... completing the tasks Tasks that can be used for language learning are, generally, tasks that the learners actually have to perform in any case Examples include: applying fora job, talking witha social ... that the students want or need to perform withthe language they are learning The tasks are defined as activities witha purpose other than language learning, but, as ina content-based syllabus, ... teaching in that while situational teaching has the goal of teaching the specific language content that occurs inthe situation (a predefined product), task-based teaching has the goal of teaching...
... the information fromthe reading text Matching the text with relevant diagrams Labeling a diagram according to the information inthe text Completing a text using information fromthe diagram Recognizing ... Information (TAVI), John and Davies (1983) also emphasized the importance of information for reading in ESP by encapsulating the key principles that, for ESP learners, extracting information accurately ... Tourism Faculty, HLU The content of theinterviews is illustrated inAppendixThe first part of theinterviews is designed to get general information about the informants Interestingly, the interviewees...
... BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION AT THE WATERWAY TRANSPORT VOCATIONAL COLLEGE NUMBER In this chapter, based on the theoretical background and the information gained fromthe target situation analysis, an ... Past - Practice speaking information - True/false exercises participle about starting a business - Interpreting - Filling inthe table markers that withthe information signal thefromthe reading ... subject teachers who teach business administration module at the WTVC Number Thequestions used intheinterviews are shown inAppendixThe three first questions aim at finding out general information...
... down all information a diagram/chart represents Matching the text with relevant diagrams Labelling a diagram according to the information inthe text Completing a text using information fromthe ... Utilizing non-text information Drawing a diagram or a graph to represent important information inthe text 30 Filling inthe table/diagram/chart withthe information fromthe reading text Writing ... socioeconomic planning and spatial planning Strategic planning Urban Design Planning of Rural residential areas Sustainable planning Urban transportation planning Environmental planning Land use planning...
... processing and evaluating the information during reading; and transferring or using the information while or after reading From these, the syllabus designer must choose the appropriate reading skills ... of information This approach, therefore, certainly take the learners more into account than the language-centered model In general, this approach sees the learner as a user of language rather ... In Harmer’s words, reading is an exercise dominated by the eyes and the brain The eyes receive message and the brain has to work out the meaning that is to interpret the meaning of what is being...
... structural syllabus is very familiar to language teachers, and it has several advantages The main advantage of this kind of syllabus is that the teaching is based on the principle of working fromthe ... also has to take many factors into account, such as the teaching and learning situation, the learners’ background, the physical constraints present inthe teaching situation, the teaching staff, ... those tasks cleared up The information gathered can then serve as a basis for planning a training program 2.3.4 Procedures for conducting needs analysis To carry out needs analysis, the syllabus...
... makers - Predicting, inferring and guessing; - Identifying main ideas, supporting ideas and examples; - Processing and evaluating the information during reading; - Transferring or using the information ... learning in particular rather than, as is the case with lexical, structural, notional, functional, and relational syllabuses primary from an analysis of language and language use In addition, ... social being and as individual), and the activities which will take place inthe classroom” He considers theteachers as an assistant of the syllabus designer; teachers can adjust the syllabus and...
... grammatical errors Grammar appropriate the task A few grammatical errors and/ or several grammatical uses which are inappropriate to the task Several grammatical errors and/ or several grammatical ... complex and purposeful tasks that the students want to practice withthe language they are learning, for instant, applying fora job, talking to a social worker, getting housing information over the ... teachers majored in engineering course at Maritime University One of theteachers had attended short term training in maritime English teaching in Canada more than ten years ago Theteachers are classified...
... the following figure: Main idea Major details Minor details aA card catalog entries are printed on card that libraries arrange alphabetically in drawers A card catalog usually contains of three ... has the subject of the item on the top line Figure : Organization of information Sample paragraph: A card catalog entries are printed on card that libraries arrange alphabetically in drawers A ... syllabus can be used as a guide in selecting, adopting and adapting materials for their students PART III: CONCLUSION It is clear that a syllabus plays an important part inthe teaching and learning...
... encourages collaborative learning Since language learning is considered subordinate to task performance, therefore, language teaching also occurs as the need arises during the performance of the particular ... the English teaching and learning conditions in our college have not got much attention fromthe administrators The facilities for teaching and learning are old and damaged Inthe lab room, there ... questionnaires at the beginning of July, before the summer holidays, and all of them were returned with reasonable answers Then I started to analyze them to take thefindingsfor my syllabus 2 The findings...
