chemical biological reactions or solid liquid phase change
CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN GAS, LIQUID AND SOLID PHASES: SYNTHESIS, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATION pptx
... Ryszard M Kozlowski Institute for Engineering of Polymer Materials and Dyes Torun, Poland In: Chemical Reactions in Gas, Liquid and Solid Phases… ISBN: 978-1-61668-671-0 Editors: G E Zaikov, R M Kozlowski, ... researches [7, 8] performed in our laboratory as well [9 – 13] it has been found that ULD of BAS injected to the laboratory animals, cellular culture or suspension of biological membranes changed the structural ... AND APPLICATIONS CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN GAS, LIQUID AND SOLID PHASES: SYNTHESIS, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATION G E ZAIKOV AND R M KOZLOWSKI EDITORS Nova Science Publishers, Inc New York Copyright ©...
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Supported group II transition metal catalysts in liquid phase reactions using borrowing hydrogen methodology 2
... hereby declare that this thesis is my original work and it has been written by me in its entirety, under the supervision of Prof Stephan Jaenicke, (in the laboratory catalysis lab in S5-04-04 and ... of Singapore, between August 2008 and December 2012 I have duly acknowledged all the sources of information which have been used in the thesis This thesis has also not been submitted for any degree ... Chuah, S Jaenicke*, N-alkylation of amines by alcohols over alumina-entrapped Ag catalysts using “borrowing hydrogen” methodology, J Catal 292.(2012) 130 Liu huihui Name Liu huihui Signature 28/12/2012...
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Supported group II transition metal catalysts in liquid phase reactions using borrowing hydrogen methodology 1
... catalysts for liquid phase reactions using the hydrogen borrowing methodology Heterogeneous group 11 transition metals (Au, Ag and Cu) had been shown to be active in many liquid phase reactions ... coupling of organoboron reagents with various organic halides has broadened its scope, becoming one of the most important transformations leading to the formation of a C–C bond, since organoboron reagents ... temperature or H2 pressure, can change the product, and the reduction step needs to be optimized for each individual supported metal precatalyst 1.1.2 Group 11 based catalysts in liquid phase reactions...
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Synthesis of zr beta zeolite in fluoride medium and its applications in catalytic liquid phase reactions
... Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Associate Professor, S Jaenicke, for giving me the opportunity to work in his laboratory Without his enthusiasm, ... basic media or in fluoride media Its large, three-dimensional micropore structure combined with its acidic properties makes it a promising selective catalyst for liquid- phase organic reactions ... fluoride They found that at near neutral pH the incorporation of Ti into the framework appeared to present an upper limit of ca 2.3 Ti/u.c After calcination, Ti incorporation in the framework...
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Increasing energy efficiency of HVAC systems of buildings using phase change material
... [11] Ravikumar M., Srinivasan P S S., Phase Change Material as a Thermal Energy Storage Material for Cooling of Buildings Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 2008, 4, 503-511 ... allows for 100% of the ventilated air to be from the outside rather than re-circulating a portion of the indoor air, thereby providing health benefits For example, it is not uncommon for conventional ... chilled or hot water through the ceilings and walls of office buildings and the floors of residential units for temperature control, while only distributing the volume of air required for ventilation...
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Experimental study of passive cooling of building facade using phase change materials to increase thermal comfort in buildings in hot humid areas
... is out of phase There two methods for incorporating phase change materials inside the building material currently in use are impregnation of PCMs into porous materials and direct incorporation ... heat storage capacity of building materials has been recognized since ancient times Heating a liquid or a solid, without changing phase is called sensible heat storage However, in order for sensible ... Phase change material as a thermal energy Storage material for cooling of building”, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 2008, vol 4, pp 503-511 A Madumathi is a Doctoral...
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Growth of amorphous silicon nanowires via a solid–liquid–solid mechanism
... more Si atoms will diffuse through the solid Žsubstrate liquid interface into the liquid phase Ži.e., the Ni Si droplets A second liquid solid Žnanowire interface will form when the liquid phase ... Žusually Ni, or Fe as impurity act as a liquid- forming agent which reacts with the vapor 226 H.F Yan et al.r Chemical Physics Letters 323 (2000) 224–228 phase and forms NiSi eutectic liquid droplets ... high enough in the vapor phase In these two cases, growth of the SiNWs is controlled by the well-known vapor liquid solid ŽVLS mechanism, in which the vapor phase plays an important role in the...
