... putting burdens on the backs of mules instead of on their own; that they went on to invent the wheel andthe wagon, the railroad andthe motor truck It is for this reason that men used their ingenuity ... reducing the length of the working week They could, in other words, have worked the same number of hours and got their total weekly incomes increased l·y one-third, instead of merely getting, as they ... Would you remove the "purchasing power" from these officials? Would you injure the landlords and tradesmen who depend on that purchasing power? You are simply cutting down "the national income" and...
... of insulin, Li and SB -41 5286 on signalling elements implicated inthe regulation of GSK3 and GS To further understand the effects of Li and SB -41 5286 on cell signalling events we assessed their ... by insulin Regulation of GS activity To establish the importance of GSK3 inhibition on GS activity we monitored the effects of insulin, Li, SB -41 5286 and wortmannin (a PI3K inhibitor) on the incorporation ... thought to be enhanced in insulin-resistant muscle andthe kinase has been implicated in down-regulating insulin signalling via its ability to serine phosphorylate IRS1 [40 ], it is possible that inhibition...
... and 1.5 million from HIV/AIDS Infectious and parasitic diseases accounted for 43 % of the 40 million deaths occurring inthe developing countries in 1996 With increasing international travel and ... of individual ICUs in treating septic patients Several approaches in risk stratification have been utilized, including theuse of severity of illness scoring systems andtheuse of certain inflammatory ... ICU admission, whether the admission was following emergency surgery, andthe presence of severe chronic illness were documented according tothe definitions used inthe original APACHE II article...
... plausible because this is the site of protein C activation, the endothelium contains the receptor for APC (EPCR), andthe endothelium contains the PARs, which may also mediate APC signaling [ 24] Evidence ... signaling inthe endothelial cell APC binds to EPCR, which then interacts with the S1P1 receptor leading to its phosphorylation by PI3-kinase S1P1 signaling through Rac1 leads to cortical cytoskeletal ... endothelial cells and measured transendothelial electrical resistance in response to thrombin inthe presence or absence of APC Using thisin vitro system, APC attenuated thrombin-induced endothelial...
... complicated, and dull chain of reasoning Most of the audience finds this chain of reasoning difficult to follow and soon becomes bored and inattentive The bad economists rationalize this intellectual ... through the window of a baker's shop The shopkeeper runs out furious, but the boy is gone A crowd gathers, and begins to stare with quiet satisfaction at the gaping hole inthe window andthe shattered ... been added The people inthe crowd were thinking only of two parties tothe transaction, the baker andthe glazier They had forgotten the potential third party involved, the tailor They forgot...
... constitutes their demand for automobiles and other goods The supply of motor cars constitutes the demand of the people inthe automobile industry for wheat and other goods All this is inherent inthe ... certain things The destruction of houses and cities will make more business for the building and construction industries The inability to produce automobiles, radios, and refrigerators during the ... Supply creates demand because at bottom it is demand The supply of the thing they make is all that people have, in fact, to offer in exchange for the things they want Inthis sense the farmers' supply...
... children andthe over-aged no longer need to work What machines do, to repeat, is to bring an increase in production and an increase inthe standard of living They may thisin either of two ways They ... understanding of the factswhich means inthis case an understanding of why the past consequences of the introduction of machin- THE CURSE OF MACHINERY 47 ery and other labor-saving devices had to ... in taking the long view andthe broad view, they sometimes neglected to take also the short view andthe narrow view They were too often inclined to minimize or to forget altogether the immediate...
... investors to place their money where the returns seem less promising to them than inthe X industry It forces workers into industries with even lower wages and prospects than they could find inthe ... they inthe way of receiving almost everything else (On the other hand, of late years they have taken to putting more obstacles inthe way of exporting gold than inthe way of exporting anything ... considered, and we shall take a brief glance at them One is to contend that the X industry is already "overcrowded," andto try to prevent other firms or workers from getting into it The other is to argue...
... through an increased supply, then the driving out of the marginal farmers on the marginal land enables the good farmers on the good land to expand their production So there may be, inthe long ... speculators In general, the more competently the latter act in their own interest as speculators, the more they help the farmer For speculators serve their own interest precisely in proportion to their ... bidding raises its price This increases the profits of the producers who make that product This stimulates them to increase their production It leads others to stop making some of the products they...
