvitro differences discussed above, we observed that both BoHV-5 strains...
... stimulus to the regulation of various cellular processes usually involves protein kinase signaling Insulin signaling is initiated upon the binding ofthe hormone to its receptor which triggers the conformational ... kidney, muscle and adipose tissue Activation of insulin signaling upon binding of insulin to insulin receptors causes suppression of gluconeogenesis in liver and kidney [14], translocation of glucose ... [24] VI Incretins Incretins are hormones secreted by intestine in response to nutrients ingestion Their main effect is to stimulate pancreas to release insulin after meals intake Two incretin hormones...
... of this family including UspA itself (Fig 2), and one larger protein consisting of two UspA domains in tandem [17] The small members of this family are proteins of 142–144 amino-acids long; they ... ratio betweenthe amounts of UP12 andthe total amount of protein inthe extracts, a series of samples containing determined amounts ofthe purified UP12 were separated by SDS/PAGE along with the ... Department ofthe Weizmann Institute by a single injection of 150 lg ofthe purified protein, followed by two booster shots ofthe same amount of protein at 2-week intervals Serum was collected and used...
... that controls the protein expression inthe wild-type is the shuttling of Gal80p Increasing the amount of Gal80p inthe cytoplasm by increasing the distribution coefficient (K) causes the switch ... to the response of a regulatory network for a given input For example, the operation ofthe switch is constrained by the number of binding sites andthe amounts of regulatory proteins Further, ... protein, whereas, Gal80p is present both inthe nucleus andinthe cytoplasm [11,23] The above two studies indicate the existence of following two contrasting invivo mechanisms for GAL protein...
... Sel-tag had an intact core sequence and maintained allergen-specific IgE-binding epitopes andthe use of a Sel-tag enabled labelling with the gamma-emitting radionuclide 75Se at a single predefined ... application of a newly developed technique for specific labelling of recombinant proteins by means of incorporating a radioactive selenocysteine residue in a C-terminal Sel-tag [18] Der p carrying the ... mimicking inhalation ofthe natural allergen The fact that i.t instillation of [75Se]Der p led to deposition of radioactivity in alveoli and bronchioli with no detectable allergen remaining in the...
... calpain degradation Results Levels of HSP90 and NOS isozymes in rat brain and aorta The level of HSP90 andthe type of NOS isoform present in rat brain and aorta were determined by immunoblotting ... vivo degradation of NOS and HSP90 by calpain higher than in aorta, resulting in a much higher HSP90 to NOS ratio in brain (Fig 1C) A Calpain activation in rat brain and aorta following HSD treatment ... resulting in an imbalance within the proteolytic system [32]; and (c) the degradation of calpain target proteins [26,30] As shown in Fig 2A, following HSD treatment, the levels of both l- and milli-calpain...
... http://www.translational-medicine.com/content/7/1/41 QK performing ex vivo experiments of vascular reactivity in WKY common carotid rings [12], and then we evaluated invivothe role of this small peptide studying the ... hematoxylin and eosin [4] Quantitative analysis was done by counting the total number of endothelial cells, identified by lectin staining (see immunohistology), inthe Matrigel plug in each of 20 randomly ... Journal of Translational Medicine 2009, 7:41 new capillaries) and arteriogenesis (enlargement and remodeling of pre-existing collaterals) [2] In detail, the term angiogenesis refers to the sprouting,...
... demonstrating the inverse correlationofthe expression ofthe two tumor relevant molecules and implying their functional link Discussion The understanding ofthe mechanism responsible for theinvivo ... murine receptor resulted in a faint stain ofthe cytoplasm and rarely in staining ofthe membrane ofthe tumor cells (Figure 3B) Inthe more advanced 30 weeks tumors the staining patterns changed ... pathways by binding and modifying functions of key molecules maintaining intracellular signalling The ErbB-2 TRK represents one of these molecules As revealed by the RT-PCR analysis, the three htid...