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Controlled growth of oriented amorphous silicon nanowires via a solid–liquid–solid (SLS) mechanism
... Ni, or Fe as impurity) act as a liquid- forming agent, which reacts with the vapor phase, and forms the NiSi2 eutectic liquid droplets The vapor phase is rich in Si atoms With the further absorption ... more Si atoms will di use through the solid (the substrate) liquid interface into the liquid- phase (the Ni Si2 droplets) A second liquid solid (nanowire) interface will form when the liquid phase ... summary, oriented silicon nanowires have been grown using Si substrate as Si source via a solid liquid solid mechanism by heating They have uniform length and diameter The growth is explained by solid liquid solid...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Surface density of cellobiohydrolase on crystalline celluloses A critical parameter to evaluate enzymatic kinetics at a solid–liquid interface ppt
... less effect on the hydrolysis of soluble or amorphous cellulose [16], suggesting that the adsorption of the enzyme on the surface via the CBD is important for the effective hydrolysis of crystalline ... Halocynthia and hydrothermally treated Cladophora), suggesting that sufficient space for another 1.5 or 2.3 enzyme molecules per adsorbed molecule must be left free in order to achieve optimum hydrolysis ... from Cladophora; B, cellulose Ib from Halocynthia; C, cellulose Ib from hydrothermally treated Cladophora inappropriate for cellobiohydrolases, since only adsorbed enzyme represents ‘working enzyme’...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Protein oligomerization induced by oleic acid at the solid–liquid interface – equine lysozyme cytotoxic complexes potx
... authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors Such materials are peer-reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or ... Modes of conformational changes of proteins adsorbed on a planar hydrophobic polymer surface reflecting their adsorption behaviors J Colloid Interface Sci 290, 91–101 Sethuraman A & Belfort G (2005) ... (central) for h are stained with acridine orange, showing a green fluorescence Cells exposed to 12.4 lM ELOA for h (right) show both acridine orange (green) and ethidium bromiden (orange) staining,...
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solid-liquid filtration and separation technology
... Porous Media 35 The former is a result of the stationary layer of liquid that occurs at the surface of the solid object, the drag or pressure loss is, therefore, due to fiction between the solid ... Filtration, m which the solid- liquid mixture is directed towards a “medium” (screen, paper, woven cloth, membrane, etc.) The liquid phase or filtrate flows through the latter whilst solids are retained, ... or withinthe medium Separationby Sedimentation or Settling m a force field (gravitational, centrifbgal) Wherein advantage is taken of differences m phase densities between the solid and the liquid...
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controlling phase change through ultrafast excitation of coherent phonons
... such as bismuth Acknowledgments Support for this work by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) (FA9550-08-10091) and the Sandia National Laboratory (No 620550) are gratefully acknowledged ... pulse separation of 406 fs for enhancement and 610 fs for cancellation For the four pulse measurements the normalized pulse amplitudes were 1.0, 0.15, 1.0 and 0.15 For double-pulse excitation ... for damage can be extrapolated as the x-intercept of the fitted line It was found for double-pulse excitation, the minimum total fluence required for damage with 5,000 pulses was 3.2 mJ/cm2 for...
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measurement of solid liquid interface temperature during pulsed excimer laser melting of polycrystalline silicon films
... the directional spectral absorptivity: ⑀ Ј ͑ , , ,T ͒ ϭ ␣ Ј ͑ , , ,T ͒ ͑3͒ For an opaque material ͑such as liquid silicon͒, the spectral directional absorptivity can be expressed as ... simulation for quantities such as melt depth and melt Xu, Grigoropoulos, and Russo Downloaded¬13¬Dec¬2007¬to¬128.46.193.173.¬Redistribution¬subject¬to¬AIP¬license or copyright;¬see¬http://apl.aip.org/apl/copyright.jsp ... the case of surface evaporation, the solid liquid interface velocity increases only slightly with fluence; the excess laser energy is consumed by the latent heat of vaporization The experimental...
