ceramic surface engineering of the articulating surfaces effectively minimizes wear and corrosion of metal on metal hip prostheses
Báo cáo vật lý: "Surface Engineering of Titania for Excellent Fibroblast 3T3 Cell-Metal Interaction" pps
... good adherence of 3T3 onto TiO2 However, the adhesion and propagation of the 3T3 cell on TiO2 nanotubes [Fig 9(a)] and foam [Fig 9(c)] was greater than on other surfaces In the case of TiO2 nanotubes, ... modifying the Ti surface into a porous structure with rough surface morphology CONCLUSION Different surfaces of TiO2 vary in terms of adhesion, spreading, growth and differentiation of cells The ... differentiation of the cells were found to be critically dependent on the size of the tube9 and surface roughness.10 However, there is insufficient information regarding comparison of a specific cell on...
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Surface Engineering of Metals - Principles, Equipment and Technologies Part 1 potx
... Table of Contents General Fundamentals of Surface Engineering Part I The concept of surface engineering 1.1 The term surface engineering 1.2 Scope of topics forming the concept of surface engineering ... enhancement of corrosion resistance or creation of contact layers on cast iron and steel (Ni) prior to coating with enamel Conversion deposition is an artificially induced and controlled process of metal ... functioning of electron beam equipment 2.2.1 Electron emission 2.2.2 Thermoelectron emission 2.2.3 Utilization of plasma as a source of electrons 2.2.4 Acceleration of electrons 2.2.5 Electron beam...
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Surface Engineering of Metals - Principles, Equipment and Technologies Part 2 potx
... In the case of gases, electron emission is obtained by ionization of the gas atoms: thermoionization, photoionization and collision ionization (occurring as the result of collisions of atoms with ... with heat and thermo-chemical methods of surface hardening; combined application of nitriding and implantation of nitrogen ions or boriding with implantation of boron ions; application of vacuum ... reduction of energy and material consumption during service of components and appliances operating under conditions of tribological, fatigue or corrosion hazard This implies the application of such...
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Surface Engineering of Metals - Principles, Equipment and Technologies Part 3 pptx
... excitement and ionization of atoms They may also evoke the emission of X-ray and gamma radiation Proportions between the scale of phenomena occurring depend on electron energy and on the nature of the ... [8] Upon falling on the surface of the heated material, the electron beam causes secondary emission (P e) of electrons from the surface and thermoelectron emission (P t) from the treatment zone, ... of the cathode, a strongly developed collision ionization, secondary emission of electrons from the cathode and a special distribution of gas glow in the space between electrodes, dependent on...
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Surface Engineering of Metals - Principles, Equipment and Technologies Part 4 pptx
... both inside and on the surface - is surface energy It is an inseparable property of the surface and its magnitude and distribution depend on the type of chemical bonds, i.e., on the type of the body ... Boundary surfaces exist only when component elements of the solid its atoms, ions or molecules - are mutually bonded by strong forces of adhesion If these forces are small, the dissolution of one ... Present state and directions of development of surface engineering, Part IV - Characteristics and range of applications of beam techniques, as well as possibilities of utilization of these processes...
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Surface Engineering of Metals - Principles, Equipment and Technologies Part 5 pot
... of amplification and excitation of vibrations and together with non-radiant relaxation transitions - it participates in the formation and sustaining of a thermally unstable state of generation ... of resonance stimulation 3.2.2.1 Inversion of occupation of energy levels Inversion of occupation of energy levels consists of inversion of the energy structure of the set of quantum systems, appropriate ... set of quantum systems to emit coherent radiation, it is necessary to fulfill two conditions: – inversion of occupation of energy levels, – creation of conditions favoring the occurrence of resonance...
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Surface Engineering of Metals - Principles, Equipment and Technologies Part 6 doc
... radiation 3.4.3 Depth of penetration of photons into the metal The initial phase of laser heating consists of absorption of photons which are not reflected from the surface by free or bound electrons ... contaminants and atoms of foreign inclusions not have the time needed to diffuse into the surface On the other hand, combined action of temperature and vacuum cleans the surface quickly and effectively ... CRC Press LLC If the condition of not remelting of the surface layer is kept, lowering of power density of the laser beam and shortening of the time of its action is not conducive to qualitatively...
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Surface Engineering of Metals - Principles, Equipment and Technologies Part 8 pot
... hardening of pistons and of piston rings: a) outer diameter surface of piston ring; b) flat side surface of piston ring; c) surface of groove bottom in cast steel and cast iron piston; d) side surface ... crystallographic orientation and on surface condition, its temperature, as well as on the direction and number of ions introduced [8] The distribution of ion concentration comprises several ranges: ... implantation of ions Ion implantation is one of the ion techniques and belongs to the group of technologies for modification of structure, i.e., crystaline, geometric and chemical, of the superficial...
