... assisted in the design ofthe study andthe molecular cloning AKM performed the cloning, gene expression, purification, immunoassays and drafted the manuscript STN conceived ofthe study and participated ... control sera confirmed the specificity ofthe assay and secondary only controls demonstrated the low level of background in these assays Analysis ofthe antibody response in rats and demonstration ... that they are preceded by epizootics in livestock These livestock epizootics serve as an amplification step in the spread ofthevirus Prevention of disease in animals through the use of a safe and...
... Y(t) ¼ e–kt · 100%, where Y is the percentage ofthe linear form, and t is the refolding time For the rate of increase ofthe native form in the presence of cPDI, the original data were fitted by ... Ymax(1 ) e–kt ) · 100%, where Y is the percentage ofthe native form, and t is the refolding time For the rate of increase ofthe native form in the absence of cPDI, the original data were fitted by ... the rate of increase ofthe native form, the original data were fitted by Y(t) ¼ Ymax(1 ) e–kt) · 100%, where Y is the percentage ofthe native form, and t is the refolding time For the rate of...
... Consequently, the molecular studies ofthe interaction of SAgs with their specifics ligands will not only advance understanding ofthe physiological mechanisms of these molecules, but may lead to the development ... species; reduction and alkylation, and mutation ofthe Cys implicated in the intermolecular disulfide bridge Analysis ofthe three-dimensional structure of SSA [31] to determine which ofthe remaining ... treatment of several pathologies and because ofthe potential use ofthe toxins as biological weapons Alteration of their MHC and TCR binding capacity by site directed mutagenesis could be useful in the...
... PCR at either the 5¢-end or 3¢-end ofthe coding regions ofthe two HRT cDNAs The resulting fragments were sequenced, digested with NcoI and BamHI, and ligated into the NcoI–BamHI vector of pET32b(+), ... pET32b(+), yielding the expression plasmids pETHRT1 and pETHRT2 Each ofthe expression plasmids was used for transformation of E coli BL21(DE3), and mL of an overnight culture ofthe transformant in Luria–Bertani ... Overexpression of HRT1 and HRT2 in E coli and purification of HRT2 The pETHRT1 and pETHRT2 were constructed and introduced into E coli BL21(DE3) The expression of these genes were induced by addition of 0.5...
... elucidate the dose-dependence ofthe regulation ofthe activity ofthe zebrafish ST by these divalent metal cations and their modes of action Fig Effects of divalent metal cations on the sulfating ... dopamine and T3, whereas zebrafish SULT1 ST2 was more active toward the thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), estrone, and dopa Whether these activities reflect truly the physiological functions ofthe two ... optima ofthe ZF SULT1 ST2 correspond to two distinct conformational states ofthe enzyme remains to be clarified A number of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds were then tested as substrates for the...
... biosynthesis ofthe lipopeptides The experiments performed in the present study showed that this AAT can form Glu and Asp, andthe formation of Glu and Asp is used to synthesize Gln and Asn, respectively ... stabilizes the protonated N(1) ofthe co-enzyme to strengthen the electron-withdrawing capacity ofthe co-enzyme [15] The active site Lys258 transfers a proton from the amino acid substrate to the cofactor ... PLP, whereas the Arg403 residue is responsible for recognizing the a-COO) ofthe substrate These functions are performed by the corresponding residues of Asp222, Lys258 and Arg386 ofthe AAT from...
... on the activity ofthe TPS was determined as shown in Figs and Fig shows the effect of increasing concentrations of either UDP– glucose or GDP–glucose in the presence of saturating levels of ... for the four substrates shown in the reaction It seems likely that under the appropriate conditions in the cell, the enzyme can catalyze either the synthesis or the degradation of trehalose Another ... glucose (G) shock Disruption of this gene did impair development of hyphae and did decrease the infectivity ofthe organism, but it was not lethal Thus, the rate of growth ofthe mutant at 30 °C was...
... trehalose and maltose are applied to the sides ofthe paper to determine the locations of these sugars, and those areas ofthe papers can be eluted to isolate the individual sugars which can then ... catalytic mechanism of TreS, each ofthe radioactive substrates was incubated with the enzyme in the presence of high concentrations ofthe unlabeled product, andthe formation of radioactive product ... high-speed centrifugation and TreS activity was located both in the supernatant fraction and in the pellet However, the majority ofthe activity in the pellet could be released into the soluble fraction...
... in the presence of glucose and tamXG, 38% ofthe added XG was incorporated into the cellulose pellicle and microscopic analysis showed the formation of cross-linkages between the ribbons [6] The ... same way except for the presence ofthe linker andthe family-2 CBM at the C terminus of XEG74 The molecular masses of Cel9A-68 (CD + family3c CBM) and Cel48ACD, both cloned with the Cel6A signal ... known amounts of substrate (0–1500 lg), andthe approximate relationship between the glucose standard curve andthe nmoles of XGOs produced was determined for both the PAHBAH andthe bicinchoninic...
... basis ofthe end ofthe 5¢-UTR andthe first 20 bp ofthe fowlicidin signal peptide cDNA sequence, a set 1574 of primers was designed Several positive clones containing inserts of 545, 530 and 555 ... inhibiting the synthesis of one of their cell wall layers [40,41] Cathelicidins can kill both Grampositive and -negative bacteria, enveloped viruses including HIV, and fungi including Candida and Cryptococcus ... analyses of Cc-CATHs and avian cathelicidins on the basis ofthe proregion (A) and mature domain (B) The phylogenetic dendrogram was constructed by the Neighbor-joining method based on the proportion...
