... gene repression RE1 and1 RE1 and REST-mediated gene repression The expression levels in CD4+ T-cells are shown as boxplots for all human genes (All genes), RE1 genes without REST (cRE1-REST and ... on the centers of RE1 motifs (rather than TSSs for an obvious reason) Such profiles were separately generated for non-promoter RE1s with and without REST occupancy; for the convenience of comparison, ... the expression levels and functions of individual RE1 genes and to integrate gene networks in response to distinct developmental, environmental and interceptive cues and imperatives Furthermore,...
... Table shows that human SDs are more enriched with pseudogenes than genes, as 36.8% of human pseudogenes and 17.8% of human genes are located in SDs (p
... ObservableCollection GetHands() { 126 CHAPTER ■ DATA BINDING AND SILVERLIGHT LIST CONTROLS ObservableCollection hands = new ObservableCollection(); hands.Add( new StartingHands() ... world, but for the sake of an example, it will work just fine Ideally, you will want to define your classes in separate files or even in completely separate projects and assemblies The code for the ... contains some more complex information, such as an image? You can this by first setting the AutoGenerateColumns property on the grid to false Then you need to generate the columns manually Columns...
... by modification of either the passenger strand or the guide strand to generate a mismatch at the 5¢ end of the guide strand [22,26] Asymmetric siRNAs generated by introducing a terminal mismatch ... mismatches were generated by changing either the first nucleotide of the guide strand, 396-AG, 396-UG and 396-GG, or the 19th nucleotide of the passenger strand, 396-CA, 396-CU and 396-CC (changed ... that the role of human Dicer in selecting the guide strand and generating an active RISC is more prominent than that of Drosophila Dicer-2, which is controlled by R2D2 binding rather than actively...
... apparent cooperativity for effector binding [12] yet we observed positive cooperativity for the TetR mutants Cooperativity has been described for IPTG binding to the Lac repressor-operator DNA complex ... formation The fits of the data for all TetR variants indicated positive cooperativity As described previously for tetracycline and atc [12,13], we observed only weak cooperativity for binding of 4-ddma-atc ... (A) Fluorescence titration, Langmuir fit and Scatchard plot of the titration of 4-ddma-atc with TetRi2-L17A (B) Fluorescence titration, Langmuir fit and Scatchard plot of the titration of 4-ddma-atc...
... of cm and an A280 value for 0.1% (1 mgÆmL)1) solution of 1.79 for Tma-RNase HI, 1.75 for Tma-CD, 1.85 for Tma-ND, 1.58 for Tma-W22A, 2.0 for Eco-RNase HI, 0.97 for Sto-RNase HI and 0.56 for Tk-RNase ... bmercaptoethanol (b-Me) and 50 lgÆmL)1 BSA for TmaRNase HI and Tma-W22A, and 10 mm Tris ⁄ HCl (pH 9.0) containing mm MnCl2, 10 mm KCl, mm b-Me and 50 lgÆmL)1 BSA for Tma-CD The substrate concentration (RNA ... soluble form and were purified to give a single band on SDS ⁄ PAGE (Fig 2) The amount of the protein purified from 1L culture was approximately 35 mg for Tma-RNase HI, 15 mg for Tma-CD and 30 mg for...
... ATP concentrations, are necessary for disruption of RNA binding However, other factors in the EMSA protocol, including changes in Mg2+ and ATP concentrations during electrophoretic separation, may ... basis of chemical considerations, it has been suggested that the ratedetermining step may be a conformational change that takes place after substrate binding [23] Native and recombinant proteins ... concentrations, but at higher concentrations it hydrolyzes ATP and dissociates from RNA This means that a low local ATP level maintains the IRP-1–IRE complex at high iron concentration, and when...
... higher Kd value of 2.5 lm for GTPcS and 4.4 lm for GDP (Table 1) This was very similar to the values obtained for SEPT2 produced in E coli (1.7 lm for GTPcS and 6.4 lm for GDP) (data not shown), ... GTPase properties of human SEPT2 Table Summary of the GTPcS and GDP dissociation constants and stoichiometrical binding site (n) for wild-type SEPT2 and S218A mutant The data for SEPT2 were best ... concentration The summary of the koff rates of SEPT2 for GTPcS and GDP fit to a single exponential decay model is presented in Table The dissociation half-life for GTPcS in low Mg2+ is 1.24 and in...
... lower and higher order: the former are for example gcolours and tones (which are given immediately in sensation), the latter are are for example shapes and melodies (which are founded on the former ... colour, shadow and sound, and of the Gestalten of formal, typical and expressive beauty founded thereon, and apprehend also what they signify or represent But represented states of affairs and the like ... Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung for the award of a grant for research in Louvain and Erlangen, where this essay was written I should like to thank also Reinhard Fabian and Kevin Mulligan for...
... oligo dT primers (Stratagene) and 20 U of reverse transcriptase MMLV (Promega) The truncated nucleolin was generated by PCR amplification using total first-strand cDNA as template and the following ... Legrand et al (Eur J Biochem 271) signal of 4200 resonance units (RU) An empty flow cell was used as a control for nonspecific binding and bulk effects The ligand concentrations and a flow rate ... nucleolin-binding sites in human lactoferrin (hLf) Sequences of the N2 and C2 domains of hLf, bovine lactoferrin (bLf) andhuman transferrin (hTf) were aligned and compared for similarities and divergences...
