function of data link layer in osi model
Tài liệu Module 7- Data Link Layer CCNA Exploration 4.0 pptx
... OverviewUpon completion of this chapter, you will be able to:ã Explain the role of Data Link layer protocols in data transmission. ã Describe how the Data Link layer prepares data for transmission ... Connecting Upper Layer Services to the Media11ã To support a wide variety of network functions, the Data Link layer is often divided into two sublayers: an upper sublayer and an lower sublayer. ... consists of virtual connections between the nodes of a network independent of their physical layout. – These logical signal paths are defined by Data Link layer protocols.ã The Data Link layer...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Neuronal growth-inhibitory factor (metallothionein-3): evaluation of the biological function of growth-inhibitory factor in the injured and neurodegenerative brain pdf
... suggesting that this MT isoform has different anddistinct functions within the brain. Furthermore, thediscovery and continued investigation of this brain-spe-cific MT isoform has led to intense interest ... properties. In this review, we examinethe recent developments regarding the function of neuronal growth-inhibi-tory factor within the brain, particularly in response to brain injury orduring neurodegenerative ... thebrain at 3–4 days post-injury and remained elevatedfor almost a month [19,20]. The increase in GIFexpression in response to these different types of braininjury was often observed in glial...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Proteolytic activation and function of the cytokine Spatzle in the innate immune response of a lepidopteran insect, Manduca sexta ppt
... contained a 30 bp insertion in theORF, beginning at nucleotide 516. This resulted in insertion of a 10 amino acid segment (TREIDYPETI)and one substitution (Ser fi Gly) at the C-terminalend of ... residuecystine-knot domain. Injection of Spaătzle-C108, but not proSpaătzle-1A, intolarvae stimulated expression of several antimicrobial peptides and proteins,including attacin-1, cecropin-6, moricin, lysozyme, ... patterning in earlyembryonic development and in the antimicrobial immune response in larvaeand adults. We have investigated the function of Spaătzle in a lepidopteraninsect, Manduca sexta, in...
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báo cáo hóa học:" Kidney function of HIV-infected children in Lagos, Nigeria: using Filler’s serum cystatin C-based formula" docx
... cystatin C or cystatin C-based eGFR in HIV-infected persons included those on HAARTwith regimens consisting of tenofovir and indinavir, andthe reported increase in serum cystatin C in these stu-dies ... LA: Guidelines for the management of chronic kidney disease in HIV-infected patients: recommendations of theHIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.Clin Infect Dis ... (Figure 1 &2). In mu ltiple linearregression,thevariationincystatinCasexplainedbyboth models was small and only reached significant pro-portion i n Model 2 (model includ ing BMI), Table 3...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Editorial Cross-Layer Design for the Physical, MAC, and Link Layer in Wireless Systems" doc
... impacton these layers and their interaction. In recent years, theimportance of the cross -layer design at the PHY/MAC /link layer has been reiterated through the emergence of manyinnovative techniques, ... allowscertain important information to in uence decisions in a layer that is originally not defined to use that information(e.g., the SNR information at the link layer or the queue sizeat the baseband ... multipleusers. In order to properly reflect these features in theprotocol stack, the methodology of cross -layer design hasbeen adopted. In short, the cross -layer methodology allowscertain important information...
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Báo cáo y học: "Expression and function of inducible co-stimulator in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: possible involvement in excessive interferon-γ and anti-double-stranded DNA antibody production" pot
... àg/test) and streptavidin-FITC in the presence of various amounts of nonbiotinylated JTA009 (thick line: 0 àg/test; thin line: 5 µg/test; thick broken line: 10 µg/test; thin broken line: 25 µg/test). ... position of the front dye of the gel. Human ICOS expressing (c) CHO-K1 and (d) its parental cell line CHO-K1 were stained with biotinylated JTA009 (thick line), biotinylated SA12 (broken line), ... determined the cutoffpoints for positive staining so that the percentage of positivecells with control antibody JMAb23 was less than 1%. Thepercentage of CD4+CD45RO+ T cells expressing ICOS...
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Báo cáo y học: "Reduced number and impaired function of circulating progenitor cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus" pot
... amino-terminal two repeats of thedeath effector domain (DED), it lacks the carboxy-terminal half of the proteolytic domain. Caspase 8L binds to the Fas-asso-ciating protein with death domain ... etiology of acceleratedatherosclerosis in SLE patients [6-8]. These findings suggesta contributing role of the auto-immune disease itself in atherogenesis.The response-to-injury model supports ... provided the clinical back-ground, was in charge of the recruitment of patients and par-ticipated in design and drafting of the manuscript. MHparticipated in the design and coordination of the study...
