... Berg WB: Role of interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 in murine collagen-induced arthritis Protective effect of interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 treatment on cartilage destruction Arthritis Rheum 1997, ... primary T- cell stimulation and can interact with antigen-presenting cells Here naive cells can differentiate into memory effector Th cells Factors that drive the initial expressionof IL-4 (as the ... demonstrates that such a defect is not present in RA patientsIn contrast, differentiation by IL-7 and IL-4 towards Th2 cell activity was increased in RA patients Methods Patients Mononuclear cells...
... and the rate constant for the taurine efflux (min)1) at each time point was estimated as the negative slope of the graph between the time point and the proceeding time point The taurine efflux at ... possible that creatine binds to TauT with low affinity and competitively reduces active taurine uptake This was not investigated further From Fig it is seen that active taurine uptake in NIH 3T3 cells ... following hypotonic incubation and it was suggested that this effect reflected an inhibition of a protein tyrosine phosphatase [20] Several of the serines, threonines and tyrosines in the intracellular...
... that they have no competing interests Authors' contributions TN designed the study, and carried out data analysis, interpretation, and manuscript preparation KT and YK participated in the data ... greater than that of CD27- B cells, the increased proportion of CD27+ B cellsin the synovium might be related to their higher chemotactic activity In contrast, the expressionof CCR6, CCR7 and ... [22-29] Therefore, interactions between the chemokines and the chemokine receptors might contribute to B cell migration into the synovial tissue inpatients with RA In the RA synovium, the proportion...
... for clinical trials of vaccine immunotherapy for multiple cancer patients, but the utility of CTA immunotherapy against patients with IHCC remains investigated In this study, using three CTA markers ... Materials and methods Patients The study was approved by the research ethics committee of our institutions, and informed consent was obtained from each patient A total of consecutive 102 patients ... assigned to any extent of immunostaining in sections and further graded into four groups: + : < 5% of tumor cells stained; ++ : 5-25% of tumor cells stained; +++ : > 25-50% of tumor cells stained;...
... treatment and to the control untreated group The first treatment removed the shoot apex, which involved cutting off the top part of plants down to LPI inclusively The second treatment applied an inhibitor ... after the treatments were applied, from internodes LPI14 to 16 and consisted of whole stem segments without the bark For the NPA treated trees, the sampling consisted of stems segments without ... line on six lines and on six control trees For analyses, the data were placed into bins of 0.10 to 0.25 mm Statistical analyses of phenotypic and RT-qPCR data Statistical treatment of phenotypic...
... decreased TIM-3 expressionin BALF CD4+ Tcellsof patients, we also analyzed the levelsof galectin-9 in these cellsand found that the expressionof galectin-9 in BALF CD4+ cells from patients was similar ... in the lungs ofpatients with Löfgren's syndrome and those without The triggering event is the presentation of an (unknown) antigen by antigen-presenting cells (APC) to TcellsIn the lungs of ... suggesting that TIM-1 controls critical regulatory pathways in the immune system Studies on mice have indicated that TIM1 is involved inT helper cell differentiation and suggested that the protein...
... beginning to study the putative effect(s) of bacterial products that can bind TLRs in DCs in the context of HIV-1 infection [30,31] It has been recently reported that productive HIV-1 infection ... indicator cells Results depicted in Fig 8A indicate that the TLR4 ligand LPS acted as a strong inducer of IFNα/β in IM-MDDCs while TLR2, 5, and triggering did not result in the secretion of type-I ... point following initiation of the co-culture (i.e days) and was rapidly lost thereafter is indicative of a modulatory effect on intricate interactions between HIV-1 and IM-MDDCs The loss of the...
... 2001;Function and interactions of integrins Cell Tissue Res (3):285-298 41 Mould AP, Askari JA, Aota SI, et al 1997;Defining the topology of integrin alpha5beta1-fibronectin interactions using inhibitory ... partners in osteolytic tumor growth and metastasis Matrix Biol (6):341-352 95 Sottile J, Hocking DC 2002;Fibronectin polymerization regulates the composition and stability of extracellular matrix ... fibronectin that retain attachment-promoting activity Proc Natl Acad Sci USA :1224-1227 44 Danilov YN, Juliano RL 1989;(Arg-Gly-Asp)nalbumin conjugates as a model substratum for integrin-mediated...
... have not found causative mutations, other than the Cys306Gly and Trp316Ser We therefore hypothesized that the 5¢ flanking region of b2GPI harbors functional mutations that determine the interindividual ... demonstrate that the )1CfiA mutation at the transcriptional initiation site is causative, which regulates b2GPI gene expression at the transcriptional level that ultimately affects b2GPI plasma levels ... according to the manufacturer’s instructions Bovine serum albumin was used as standard to determine the protein concentrations in the liver lysates Plasmid DNA constructs The 5¢ flanking region of...
... of intracellular HLA -DR than septic patients Figure shows the intracellular and surface expressionof HLA -DR from septic patientsand healthy controls In septic patients the intracellular expression ... that the transcriptional expressionof HLA -DR mRNA was not altered in sepsis In the present study, it has been demonstrated that the transcription of HLA -DR in septic patients was significantly ... regulation of HLA -DR at the level of gene transcription has been investigated inpatients with sepsis, this correlated with high cortisol levelsand was thought to be acting on the down regulation...
