difference between financial cost and managerial accounting

... c d e f Cost understanding Cost reduction Cost avoidance for the cost of call-forwarding; the increase in costs for staff shows a recognition of client need and services to be provided Cost avoidance ... planned performance and explanations of differences are developed By understanding why differences exist, managers can take actions to minimize future differences between the actual and planned amounts ... control efforts Discretionary fixed costs are incurred as a result of managerial judgment Examples of such costs are research and development and advertising Costs considered as committed by one

Ngày tải lên: 28/02/2018, 08:14

... Absorption/Variable Costing? ?and? ?Cost? ?Volume­Profit Analysis 29 30 Chapter 11 Absorption/Variable Costing? ?and? ?Cost? ?Volume­Profit Analysis 15 If fixed costs increase? ?and? ?selling price? ?and? ?variable costs  remain constant, contribution margin will not change because  ... Chapter 13 Absorption? ?and? ?Variable Costing Chapter 11 Absorption/Variable Costing? ?and? ?Cost? ?Volume­Profit Analysis Questions The two basic differences? ?between? ?absorption? ?and? ?variable  costing lie in the treatment of fixed factory overhead? ?and? ?the ... production sufficiently to be considered an inventoriable  cost Chapter 11 Absorption/Variable Costing? ?and? ?Cost? ?Volume­Profit Analysis 55 65 a Fixed costs that would increase include the additional  equipment costs? ?and? ?salaries for testing, treating, 

Ngày tải lên: 28/02/2018, 08:14

... those costs in an activity-based costing system than in a traditional costing system The result should be a more accurate reflection of product cost 12 By using a single cost pool and a single cost ... thereby shifting costs to the standard product lines ABC does a better job of tracing costs to the products that caused the various costs by using multiple cost pools and multiple cost drivers 13 ... relationship between the cost and the cost pool 78 15 Chapter Activity-Based Cost Systems for Management Benefits of activity-based costing include these: • Focusing on value-added and non-value-added

Ngày tải lên: 28/02/2018, 08:14

... investments just as cash flows are the final objective of any  investment.? ?Accounting? ?income ultimately becomes cash flow but is reported based on accruals? ?and? ?other? ?accounting? ?assumptions and? ?conventions. These? ?accounting? ?practices? ?and? ?assumptions  ... service quality.  Alternatively, cutting advertising  costs? ?and? ?other marketing costs may have much less effect on product quality Chapter 14 Capital Budgeting 79     80 147 b Any? ?cost? ?cutting measures that affect employee? ?and? ? managerial? ?training or research? ?and? ?development will have ... The improvement of future capital project revenue? ?and? ? cost? ?estimates through analyzing variations? ?between? ? expected? ?and? ?actual results from previous projects? ?and? ? the motivational effect on personnel arising from the 

Ngày tải lên: 28/02/2018, 08:14

... management and workers, and destruction of a corporate culture of cooperation between managers and workers Downsizing is an accounting issue because it is a financial decision Costs and benefits ... of costs and benefits The largest benefit derived is the savings in labor costs that will occur over future periods The costs are mostly incurred currently for restructuring costs Because costs ... information between engineering and marketing, engineering could be more quickly and completely informed about customer concerns and preferences about product features and quality c Cost management

Ngày tải lên: 28/02/2018, 08:14

... noncompliance Costs of compliance include prevention and appraisal costs Costs of failure or noncompliance include internal failure costs and external failure costs Quality is never free Significant costs ... rework cost on “seconds” (300 units × $10 unit rework cost) Profit lost Rework cost incurred Total failure cost $ 9,000 c Total failure cost Prevention and appraisal cost Total quality cost $ ... Rework costs (600 × $6) Cost of warranty work Cost of customer returns (200 × $5) Total costs of failure $24,000 3,600 2,500 1,000 $31,100 c Total costs of failure Prevention costs Appraisal costs