... NaoA The pI of NaoA is about 5.2 according to the standard plot between the protein’s pI and its migration distance (cm) in IEF The optimal pH and temperature of purified NaoA Fig Assay of NaoA ... reading and help in preparation of this paper REFERENCES Venulet, J & Van-Etten, R.L (1970) Biochemistry and pharmacology ofthe nitro and nitroso group In The Chemistry ofthe Nitro and Nitroso ... volume Nitrite released from the reaction was determined by the method of Little [28] One unit of NaoA is defined as the amount of enzyme required to catalyze the formation of lmol nitriteÆmin)1 Carbonyl...
... (underlined) andthe first 25nt ofthe gE ORF, andthe reverse primer (P2) 5'-CCGCTCGAGTCAGATGCGGAAACTAGA-3', with a XhoI site, protective base (underlined) andthe last 18nt ofthe gE The PCR reagent ... experiments These results indicated that the antiserum had a high level of reactivity and specificity, andthe antiserum was used for further experiments to study the intracellular localization ofthe ... mediate the intracellular traffic of DPV gE protein The research will provide useful clues for further understanding the localization properties ofthe alphaherpesvirus gE homologs Currently, there...
... become the prerequisite for the persistence of H pylori on the gastric epithelial cells andthe subsequent immune responses ofthe host To begin with, adherence of H pylori on the gastric epithelium ... between the Dutch and Chinese isolates was the highest They therefore concluded that cagA-positive H pylori populations in China andthe Netherlands are distinct Similarly, in the study of vacA ... Characteristics of Helicobacter pylori Two morphological forms of H pylori cells were observed: spiral formand coccoid form Spiral-shaped H pylori is the active form which is capable of colonization and...
... 4.5 Understanding ofthe nature ofthe interaction between Osh7p and Vps4p and future directions 108 4.6 Understanding the nature of Osh7p modification 109 4.7 Future directions ofthe project ... al., 1993) Thus, the regulation of sterol homeostasis appears to require many ofthe similar genes andproteins in yeast and human and much ofthe work in defining the role of sterol in eukaryotic ... ofthe membrane proteins within the limiting membrane ofthe endosome is sorted into these invaginating vesicles Subsequent fusion ofthe mature MVB with the vacuole results in the delivery of...
... PCR method To amplify the coding region ofthe x-5 gliadin gene, PCR primers were designed at the position ofthe initiation and termination codons ofthe gene based on the nucleotide sequences ... performed on serum from each ofthe three patients with WDEIA and who had been diagnosed by provocation test, to compare the IgEbinding ability of nOG5 and rOG5C The IgE antibodies in the sera of ... identical andthe 1413 bp DNA ofthe sequenced x-5a gene is the same length as the PCR products indicating that the cloned x-5a gene has no artificial deletion The existence of repeat sequences of QQXP,...
... to their positions The arrowheads depict the residues important for the structural coreofthe IL-10 gene The underlined amino acid residues are the signal sequences ofthe respective genes The ... isolated and its genomic structure and expression analysis investigated This work will pave the way for further investigation ofthe biological function of this gene, andthe probability ofthe presence ... formthe helices in the human IL-10 sequence show a degree of similarity to the carp IL-10 sequence The most highly conserved stretch in the IL-10 family is at the C-terminus in the C-helix and...
... understanding of their physiology In conclusion, we successfully performed cDNA cloning of EcR and USP of L decemlineata, and in vitro translation of corresponding receptor proteinsThe translated proteins ... to previously reported EcR A-isoform of other insects Thus we concluded that the longer cDNA encodes L decemlineata EcR A-isoform (LdEcR-A) On the other hand, the shorter sequence (488 amino ... 6.29 and L migratoria USP showed higher homology to RXR of human and mouse than USP isoforms of dipteran and lepidopteran insects Thus, the functions of USP of L decemlineata, T molitor and L...
... cycles) and at 72 °C, for a total of 21 cycles The PCR product was puri®ed using a QIAquickTM kit and cloned into the BamHI and XhoI sites ofthe pGEX-4T-1 expression vector The sequence ofthe insert ... lg of platelet protein and 0.5 lg of GST and GST±Rab proteins; (B) an [a-32P]GTP overlay [17] of a nitrocellulose blot of a gel containing 40 lg of platelet protein, 0.5 lg of GST and 0.5 lg of ... sensitivity to the binding of GTP [8] There is support for this view from the crystal structure ofthe complex of Rab3A/GTP/Mg2+ with the effector domain of rabphilin-3A, which shows that elements of RabSF1,...
... other species, except in the case of sheep tryptases and [13], where the identity reaches 82–83% Themajorand more significant difference between BLT and BLCT resides at positions 188–189 ofthe ... Furthermore, analysis of BLCT and BLT expression in bovine heart and spleen has shown that both enzymes are present in these tissues at the mRNA level The simultaneous expression ofthe two isoforms ... electrophoresis andthe bands eluted, purified and subcloned in the PCRIITM TOPO vector containing the lac promoter andthe b-galactosidase gene, using the TA Cloning Kit (Invitrogen, USA) Transformation...
... the synthesis ofthe first-strand cDNA using the First-Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (Amersham Biosciences), according to manufacturer’s instructions One-microliter aliquots ofthe 33 lL first-strand ... amplify the complete coding region of this novel zebrafish SULT With zebrafish total RNA as the template and oligo(dT) as the primer, the first-strand cDNA was synthesized using the First-Strand cDNA ... detected in the embryos until the segmentation period (12–24 h post fertilization); it then gradually increased to a high level of expression throughout the rest ofthe embryonic development and the...