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Surface Engineering of Metals - Principles, Equipment and Technologies Part 9 potx
... same conditions of implantation, wear depends on the type and conditions of friction [39] Fig 4.26 shows the effect of the load acting on the rubbing surfaces on the wear rate Fig 4.27 Effect of ... implantation, exhibit higher wear resistance than the matrix material Given the same friction conditions, wear depends on conditions of implantation, i.e., on the ion dose (Fig 4.24) and the type of ions ... combination of simple ion implantation and recoil implantation (without dimensional changes) Implantation of neutral ions enables improvement in the penetration of layers, while implantation of reactive...
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Surface Engineering of Metals - Principles, Equipment and Technologies Part 11 potx
... 5.8) It constitutes a developed combination of the earlier models, especially of the 5- and 6-zone ones and consists of zones Fig 5.8 Schematic of the 8-zone model of the superficial layer Zone I ... oxidation, friction, corrosion and fatigue In the event of mating with other surfaces in conditions of friction, wear of the superficial layer progresses with time This wear leads not only to a thinning ... emission capability [20] The subject of the next degree of averaging are concentrations of agglomerations with varied spatial location On the surfaces of one type of particle agglomerations there...
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Surface Engineering of Metals - Principles, Equipment and Technologies Part 12 pot
... where: C - concentration of gas in metal after time t; C S- concentration C in condition of saturation; α - coefficient, dependent on physical conditions and on the surface- to-volume ratio of the ... smooth surfaces [9, 40-43] Often, adsorption is treated as surface adsorption Adsorption may occur in static conditions - from a fixed volume phase (static adsorption) and in dynamic conditions ... example, the heat of chemisorption of carbon monoxide on the surface of transition metals is 170 to 350 kJ/mole [9] Fig 5.28 Potential energy vs distance of adsorbate molecule from metal surface © 1999...
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Surface Engineering of Metals - Principles, Equipment and Technologies Part 13 pptx
... coldwelding of metals), conducive to total contact and strengthening of the structure of the adhesive connection (seam); – upon the introduction of a liquid on to the surface of a solid in conditions of ... (galling).These depend on conditions in which the process of friction occurs, as well as on the potential properties of rubbing surfaces, i.e., type of friction, method of lubrication and nature of wear 5.8.2.2 ... constitute conditions of mutual interaction of surface and the environment of bodies in frictional contact Since, under the same loading force P, the force of friction T depends on the friction coefficient...
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Surface Engineering of Metals - Principles, Equipment and Technologies Part 14 ppsx
... interaction of asperities of both rubbing surfaces, it brings about the fusion and detachment of these asperities in microzones of contact [8] Wear by oxidation1 consists of adsorption of oxygen in zones ... development of adhesive bonding of surfaces of the rubbing pair causes leaps in the rise of friction resistance forces and in intensity of wear, conducive to deep destruction of the surface and often ... friction and its replacement by other types friction Lubrication allows a reduction of wear rate and of damage to the rubbing surfaces, enhancement of vibration damping, intensification of heat conduction...
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Surface Engineering of Metals - Principles, Equipment and Technologies Part 15 ppsx
... nitrided layers of the same phase composition and thickness on both surfaces A and B [20] Fig 5.22 shows thicknesses of the nitrided layer on surfaces A and B of the titanium samples vs time of nitriding ... from the point of view of chemisorption, which has a direct effect on diffusion processes and on the course of chancel reactions which are the essential condition of formation of superficial layers ... well as on the anode at temperatures of the order of 550ϒC [46] On transition metals, chemisorption of most gases, e.g., of nitrogen on titanium, is a non-activated process In the case of the...
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Surface Engineering of Metals - Principles, Equipment and Technologies Part 18 pot
... two areas of activity [63]: – Indirect: involving creation of conditions for maximum reduction corrosion hazard for components, products and constructions used in production These conditions may ... limitation or retardation of the growth rate of these losses, at the cost of a rise in expenditure on anti -corrosion protection, – economic losses due to corrosion may even reach 5% of national ... to 35% of corrosion losses may be avoided by the application of appropriate anti -corrosion protection, especially of steel products Methods of counteracting corrosion are many and varied and, in...
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Surface Engineering of Metals - Principles, Equipment and Technologies Part 19 pdf
... beam and by ionized atoms (Fig 6.11e) Modifications of the technique consist of additional introduction of reactive gas, the application of two sources of ions (sputtering of the target and ionizing ... e.g., metal - metal, non -metal - non -metal, metal - non -metal (Fig 6.16), with the predominance, however, of a characteristic group: in metallic materials - of metallic bonds, in ion materials - of ... formation and direction, with the utilization of electric and magnetic fields, of ions or atoms into the ionization and crystallization zones The latter is situated near or at the load surface; ...
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