... 5a) These results indicate that IL-6 is the dominant STAT3-activating factor contained in sera of active RA patients The lack of STAT1 activation by RA serum suggests that much higher concentrations ... IL-10-induced STAT1 phosphorylation was not detected in either RA CD4+ Tcells or normal CD4+ Tcells (Fig 4a) These results indicate that STAT3 is the major IL10-activated STAT in CD4+ T cells, and ... elucidate the resistance of CD4+ Tcells to this direct inhibition in RA, we investigated the production of IFN-γ after CD3 and CD28 costimulation in the presence of IL-10, the induction of STAT1 and...
... were included in the study Characteristics of CF patientsand control subjects are shown in Table Twenty-two of the CF patients were using inhaled antibiotics as maintenance treatment 21 patients ... levelsof IL-22 and IL-23 in sputum of stable CF patientsand to relate expressionof these cytokines in sputum to the chronicity of airway infection Methods Study population and study design Adult ... protein and mRNA levelsand also of IL-23 mRNA in sputum of clinically stable CF patients as compared to healthy controls, thus suggesting a potential role of Th17 cellsin the pathophysiology of...
... expression, consistent with the proposal that the prostratin induction of Cyclin T1 /P-TEFb plays a role in the stimulation of the NL4-3-Luc-Tat+ virus We note that it is possible that prostratin may also ... reporter virus encoding a non-functional Tat protein (NL4-3-Luc-Tat-) was used to infect resting CD4+ T cell In contrast to the virus expressing a functional Tat protein, the Tat- virus infections ... activity in vitro, are affected by prostratin treatment For detection of total 7SK levels, we carried out Northern blots of total RNA isolated from control and prostratin-treated cells (Fig 3A) Total...
... 5¢-ATGGACGCTGAAT TCCGTCACGACTCTGGTTACGAAGTTCACCACCAG AAGCTGGTG-3¢; Abb, 5¢-GTTCACCACCAGAAGCT GGTGTTCTTCGCTGAAGACGTGGGTTCTAACAAG GGTGCT-3¢; Abc, 5¢-CACAACGCCACCAACCATCAGA CCGATGATAGCACCCTTGTTAGAACCCAC-3¢; ... band migrated between and kDa (Fig 2) These data indicate that both peptides accumulate in inclusion bodies, and that Ab(L1–40) is the dominant protein in the inclusion bodies In contrast, the ... effects on hippocampal neurons, causing inhibition of MTT reduction within h of treatment and neuritic degeneration and cell loss upon prolonged treatment Importantly, these results indicated that...
... able to reconstitute the activity by using the treatment that successfully restored the bacterial protein [21,33] Interestingly, the same difficulty in stripping off the metallocofactor from the ... it from the protein at acidic pH Both the different sensitivity to EDTA, and the lower kcat value exhibited by the human protein with respect to the bacterial counterpart suggest that the active ... in the brain of a murine model of the syndrome [18,19] Interestingly, picolinate is reportedly able to prevent the neurotoxic effects of quinolinate in the rat central nervous system, suggesting...
... are interesting in this context Although a detailed study of the cystatin F transport route was beyond the scope of the present investigation, the fact that cystatin F is present in significant ... underestimate of the real production of cystatin F in U937 cells The high portion of intracellular cystatin F led us to fractionate cells to determine the localization of the inhibitor Initially cells ... not affect the degradation Thus, cystatin F has the potential to regulate two different enzyme activities relevant for antigen presentation In this context, it is intriguing that the cystatin...
... for site-directed mutagenesis by the siteelimination technique according to Zakour [32] Hybridization of the mismatch primer 5¢-CTCCACCTCCATG GATTTTATTTTCC-3¢ to the FLS 5¢ coding region introduced ... spectropolarimeter was equipped with a cylindrical quartz cuvette with a pathlength of 0.05 cm The temperature of the cell holder was maintained at °C by a circulating water thermostat and the instrument ... marginal effect on the enzyme activity [7] On the assumption that Gly68, Pro207 or Gly261 might be required for structural integrity of the active FLS, point mutations were initiated aiming at the...
... consistent with the total outcome of the constitutive expressionof the full-length and the differentiation stage-dependent expressionof WISP1v in vitro Effect of overexpression of CCN4/WISP1 and ... in growth plate chondrocytes Distribution of CCN4/WISP1 proteins in growth cartilage in vivo In general, the distribution of a protein in a certain tissue is closely associated with its function ... structures of the corresponding mRNAs and deduced translational products are illustrated Owing to the alternative splicing, a frameshift mutation was introduced, thus resulting in a premature termination...
... note that both of them can catalyze the sulfation of the two hydroxychlorobiphenyls tested, with SULT1 ST1 being more effective than SULT1 ST2 Table shows the kinetic constants determined for the ... regulation of the activity of the zebrafish ST by these divalent metal cations and their modes of action Fig Effects of divalent metal cations on the sulfating activity of the zebrafish SULT1 STs and ... maintained in aquaria heated to 28 °C [24] In their natural habitat, however, they are subjected to fluctuation in body temperature An intriguing issue therefore is related to the stability of...
... isocratic elution with 8% (v/v) acetonitrile in water containing 0.1% (v/v) trifluoroacetic acid The identification of the flavin cofactor was obtained by comparing the retention time of the eluted ... the expected molecular size of the polypeptides, all the proteins of interest were present in the soluble fraction of the induced cell in the case of the expressionof pET22b(+)/touBEA and /touC, ... and D, and changing the concentration of each single component Figure shows the effects on the rate of reaction of increasing ratios of Tomo F, Tomo C and Tomo D with respect to Tomo H in the presence...