... understanding ofthe anatomy andfunctionofthe ear andthe auditory nervous system, and it discusses the cause and treatment of hearing disorders Most books on hearing focus either on the anatomy ... coverage ofdisordersofthe auditory system emphasizing the interaction between pathologies ofthe middle ear andthe cochlea andthefunctionofthe nervous system and vice versa Hyperactive disorders ... accumulated about thefunctionofthe cochlea than of any other sensory organ C H A P T E R Anatomy ofthe Ear ABSTRACT 10 The ear consists ofthe outer ear, the middle ear andthe inner ear The outer...
... at the entrance ofthe ear canal compared with the sound pressure that is measured in the place ofthe head The effect ofthe head on the sound at the entrance ofthe ear canal is related to the ... ratio between the effective area ofthe tympanic membrane andthe area ofthe stapes footplate, but the lever ratio ofthe middle ear bones also contributes The ratio of areas ofthe BOX 2.2 SOUND ... remarkable in the light ofthe FIGURE 2.12 (A) Average displacements ofthe umbo, the head ofthe stapes andthe lenticular process ofthe incus (B) The lever ratio at 124 dB SPL at the tympanic...
... in the ventral parts ofthe MGB ofthe thalamus, the nonclassical sensory pathways use the dorsal and medial division ofthe MGB as relay (Fig 5.10) [122] These divisions ofthe MGB receive their ... is the difference in the arrival time andthe difference in the intensity of sounds at the two ears, both factors being a functionofthe azimuth The time between the arrival of sounds at the ... near the frequency of a formant will show a periodic pattern with the frequency ofthe formant The spectra of these histograms show harmonics ofthe fundamental frequency ofthe vowel and the...
... The caudal portion ofthe floor ofthe lateral recess is the (dorsal) surface ofthe dorsal cochlear nucleus andthe rostral portion ofthe floor ofthe lateral recess is the dorsal surface of ... difference between the latency ofthe N1 ofthe AP and that ofthe response from the intracranial portion ofthe auditory nerve is the travel time in the auditory nerve from the ear to the recording ... the latency ofthe first peak in the dipole andthe length is the relative strength ofthe dipoles Note the short distance between the two first dipoles (peak I and II ofthe ABR) andthe third...
... and standard error ofthe mean are shown as a functionofthe intensity ofthe noise The TTS was measured 20 s after the end ofthe exposure In this study the noise exposure consisted of a band ... Disordersofthe Auditory System Chapter 11 Cochlear and Brainstem Implants The signs and symptoms ofdisordersofthe auditory system are decreased functionand abnormal function Decreased function ... basis ofthe elevation ofthe hearing threshold in disordersofthe middle ear andthe cochlea but the effect on thefunctionofthe nervous system may affect speech discrimination Impairment of speech...
... increase the sensitivity and frequency selectivity ofthe ear (cf Chapter 3) The widening ofthe tuning ofthe basilar membrane broadens the “slices” ofthe spectrum of broad band sounds from which the ... supported this view of flexibility ofthefunctionofthe auditory system That injury and loss of cochlear hair cells can cause profound changes in the structure andfunctionofthe central auditory ... perpendicular to the surface ofthe flat portion ofthe incudo-stapedial joint and that does not cause any movement ofthe incus and thus no displacement ofthe tympanic membrane If the pressure in the perilymphatic...
... tinnitus and abnormal perception of sounds such as hyperacusis and phonophobia) are some ofthe most diverse and complex disordersofthe auditory system and their causes are often obscure Often ... of recruitment of loudness is the ear, most often the cochlea, but absence offunctionofthe acoustic middle-ear reflex can also cause an abnormal growth ofthe sensation of loudness above the ... corresponding to the F1 frequency andthe other corresponding to the frequency of F2 The rate ofthe impulses is that of F0 for voiced sounds, and a quasi-random rate (average of 100 pps) for...
... hear, and to distinguish the ugly andthe beautiful, the bad andthe good, pleasant and unpleasant It is the brain too which is the seat of madness and delirium, ofthe fears and frights which assail ... volumes ofthe head and medial surface ofthe hippocampus andthe dorsal and ventral surfaces ofthe amygdala Volumes of these subregions declined with age in the GTS group but not in controls, so the ... disordersand diseases ofthe brain, the advances in brain research provide hope in the form of their own understanding of what is going wrong and in the form of advances in novel therapies which...
... to the cervical and vaginal mucosa When these are removed, slight oozing occurs There may be both erythema and edema ofthe vulva and vagina The discharge with Candida infection has a pH of 4–5 ... acne, and symptoms are soreness and local swelling, edema, CHAPTER 20 DISORDERSOFTHE VULVA AND VAGINA 581 cellulitis, and suppuration ofthe groin Involvement of apocrine glands establishes the ... in origin Nonetheless, cancer ofthe vulva may arise also from the urethra, glandular elements ofthe vulva, or mucosa ofthe lower third ofthe vagina Vulvar cancers are intraepithelial or invasive...