... $ ½EL Where [E] and [L] are the concentrations of free sites and ligands, respectively, and [EL] is the concentration of bound ligand The total concentration of sites can be expressed as N[E]0, ... activities (X) and Ca2þ uptake (B) in a variety of microsomes are presented: (A) and (B), skeletal muscle SR; (C) and (D), cardiac SR; (E) and (F), platelet microsomes; and (G) and (H), cerebellar ... concentration, [L]0 is the total concentration of ligand, and Kd is the dissociation constant for binding Using this equation, curves can be fitted to the fluorescence data assuming a Kd ¼ 0.8 mM and...
... cysteines 251 and 252 The ion at m ⁄ z 2332.06 (Fig 4C) was selected for fragmentation, and observed y-, b- and a-fragment ions are indicated For an easier illustration observed y- and b-fragment ... machinery of eukaryotes, therefore, both native and scrambled disulfide bonds are formed Furthermore, disulfide bonds may be generated in inclusion bodies and during extraction and ⁄ or purification The ... kinetics, and thus two relevant models were explored – the heterogeneous ligand-binding model and the bivalent analyte model – both supplemented with the BIAevalution Wizard The heterogeneous ligand-binding...
... reserved for the calculation of free R andfor the validation and monitoring of the progress of refinement [33] The refinement statistics for Y51F bsSHMT and Y61A bsSHMT are given in Tables and 5, ... Y61 and increases the distance between the hydroxyl group of Y61 and Ca of the ligand In Gly, l-Ser and l-alloThr complexes with Y51F bsSHMT, the hydroxyl group of Y61 and Ca of the bound ligand ... Tables and 3, respectively Structure determination and refinement The crystal structure of bsSHMT (1KKJ) was used as the initial model for the refinement of Y51F and Y61A bsSHMTs Water and ligand...
... We are grateful to Clemens Glaubitz and Andreas Engel for valuable discussions, and we thank Walter Rosenthal for the cDNA of human ETB We further ´ thank Robert Tampe and Katrin Schulze for their ... tool for the optimization of GPCR expression conditions, for the localization of ligand-binding sites, andfor the identification of compounds with new properties that could be important for the ... dimer formation could modulate the ligand-binding activity of ETB In summary, the presented work provides an interesting alternative approach for the generation of high-quality samples for the...
... endogenous ligand which binds to site II, and of cefazolin (site I-ligand) and verapamil (site I and II-ligand) as exogenous ligands All these ligands are known for their high binding efficiencies to ... unbound fraction (%) of each ligand was calculated as follows: Unbound fraction (%) ¼ [ligand concentration in filtrate ⁄ the initial ligand concentration (before ultrafiltration)] · 100 Recovery was ... following calculation: Recovery (%) ¼ {[(ligand concentration in filtrate) · 50+ (ligand concentration in apical fraction · 400)] ⁄ (the initial ligand concentration · 450)} · 100 ESR spectroscopy ESR...
... for homo- and heteromultimerization of DMPK isoforms and that multimerization has a function in substrate binding, phosphorylation and subcellular targeting properties of individual DMPK isoforms ... polymerase and specific primers EcoRI and XhoI sites were incorporated in the forward and reverse primers, respectively (underlined, see below) DNA fragments were cut with EcoRI and XhoI, gel purified and ... Myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) isoforms and truncation mutants Structural domain organization of DMPK splice isoforms A, C, E and F, and N-terminal and C-terminal truncation mutants of DMPK...
... NADPH, FAD, and FMN, and the oxygenase domain contains binding sites for heme, tetrahydrobiopterin (H4B), and the substrates l-arginine and molecular oxygen [7] A CaM-binding domain separates the ... concentrations However, it is important to note that this observed aggregation effect may be concentrationdependent Gel filtration, native PAGE and CD studies are performed at micromolar concentrations ... activation of NOS D E Spratt et al Each domain of CaM contains an EF hand pair The C-terminal EF hand pair has an affinity for Ca2+ (Kd ¼ 10)6 m) 10-fold greater than the N-terminal EF hand pair (Kd ¼...
... purified, digested and subcloned into EcoRI and XbaI sites FEBS Journal 272 (2005) 1169–1178 ª 2005 FEBS Characterization of Drosophila Met gene product of pBluescript II (Stratagene), and the identity ... nanomolar levels of ligand, consistent with its high affinity for JH III Here, we tested three natural JHs, JH I, JH II, and JH III, and the JHA methoprene in varying concentrations using the 1172 ... allows for complete depletion of JH These observations are consistent with the previous report in vivo [29] and rule out the ligand-dependent nuclear translocation reported for the Ahrs of vertebrates...
... Paul Galland for valuable advice, Nabil Lounis for help with phosphorylation studies, Alain Picaud for the phospho´ amino acid analysis, Andre Klarsfeld for the gift of HsCRY1 antibody, and to ... possibly the conformational and/ or catalytic requirements for ATP binding are less stringent than those for the phosphotransfer reaction Interestingly, none of several possible substrates for classic ... final concentration of lM in unlabelled ATP and lM MgCl2 Samples were maintained in dark for 10 min, 10 in white light, or alternatively illuminated for in the absence of substrate (ATP and MgCl2)...
... those for Y junction and linear duplex DNA substrates [20,24] Gel retardation and branch migration assays used substrates in which a single strand had been 5¢ 32P-labelled using [c-32P] ATP and ... Hepes/NaCl/Pi/EDTA/P20 and a range of concentrations (4–8000 nM) were injected over the DNA-charged sensor chip at a flow rate of 20 lLÆmin)1 forand allowed to dissociate for Bound protein was ... MpRuvA and EcRuvA on Holliday junction (J0) and linear duplex DNA substrates (A) MpRuvA was incorporated in the running buffer at concentrations of 0.0112 nM (a), 0.112 nM (b), 1.12 nM (c) and 11.2...