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Experimental and numerical investigation of heat transferand phase change phenomena during excimer laser interactionwith nickel
... evaporation[ "2# 2[2[ Numerical approach The di.culty associated with computing the phase change problem is that locations of the solid: liquid and liquid: vapor interfaces are not known as a priori[ ... to evaporation was not considered in the calculation[ In the present work\ a numerical model based on the enthalpy formulation is developed to track both the solid: liquid and liquid: vapor interfaces[ ... numerical model for computing the transient tem! perature and phase change due to pulsed excimer laser irradiation was developed[ This model tracked both the solid: liquid and liquid: vapor interfaces\...
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jht xu willis non equilibrium phase change in metal induced by ns pulsed laser irradiation
... homogeneous nucleation, or explosive phase change occurs, which turns the liquid into a mixture of liquid and vapor, leaving the surface like an explosion To analyze phase change induced by pulsed ... surface normal vaporization versus volumetric phase explosion When phase explosion occurs, the liquid layer is ablated, therefore, the ablation depth is much greater than that of surface evaporation ... the Doring and Volmer’s theory ͓23,24͔ According to this theory, the frequency of spontaneous nucleation is calculated as Jϭ exp ͩ ͪ ϪW cr , k BT (4) where W cr is the energy needed for vapor...
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molecular dynamics simulation of heat transfer and phase change during
... heat transfer, melting, evaporation, material ablation are emphasized in this work Phase change relevant parameters, such as the velocity of solid- liquid and liquid- vapor interfaces, ablation rate, ... laser pulse of 0.03 J/m In order to find out the rate of melting and evaporation, criteria are needed to determine the solid- liquid and liquidvapor interfaces For solid argon, the average number ... gives a good approximation of the liquidvapor interface region expands because liquid is less dense than solid At about 20 ps, both solid- liquid and liquid- vapor interfaces stop moving The velocities...
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non equilibrium phase change in metal induced by nanosecond
... homogeneous nucleation, or explosive phase change occurs, which turns the liquid into a mixture of liquid and vapor, leaving the surface like an explosion To analyze phase change induced by pulsed ... surface normal vaporization versus volumetric phase explosion When phase explosion occurs, the liquid layer is ablated, therefore, the ablation depth is much greater than that of surface evaporation ... the Doring and Volmer’s theory ͓23,24͔ According to this theory, the frequency of spontaneous nucleation is calculated as Jϭ exp ͩ ͪ ϪW cr , k BT (4) where W cr is the energy needed for vapor...
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molecular dynamics simulation of heat transfer and phase change during
... heat transfer, melting, evaporation, material ablation are emphasized in this work Phase change relevant parameters, such as the velocity of solid- liquid and liquid- vapor interfaces, ablation rate, ... laser pulse of 0.03 J/m In order to find out the rate of melting and evaporation, criteria are needed to determine the solid- liquid and liquidvapor interfaces For solid argon, the average number ... gives a good approximation of the liquidvapor interface region expands because liquid is less dense than solid At about 20 ps, both solid- liquid and liquid- vapor interfaces stop moving The velocities...
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molecular dynamics simulation of heat transfer and phase change during
... heat transfer, melting, evaporation, material ablation are emphasized in this work Phase change relevant parameters, such as the velocity of solid- liquid and liquid- vapor interfaces, ablation rate, ... laser pulse of 0.03 J/m In order to find out the rate of melting and evaporation, criteria are needed to determine the solid- liquid and liquidvapor interfaces For solid argon, the average number ... gives a good approximation of the liquidvapor interface region expands because liquid is less dense than solid At about 20 ps, both solid- liquid and liquid- vapor interfaces stop moving The velocities...
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phase change phenomena during high power laser materials
... threshold for explosive phase change, the superheated liquid turns into a mixture of liquid and vapor propagating into the air as shown in Fig 8b The exact detail in the liquid/ vapor mixture ... or explosive phase transformation occurs, which turns the entire superheated liquid to a mixture and vapor leaving the surface like an explosion The above description defines an upper limit for ... explosive phase change Heterogeneous evaporation occurs at the liquid surface when the laser fluence is low However, when the laser intensity is high enough to induce explosive phase transformation,...
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