Ngày tải lên: 28/02/2018, 08:14

... fees 16 Research and development costs are treated as product costs of life-cycle costing, whereas they are expensed as period costs for financial accounting Treating R&D as product costs gives a ... Incremental variable costs associated with preparing, receiving, and paying for an order are called ordering costs and include the cost of forms and a variety of clerical costs In manufacturing ... operations, the cost table will facilitate determining how product cost is affected by alternative product and process designs 14 A major distinction between kaizen costing and target costing is seen

Ngày tải lên: 28/02/2018, 08:15

... performance, and making decisions Some information generated by cost accounting is used in management accounting and some in financial accounting Thus, cost essentially links financial and management accounting ... transactions Cost accounting is a subset of both financial and managerial accounting It provides information on product/service cost that is used on the balance sheet and income statement Managerial accounting ... companies Cost accounting is a subset of management accounting Cost accounting focuses on the determination of product or service cost Management accounting includes the provision of all internal accounting

Ngày tải lên: 28/02/2018, 08:15

... valid and fair and to understand how their actions influence the measures 14 Feedback critical needs to Positive 15 The traditional performance evaluation measures for cost centers are standard cost ... profit center or an investment center The only difference between net cash flow from operations and accounting income are accounting accruals Because many accounting accruals are susceptible to manipulation ... local tax differences, fluctuations in currency rates, and local cost of living differences Exercises 48 a b c d e f g h i 12 10 11 j k l m n o p q 13 14 15 16 17 49 Chapter 19 Measuring and Rewarding

Ngày tải lên: 28/02/2018, 08:15

... cost as variable cost, while Goodbrake Division defines cost as absorption cost 47 48 a Total variable cost Variable production cost Variable selling cost $14 $17 per unit b Full production cost ... in food costs has created a significant difference between the “historical cost? ?? of items and the “replacement cost? ?? of items Because transfers between stores are made at historical costs, the ... satisfaction, throughput, and product quality 11 The four types of responsibility centers are cost, revenue, profit, and investment centers Cost centers focus primarily on costs Revenue centers focus

Ngày tải lên: 28/02/2018, 08:15

... In a standard? ?cost? ?system, actual costs? ?and? ?standard costs are recorded.  Only the standard costs flow through the product  cost? ?accounts.  The differences? ?between? ?actual? ?and? ?standard  costs are captured in variance accounts.  By adding the  ... product pricing, or product discontinuance.  The use of  obsolete standards would impair such analyses Standard costs are carried through the? ?accounting? ?system  in a standard? ?cost? ?system.  Retaining the current  standards? ?and? ?expanding the analysis of variances would  ... A second way in which automation may affect a standard  cost? ?system is that direct labor? ?and? ?overhead costs may be  combined into a conversion? ?cost? ?category? ?and? ?assigned to  production at a standard variable? ?and/ or fixed rate.  Control 

Ngày tải lên: 28/02/2018, 08:15

... relationship to exist between the cost predictor and the cost All that is required is that there be a strong correlation between movement in the predictor and the cost Alternatively, a cost driver is ... Systems and Methods of Product Costing Questions Historical costs are used in cost accounting to provide the needed information to determine amounts for balance sheet inventory items and cost of ... Systems and Methods of Product Costing A product cost is one that is associated with inventory In a retailer, product costs are the costs of purchasing inventory and the related freight-in costs

Ngày tải lên: 28/02/2018, 08:15

... To predict overhead? ?cost? ?for a specific volume of production,  costs must be separated into those that are volume dependent  (variable costs),? ?and? ?those that are volume independent (fixed costs).  The expected overhead for a given period is the sum  ... costs).  The expected overhead for a given period is the sum  of the projected fixed? ?cost? ?plus the total variable? ?cost.   The total variable? ?cost? ?is a function of the variable? ?cost? ?per  unit? ?and? ?the expected volume of production.  15 ... objectives,? ?and? ?forecasts in developing plans for production,  revenues, costs, cash flows,? ?and? ?resource procurement.   Budgeting originates with strategic planning.  As goals are  implemented? ?and? ?programs developed, management needs 