... ofthe sample, the sample size, the authors, andthe study design in the first column, the age group ofthe sample in the second column, the timeframe of interviews in the third column, andthe ... in both the symptom syndromes and in the trajectories of common mood and anxiety disorders We restricted our review to population-based studies, as studies ofthe life course of these disorders ... Prevalence of panic disorder and other subtypes of anxiety disorder and their background Japanese journal of psychiatry and neurology 1987, 41(1):9-18 Brugha TS: The effects of life events and social...
... denoting the objects covered by the scope ofthe notion expressed in the word, andthe significative function is thefunctionof expressing the content ofthe respective notion Thefunctionof rendering ... mentioned The men, especially the husband andthe grandfather, sip alcohol and tell their family members what they see and hear or remind them of right or wrong things in life The others also ... difficult The oldest or the husband ofthe family sits at the head ofthe table and others sit in descending order according to age or wherever they like The meal starts when everyone has their own...
... “Introduction” states the rationale ofthe study, Semantics can be simply defined as the study of meaning It defines the aims, objectives andthe significance, presents the is central to the study of communication ... review ofthe research Chapter 3: “Methodology and Procedures” mentions the method and procedures ofthe research Chapter 4: “Findings and Discussions” is the main frame of need to understand semantics ... element ofthe meaning of a word; a description ofthe characteristic feature of what the word refers to E.g the sense of “grasshopper” is “an insect which can jump high the study, which describes and...
... recognition ofthe field Andthe findings of semantic aspects often borrow the WDBs for not only conveying the denotative as well as analysis of pragmatic aspects of these kinds of words will ... understand their cases of Secondly, English considers the WDB “owl” as the symbol meaning, it is important to consider them in their collocations From of “wisdom” on the basis of their experience and ... pragmatic features ofthe WDBs The finding ofthe pragmatic features ofthe WDBs leads both teachers and learners of study may be in one way or another beneficial to the language English and Vietnamese...
... strength [20] In the present study, we report the structural and functional characterization ofthe human HPRT homolog PRTFDC1 To shed light on the potential functionof PRTFDC1, the protein was ... II The hood domain is mainly built up by residues from the C-terminus and consists of a two-stranded anti-parallel b-sheet composed of b2 and b9 and an a-helix from the C-terminus (Fig 1A) The ... Lys173 interacts with both O6 and N7 (Fig 1C) The 2¢OH ofthe ribose is hydrogen bonded to the main chain andthe side chain of Asp142 (Fig 1C) Both hydroxyl groups ofthe ribose are involved in...
... position at the present day The present theories ofthe transmission of light and sound; ofthe production of winds, and sun-spots, andofthe method of development and dissemination of heat, are ... except in the direction of other spheres These theories throw new light upon the character and extent ofthe atmosphere ofthe moon and planets, andthe consequent availability of those and other ... movements On the 20th of June the flood of summer heat overspreads the northern portions ofthe earth; the sun thence apparently turns southward, and with its departure the relations ofthe line of heat...
... regards as the equivalent of thc npper part of t h e Portland Beds of southern England If, with ARKELL (1946, pp 24-28), we place the Portland Beds in the upper part ofthe Lower Volgian, they, the ... whorls of Tollia pnyeri Bitween 360 and 370 m, on the same flank ofthe moontain, the writer found similar doggers and platy-weathering sandstones, which contained occasional exarnples of Surifes and ... but further than this I am not prepared to go The dip ofthe rocks exposed in the 17all~gsides is often vcry nearly 1v Stratigraphy and Anr~noniteFauna of East Greenland 13 the same as the gradient...
... cause of offence In these habits we resemble the Aborigines of our country They load their huge pipes with the dried leaves of this plant, and when lighted, they breathe the dark cloud of smoke ... men void of understanding; capable of soothing the sorrows ofthe afflicted, of healing the wounds ofthe spirit, and assuaging the anguish of a broken heart But how it fulfils these desirable indications, ... form or other, either to ease the pains of dyspepsia, to allay the horrors of tedium vitæ, or to drown the anguish of a guilty conscience And may not many of these patients say to those ofthe Faculty,...
... component to the model ofthe choice ofthe length of stay The decision depends on the value ofthe unobservable taste We can now construct the probability of observing a series of stay decisions ... using the maximum ofthe expected value ofthe two coin flips—$0.50— rather than the expected value ofthe maximum—$0.75.) This approximation resulted in a model that the computer hardware and software ... Comparing the Dynamic Retention Model andthe Annualized Cost of Leaving Family of Models 15 The key difference from the DRM is that the ACOL is computing the maximum ofthe expected values rather...
... characteristics ofthe Internet; , Ko and DIKo are defined as the average diameter, K, and DIK ofthe original networks and df , Kf and DIKf denote the diameter, K, and DIK after 10% ofthe nodes are ... meaningful The other metric, S, is defined as the ratio ofthe number of nodes in the giant connected component divided by the total number of nodes One might notice the different characteristics ofthe ... snapshots ofthe real Internet topology.1 On the other hand, [42], [43] have shown that the clustering coefficient ofthe Internet has been growing and that the average diameter ofthe Internet...