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Báo cáo y học: "Reverse genetic characterization of the natural genomic deletion in SARS-Coronavirus strain Frankfurt-1 open reading frame 7b reveals an attenuating function of the 7b protein in-vitro and in-vivo" pptx
... been implicated in the induction of apoptosis, including the ORF 7a andORF 7b proteins as confirmed in this study (Figure 2).Activation of apoptosis was therefore compared in cellsinfected with ... interference with theinterferon signalling cascade in the case of SARS-CoV pro-tein 6, or prevention of activation of interferon-sensitiveInduction of apoptosis by recombinant coronaviruses ... beenshown to be involved in the induction of apoptosis,including the 7a and 7b proteins [18,46,47]. To analyzewhether the deletion in ORF 7b had any influence on itsAmino acid variability in ORF 7b...
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Báo cáo khoa học: " Reverse genetic characterization of the natural genomic deletion in SARS-Coronavirus strain Frankfurt-1 open reading frame 7b reveals an attenuating function of the 7b protein in-vitro and in-vivo" docx
... been implicated in the induction of apoptosis, including the ORF 7a andORF 7b proteins as confirmed in this study (Figure 2).Activation of apoptosis was therefore compared in cellsinfected with ... beenshown to be involved in the induction of apoptosis,including the 7a and 7b proteins [18,46,47]. To analyzewhether the deletion in ORF 7b had any influence on itsAmino acid variability in ORF 7b ... mRNAtranscription, confirming earlier findings [50]. Induction of transcription was not observed with r7bΔTMD either,indicating that the ORF 7b protein is not involved in theComparison of recombinant viruses...
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Báo cáo y học: " Expression and function of human hemokinin-1 in human and guinea pig airways" pdf
... extent4567891011020406080100Hemokinin-1Endokinin A/BEndokinin C[Sar9,Met(O2)11] SPSubstance P- log [Agonist]Contraction (% ACh 3 mM)4567891011020406080100Hemokinin-1Endokinin A/BEndokinin CEndokinin ... [Sar9,Met(O2)11]SPfortheNK1receptor.Characterization of hHK-1- and endokinins-inducedresponses in guinea pig airwaysContractile effects of hHK-1 and endokinins in isolatedguinea pig airwaysHuman hemokinin-1 induced concentration-dependentcontractions ... tachykininantagonists and the role of hemokinin 1 in T lymphopoiesis. Blood 2003,102(6):2165-2172.16. Weinstock JV: The role of substance P, hemokinin and their receptor in governing mucosal inflammation...
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Báo cáo y học: " Detrimental effects of albuterol on airway responsiveness requires airway inflammation and is independent of b-receptor affinity in murine models of asthma" pdf
... 0.01, (n = 10 in each group). Results of scoring of PAFS stained histological sections of lungs; no statistical differencewas found between groups. Results of scoring of CCSP staining; no statistical ... Bio-Plexđđ cytokine analysis and assisted in data interpretation and manuscript writing. LMB participated in the study design, data interpretation and manuscript writing. JHTB assisted with data interpretation ... changed in the direction of more Th2 cytokinesbeing produced. The significant decreases in IL-12p40 in the BALF from mice receiving (RS)-albuterol maypartially explain the observed increases in...
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Báo cáo y học: "Thymic function and T cell parameters in a natural human experimental model of seasonal infectious diseases and nutritional burden" potx
... theyear in half, seasonal fluctuations are taken into account,ensuring that periods of typical hungry/high infectionand harvest/low inf ection, were clearly included in theright category. In the ... starvation-inducedlymphoid atrophy and increases thymic cellularity in ob/ob mice. J ClinInvest 1999, 104:1051-1059.16. Casanueva FF, Dieguez C: Neuroendocrine regulation and actions of leptin. Front ... E, McConkey SJ, Hainaut P, Whittle HC:Long-term protection against HBV chronic carriage of Gambianadolescents vaccinated in infancy and immune response in HBV boostertrial in adolescence. PLoS...
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Báo cáo y học: "Regional differences in prediction models of lung function in Germany" ppsx
... theother two studies. Our data are in line previous findingsdescribing an impairment of lung function in subjectsthat are extremely overweight [12,20,21].Cigarette smoking is the major risk factor ... studies in terms of theother determinants. In KORA environmental tobaccosmoke (ETS) and the use of at least one drug influencinglung function was associated with lower FEV1, while in the ... integrity of the basic determinants of lung function that are usuallytaken into account in prediction equations. This demon-strates that the data sets used were comparable to data found in the...
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Báo cáo y học: " Differential expression and function of breast regression protein 39 (BRP-39) in murine models of subacute cigarette smoke exposure and allergic airway inflammation" pps
... objective of the current study was to assess expression and function of BRP-39, the murine equivalent of YKL40 in a murine model of cigarette smoke-induced inflammationand contrast expression and function ... importance of BRP-39 in HDM- and cigarette smoke-induced inflammation. While functionally important in HDM-induced inflammation, BRP-39 is a biomarker of cigarette smoke induced inflammation ... USA). Intracellular staining for cytokineswas performed using BD cytofix/cytoperm and BDperm/wash reagents with GolgiStop as recommended byBD Pharmingen. Intracellular cytokine staining was...
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