... understand the task and what they are doing, and not act ina mechanical way” Task-based teaching differs from situation- based teaching in that while situational teaching has the goal of teaching ... Task-based teaching can be regarded as one particular approach to implementing the boarder “communicative approach” and, as withthe communicative approach in general The aim of task-based teaching ... in which the learners will use the language and the typical communicative acts and language used in that setting Situational syllabuses “have the advantage of presenting language in context and...
... sample questionsininterviewswiththeteachers can be seen inAppendix (p XI) They are categorized into two main parts as follows Part A seeks information about the ESP teachers age, sex, education ... parts Part A was designed to gather the data about who the learners are Thequestionsin this part were to reveal information about first-year students’ background information such as their age, ... skills They also think that the reading tasks are de-motivating and there is no guidance in processing tasks These negative statements imply that what the students want inthe reading classroom...
... including linear format, modular format, cyclical format, matrix format, and storyline format In this thesis, the author adopts the modular format in which academically oriented units are integrated ... questionnaires Finally, the information obtained fromthe survey was analyzed and checked against information obtained from literature and other sources Design of the study The thesis is organized into: ... (Nunan, 1988:30) In other words “it can mislead learners into thinking they are learning a language when, in fact, they are learning facts or information about a language” Krahnke (1987:25) Secondly,...
... Choosing the main ideas of the reading passage Matching headings with paragraph Scanning Scanning the text for specific information presented by teacher before reading Identifying the topic of a paragraph ... coming from classes of the faculty 2.5.2 Instruments for collecting data 17 Among many ways to gather information, questionnaires and interviews are the main ones in this study Information fromthe ... mark; predicting, inferring and guessing; identifying main ideas, supporting ideas and examples; processing and evaluating the information during reading; transferring or using the information...
... inferring, and guessing Identifying main ideas, supporting ideas and examples Processing and evaluating the information during reading Transferring or using the information while or after reading ... out the nature of reading and reading act, in which the readers, reading process, and reading message are emphasized It can be concluded from these various definitions that reading is an interactive ... teacherswith ten questions Step 3: Analyze the collected data fromthe questionnaires and interviews by importing the data into computer and treating in Excel 2.2.5 Data analysis The collected data...
... often in an individual and unpredictable way, in completing the tasks Tasks that can be used for language learning are, generally, tasks that the learners actually have to perform in any case Examples ... general competence inthe language, learning only incidentally any information that may be available while applying the language skills 15 1.4.5 A task-based syllabus This type of teaching syllabus ... to individual teachers leads to the fact that theteachers teach what ever they consider necessary or capable in terms of convenience and the availability of materials Being one of the teachers...
... lesson Therefore, she/he can know what their weak and strong points are in language to have suitable solutions and plans For all these advantages, speaking skill plays a significant role in teaching ... lesson plan activity Most information gap activities are done in pairs, with each student having a part of the information I.2.3.2.3 Information gaps Harmer (1998:88) describes information gap as one ... I.2.3.2.2 Interview An interview is a conversation between two or more people (the interviewer and the interviewee) where questions are asked by the interviewer to obtain information fromthe interviewee...
... while-reading stage, the students were asked to read separate paragraphs of an article and give the headings for these parts in pairs And the students had chance to play the game with their partner’s ... time fortheteachers to take advantages of visual aids in teaching reading forthe students inthe content field III.4.6.2 The activities carried out by theteachers at while-reading stage and the ... Medicine inthe view of theteachersThe table indicates that all of theteachers are aware of the utmost importance of vocabulary and terminology in comprehending a reading text And no teacher can...
... comprehension Therefore, reading comprehension is an important part in teaching and learning a foreign language in general and teaching reading in particular And it is a need to improve reading skills ... in their native language into reading and acquiring the target one Sharing the same idea, Alderson (1984) agreed that a lack of appropriate linguistic knowledge constrains the transfer of reading ... improving spelling and grammar skills, and having a more active imagination … are to the fullest To sum up, reading comprehension plays a very important part in teaching and learning a foreign language...