Ngày tải lên: 28/02/2018, 08:15

... and pants further d Joint costs allocated to shirts: Additional costs $69,000 10,000 Chapter Cost Allocation for Joint Products and By-Products Total costs for 8,000 units $79,000 238 Sales Cost ... cover any costs which might potentially be assigned to them.) Under some accounting treatments using the net realizable approach to accounting for by-products and scrap, joint process costs are ... exceed the anticipated incremental costs Cost allocation refers to the assignment of an indirect cost to a cost object using some reasonable method Since production costs are incurred in a joint process

Ngày tải lên: 28/02/2018, 14:23

... match these costs with the benefits they generate: new products and services Product costs: For internal purposes, activity-based cost assignments may be used to better understand cost causality ... which costs are important and which costs are controllable For example, in the design stage, no production costs are being incurred; so, a focus on production costs would be ineffective and inappropriate ... the research and development costs and amortize them over the life cycle of the products Since GAAP rules don’t allow capitalization, the research and development and promotion costs get expensed

Ngày tải lên: 28/02/2018, 14:23

... The three valuation methods are actual, normal,? ?and? ?standard costing.  In actual costing, only the actual amounts of  materials, labor,? ?and? ?overhead costs are assigned to  production.  Normal costing differs from actual costing in  ... be for quantities, prices, or both.  The differences? ?between? ? actual? ?and? ?standard charges to WIP are called variances? ?and? ? will be computed as production gets under way A company would use a standard? ?cost? ?job order system to  ... the actual or normal costs A job is a unit of work? ?and? ?may contain one or many product  units.  In a job order costing system it is necessary to  specify each job because the job is the? ?cost? ?object? ?and? ?costs 

Ngày tải lên: 28/02/2018, 14:23

... for at standard costs The actual costs of each process or each department are also captured in a standard costing system and variances can be computed as differences between the standard and actual ... full cost of production 14 The standard process costing and FIFO process costing equivalent units of production are the same because standard process costing requires a comparison of the actual cost ... with current costs The separation of prior and current period costs (and units) is the FIFO method of process costing 15 Under a standard costing system, the Material, In-Process, and Finished

Ngày tải lên: 28/02/2018, 14:23

... selling? ?and? ?administrative costs are avoidable.  After  products are completed, nearly all costs are unavoidable.  All variable? ?and? ?fixed production costs are sunk? ?and,  therefore,  unavoidable.  Some variable selling costs may be avoidable but ... Relevant Costing a The relevant factors include the? ?difference? ?between? ?the  starting salaries for B.A.s? ?and? ?M.A.s, time until  retirement, time to complete the M.A.,? ?and? ?the out­of­ pocket costs to obtain the M.A.  ... Opportunity costs          $ 76,600 Out­of­pocket costs          51,000 Total costs                $127,600 The out­of­pocket? ?cost? ?would include the? ?cost? ?of tuition, books, lab fees,? ?and? ?other direct educational costs.  It 

Ngày tải lên: 28/02/2018, 14:24

... information needs and to provide product costing information for external financial statements. Cost accounting creates an overlap between financial accounting and man- agement accounting. Cost accounting ... financial accounting information is useful to managers in performing their daily functions. Cost accounting creates an overlap between financial accounting and man- agement accounting. Cost accounting ... requirements. Relationship of Financial and Management Accounting to Cost Accounting Cost accounting is defined as “a technique or method for determining the cost of a project, process, or thing. . . . This cost is...

Ngày tải lên: 18/12/2013, 09:13

... functions. Cost accounting creates an overlap between financial accounting and man- agement accounting. Cost accounting integrates with financial accounting by pro- viding product costing information ... competitors? Where in the cost structure (for example, cost of raw materials, cost of product, cost of selling, cost of dis- tributing, cost of advertising and marketing) are the differences most pronounced? 5. ... as determining core competencies and organizational constraints from a cost- benefit perspective and assessing the positive and negative financial and nonfinancial fac- tors of strategic and operational plans....

Ngày tải lên: 08/04/2014, 01:20