cellular respiration—citric acid cycle

... proteins into novel evolutionary compartments In eukaryotes, the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle, or tricarboxylic acid cycle) is an important pathway in that it is the primary source of electrons ... tricarboxylic acid cycle necessarily also entails the study of the several enzymes involved in the glyoxylate cycle in plants, because three enzymatic steps common to both the tricarboxylic acid cycle ... acid cycle, and glyoxylate cycle, there are 21 different subunits involved, the sequence similarity patterns of which can be summarized in 19 Ó FEBS 2002 Evolution of the tricarboxylic acid cycle...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 04:20

... bào: Cung c p ngun li u cho sinh t ng h p D hóa cung c p ngun li u glucose khác glucose (amino acid, acid béo, glycerol…) cho hơ h p t bào; I III IV Ngư c l i, nhi u s n ph m trung gian c a hơ h ... diphosphate (P-C6P) (đường phân) Đi u ki n y m khí x y lên men: t ng h p mol ATP/mol glucose [ATP] [acid citric] cao ức chế toàn trình dò hóa [ADP] cao kích thích trình CHU I HƠ H P ĐƯ NG PHÂN OXY ... 1 Đư ng phân (glycolysis): đư ng Embden = Meyerhof Chu trình Krebs (chu trình acid citric) glucose (C6) ATP sinh ATP - ATP sử dụng ADP ATP tổng số 2C3 NADH ATP Q trình x y t...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 07:15

... enzymes of the RTCA cycle, ATP-citrate lyase [24] The results demonstrated the heteromeric structure of this enzyme and its role in regulating the direction and flux of the RTCA cycle For further ... flux of the RTCA cycle For further understanding of the RTCA cycle, we are carrying out detailed investigations of each member of the cycle With respect to IDH, although the activities have been ... limicola, as a CO2-fixing enzyme in RTCA cycle The enzyme IDH from C limicola was revealed to be a monomeric enzyme with a molecular mass of 80.5 kDa The deduced amino -acid sequence of Cl-idh gene showed...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 10:20

... Cycle ATP Synthetase ATP-ase Copyright Cmassengale When is ATP Made in the Body? During a Process called Cellular Respiration that takes place in both Plants & Animals Copyright Cmassengale Cellular ... Copyright Cmassengale What are the Stages of Cellular Respiration?  Glycolysis  The Krebs Cycle  The Electron Transport Chain Copyright Cmassengale Where Does Cellular Respiration Take Place?  It ... mitochondria Copyright Cmassengale Krebs Cycle Summary  Each turn of the Krebs Cycle also produces 3NADH, 1FADH2, and 2CO2  Therefore, For each Glucose molecule, the Krebs Cycle produces 6NADH, 2FADH2,...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 17:48

... thành bảng sau phút TỪ KHÓA TRA CỨU 1)Respiration: Hô hấp 2 )Cellular respiration: Hô hấp tế bào 3)Glycolysis: Đường phân 4)Krebs cycle: Chu trình Krebs 5)Electron transport chain: Chuỗi chuyền ... CHUYỀN e- Đặc điểm ĐƯỜNG PHÂN CHU TRÌNH KREBS Vị trí Bào tương Chất ty thể Nguyên liệu glucose acid pyruvic CHUỖI CHUYỀN eMàng 8NADH, 2FADH2, 6CO2 Quá trình glucose → 2pyruvic → 2acetyl-CoA NADH...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 11:20

... of the citric acid cycle; and Understand the reactions that replenish citric acid cycle intermediates 13 CELLULAR LOCATION Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells use the citric acid cycle to help ... Cytochrome C- comlex IV Citric Acid Cycle INTRODUCTION The citric acid cycle is a central metabolic pathway that completes the oxidative degradation of fatty acids, amino acids, and monosaccharides ... that enter the citric acid cycle; Trace the conversion of substrates to products through each of the citric acid cycle s eight reactions and understand how flux through the cycle is regulated;...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 13:20

... Citric acid cycle Fig 9-12-2 Acetyl CoA CoA—SH H2O Oxaloacetate Citrate Isocitrate Citric acid cycle Fig 9-12-3 Acetyl CoA CoA—SH H2O Oxaloacetate Citrate Isocitrate NAD+ Citric acid cycle NADH ... CoA Citric acid cycle FADH2 CO2 NAD+ NADH FAD + H+ ADP + P i ATP • The citric acid cycle has eight steps, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme • The acetyl group of acetyl CoA joins the cycle by ... Concept 9.3: The citric acid cycle completes the energy-yielding oxidation of organic molecules • In the presence of O2, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion • Before the citric acid cycle can begin, pyruvate...

Ngày tải lên: 09/07/2014, 19:20

... [9][14] c.Thành phần acid amin Mỗi phân tử Collagen có chứa khoảng gần 20 loại acid amin khác Trong Glycine thường acid amin chiếm tỷ trọng lớn nhất, chiếm khoảng 20-32% Sau acid amin: proline, ... tương tác Collagen với acid kiềm Collagen chất lưỡng tính, tác dụng với acid kiềm, mạch bên phân tử Collagen tồn gốc cacboxyl gốc amin Trong điều kiện có acid, ion H + acid tác dụng với nhóm ... nâng cao hiệu sử dụng nguồn nguyên liệu cần thiết Như đề tài “Nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng acid Citric, acid Acetic, acid Lactic đến hiệu khử khoáng số tính chất (khả giữ nước, nhiệt độ biến tính, hàm...