... business altogether, andto discourage or stop the production of certain items This means unemployment, a shrinkage in production and a decline in living standards What lies at the base of the ... paid inthe X industry, they were the best among all the alternatives that seemed open tothe workers in that industry; otherwise the workers would have gone into another If, therefore, the X industry ... compensate for this by paying a subsidy tothe milk and butter producers Passing over the administrative difficulties involved in this, and assuming that the subsidy is just enough to assure the desired...
... gains inthe short run at the expense of employers and investors The investors once had liquid funds But they have put them, say, into the railroad business They have turned them into rails and ... cent on their investment But there is an inevitable corollary of this If the money that they have invested in railroads now yields less than money they can invest in other lines, the investors will ... andthe living costs of all workers, including those who forced the increase One may go further than this conclusion, and raise the question whether unions have not, inthe long run and for the...
... reduce their buying They this partly, indeed, because they fear they may lose their jobs, and they wish to conserve their resources: they have contracted their buying not because they wish to consume ... demand: if people want the goods, they assume, and have the money to pay for them, the goods will almost automatically be produced On the other hand is the group and it has included some eminent ... the prices of supplies used in war andto put additional money into the hands of the war contractors and their employes (As, in our chapter on price-fixing, we deferred for the sake of simplicity...
... my interest for scarcity to exist inthe very thing that it is my business to supply The greater the scarcity, compared to everything else, inthis one thing that I supply, the higher will be the ... direct "investment" in money itself) "savings" and "investment" are brought into equilibrium with each other inthe same way that the supply of and demand for any commodity are brought into equilibrium ... equilibrium For we may define "savings" and choosing to define "savings" in terms of money and "investment" in terms of goods This corresponds roughly with the common use of the words, which is, however,...
... stimulating 13 D Easy and boring 47 materials used for teaching and learning speaking skill at COFI? Table 4: Teachers attitudes towards English the materials teaching and learning at COFI in CMCC ... would like their teachers to such thing so that they get more interested inthe speaking lesson Another ways to get the students to practise English everyday (30%) and using other authentic materials ... methods in education and traveling and working abroad makes students willing to learn the language, develop their ability to speak fluently, and help them overcome the language barrier The findings...
... variance was used to determine the main eects of familiarity (the dichotomized form, see above) and FNG, and their interaction, on the rated willingness to try food stimuli The ANOVA, rather than ... of 1996 During the ®rst weekend, subjects responded to questions on food stimuli, and during the second they ®lled inthe food neophobia scale In addition to information collected for the present ... manufactured in Finland); and FlavSavR tomato which was claimed to be genetically modi®ed These three foods were included to examine how speci®cally the food neophobia scale re¯ects consumer responses to...
... have to know a priori which domains are related to each term Inthe following two sections, we explain methods to realize the domain and description models, respectively Domain Model The domain ... contents of the top 1,000 pages, the remaining pages were not used in our experiments Inthe following two sections, we explain the first and second experiments, respectively 5.2 Evaluating Encyclopedia ... terms Since past examinations and answers are open tothe public, we can evaluate the performance of our QA system with minimal cost 4. 2 Analyzing IT Engineers Examinations The Class II examination...
... jurisdictions inthe first instance and that there be continuous and active commitment and support tothe ongoing implementation, renewal, monitoring and evaluation of the program initiatives A ... and health sectors really value partnerships then this will be reflected inthe training and promotion opportunities for staff in both sectors For example the funding of joint posts between the ... us about the conditions for success In summary, it is possible to address the intentions of both the health and education sectors providing health and education work together and if the expectations...
... ruling, the servants began to boil water for the court to drink Dried leaves from the nearby bush fell into the boiling water, and a brown liquid was infused into the water As a scientist, the ... many other countries These factors, andthe remarkable interest of so many institutions in disseminating the filter in other countries, make it imperative to look at the dissemination issues inthe ... drink inthe world This time, the innovation came from China tothe West : because of the success of the Dutch Navy inthe Pacific, tea became very fashionable inthe Dutch capital, Amsterdam, and...
... submitting data into shared repositories and for inter-repository exchange These standards will specify the minimum information required to correctly interpret experimental data housed inthe repositories ... results to coordinate and optimize information and data sharing This integration and support for the preclinical and clinical testing of cancer interventions will accelerate selection and development ... expanding access to data, investigating behavioral and sociocultural influences on cancer outcomes and access to care, and better understanding how to disseminate the results of research and...