... each testing position of AJC motion There was no bony interference with the path ofthe ATFL and CFL The position ofthe AJC during MR scanning was defined as the neutral reference position The length ... the understanding of function of these ligaments and injury mechanisms However, the in- vivo behavior ofthe lateral ankle ligaments during the range of motion has not been well studied Data in ... applying inversion/eversion and internal/external rotational forces during the flexion-extension arc of motion They demonstrated increased strain inthe ATFL with increasing plantarflexion, inversion...
... insertion stages and canal and reinserting the prosthesis The FRF had a normal evolution during the reinsertion andthe graphs corresponding to the final two stages, labelled as stage 4a and stage 5a, ... 288D01) mounted betweenthe shaker andthe stinger The stinger is a slender rod threaded at both ends, one of them being connected to the impedance head andthe other one to a Page of 10 (page number ... as single bending ofthe femur shaft Thehigher frequency resonances correspond to more intricate deformation modes ofthe femur in combination with deformation modes ofthe prosthesis In the...
... serum albumin (BSA) and incubating for 60 at room temperature, followed by three PBS washes Binding was performed by adding 100 lL of diluted antiserum into microwells and incubating for h at ... -azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and H2O2 were added in sequence to the wells according to the manufacturer’s protocol, andthe binding efficiency was monitored by measuring ... underneath had minor rashes, bruising, and hemorrhaging Starting from day 14, mice injected with 8–37 nm GNPs showed a significantly camel-like back and crooked spine The majority of mice in these groups...
... of spore-forming bacteria used as probiotics and then evaluate the strain of Bacillus showing the greatest invitro potential for its effectiveness in improving piglet performance and faecal flora ... analysis for the counts of lactobacilli and E coli according to the methods of Mikkelsen et al (2003) Faeces from the negative control andthe diet containing spores that performed best during the performance ... through the small intestine (Huang and Adams 2004) The experimental results of Casula and Cutting (2002) suggest that B subtilis germinates inthe jejunum and ileum The adverse conditions in the...
... Fourth, to 10 μl of standard medium containing from to 400 nmols of ADP were added into the cell andthe system again incubated until the O2 and ATP (contaminating the sample of ADP) added Oxygen ... molar ratio between O2 and protein Thus, when the concentration of protein is increased maintaining constant the concentration of O2, the energy directly involved inthe synthesis of ATP is substantially ... amount of ATP formed at the moment the net synthesis of ATP ceases was determined by measuring the distance betweenthe base line andthe top ofthe trace (see Figs 1b and 2) This distance was then...
... mobility in lymph nodes of living animals breathing either room air or 95% O2/5% CO2 In contrast, manipulations involved inthe intravital approach including the trauma associated with anesthesia and ... resident DCs are labeled inthe skin by injecting CSFE together with antigen and adjuvant CSFE+ DCs are then detected after migration inthe draining lymph nodes andthe interaction with antigenspecific ... kind of accompanying studies invitro will certainly provide a deepening understanding ofthe complex cellular choreography that is required for the initiation of a coordinate and appropriate...
... administered during the most active stage of disease [29] The discrepancy betweenthe two studies could be due to a number of factors, including the longevity ofthe injected protein andthe level of free ... antibody (Pharmingen-Becton Dickinson) Staining was performed inthe presence of saturating concentration of 24G2 monoclonal antibody (anti-FcγRII/III) Data were analysed using WinMDI software (version ... ofthe DNase I present inthe supernatants purified as in (b) The activity was determined inthe presence ofthe normal DNA-MG assay buffer, described in Materials and methods, or following the...
... irradiation [16] To explain the discrepancy betweentheinvitroandinvivo results, Tomita N et al conducted another invivo study to evaluate the effect of intermittent radiation by using local irradiation ... irradiated the tumor cancer cells simulating the IMRT plans They delivered a total dose of Gy to the cell lines over min, and 20 min, and found that compared with theand group, the survival fraction of ... largely from invitro rather than invivo observations, thus does not consider that tumor response invivo are affected by other effects such as the impact of ionizing radiation on the supporting tissues...