Ngày tải lên: 30/07/2014, 02:46

... Coughs 20 15 10 Pre-screen Citric Acid 25 Number of Coughs 25 25 V112220 (n=5) 20 15 10 Capsaicin Pre-screen Citric Acid Capsaicin 20 15 10 Pre-screen Citric Acid Capsaicin Figure 1of coughs per ... Number2of coughs following citric acid or capsaicin exposure Number of coughs following citric acid or capsaicin exposure Left panel show results from citric acid exposure while the right panel ... For cough assessment, animals were exposed to 0.4 M citric acid for 10 and a 10 cough response was recorded Two hours following citric acid inhalation, the same animal was exposed to 10-4 M Capsaicin...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:20

... Stock solution of citric acid M (Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield) was serially diluted in physiological saline to produce incremental concentrations of citric acid (1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300, ... -6.89(-15.21,1.42) 0.03* Response to citric acid R5 resistance at Hz; R10 resistance at 10 hz; × reactance; Δ, change in measurement after citric acid Data represented as mean, with 95% confidence ... of citric acid on the IOS measures following the Mefar challenge Whilst studying the cough challenge methodologies we wished to clarify whether, as it does in animals [22], citric acid administration...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 10:20

... reflex threshold to citric acid was evaluated with a tidal breathing nebulized solution delivered by an ultrasonic nebulizer (MU-32, Sharp Co Ltd., Osaka, Japan) [19] Citric acid was dissolved in ... suprathreshold were estimated by the lowest concentration of citric acid that elicited two or more coughs (C2) and the lowest concentration of citric acid that elicited five or more coughs (C5) during minute, ... citric acid challenges, and that their use of the modified Borg scale should reflect this In each subject, the estimated urge-to-cough scores were plotted against the corresponding citric acid...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 10:20

... virulence [3] At the branch point of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and glyoxylate bypass, isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD), involved in the TCA cycle, and ICL, involved in the glyoxylate bypass, ... and no kinetic model is available for the TCA cycle and glyoxylate bypass in this bacterium Initially, we constructed a kinetic model for the TCA cycle and glyoxylate bypass in E coli to validate ... also noted in the study of branched chain amino acid biosynthesis in E coli [19] The steady state fluxes in the M tuberculosis model-1 (standard TCA cycle) and model-2 (absence of KDH activity)...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 23:20

... citric acid production 4 CHAPTER TWO REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE Citric acid, originally described as a constituent from citrus plants and known as an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle ... its citric acid content Citric acid production and biomass production are expressed as g citric acid produced per kg grains and kg biomass per kg grains, respectively Specific citric acid productivity ... assayed for its citric acid content Citric acid and biomass levels are expressed as g citric acid produced 27 per L and g biomass produced per L, respectively Specific citric acid productivity is...

Ngày tải lên: 13/11/2014, 09:08

Ngày tải lên: 16/11/2012, 14:24

... Nội dung Giới thiệu acid ctric Tính chất acid citric Sản xuất acid citric Vai trò hóa thực phẩm Định tính acid citric Định lượng acid citric I Giới thiệu acid ctric  Axít citric axít ... citrat V Định tính acid citric  B Phổ hồng ngoại chế phẩm phải phù hợp với phổ hồng ngoại acid citric monohydrat chuẩn (ĐC), đo sau mẫu thử chuẩn sấy 100 đến 105oC 24 V Định tính acid citric  C ... tính acid citric    Độ tan: Dễ tan ethanol, tan nước, tan ether Citrat: Phải có phản ứng đặc trưng citrat (dễ tạo phức với số ion kim loại) Có thể chọn cách định tính sau: V Định tính acid...

Ngày tải lên: 12/04/2013, 19:40

... dụ : + Sự tiết bất thường acid homogentisic (trong bệnh alcapton niệu) + Sự tiết tăng nuôi dưỡng phenylalanin hay tyrosin (không tăng dùng acid amin khác) + Kết luận : acid homogentisic sp chuyển ... oxy hóa hay chất liên kết với nhóm SH, bảo vệ màng hồng cầu khỏi vỡ 40 - Hệ thống acid ascorbic -2 H acid ascorbic acid dehydroascorbic +2H có nhiều động vật thực vật, có vai trò số phản ứng hydroxyl ... Lipid, Protid thoái hoá theo ba giai đoạn ; - Giai đoạn : Phân tử lớn amin, acid béo…) đơn vò cấu tạo tương ứng (glucose, acid - Giai đoạn : đơn vò cấu tạo chất trung gian Acetyl CoA - Giai đoạn...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 21:20

... sulfuric acid and incubated at 95 °C for 1.5 h Then the acid was neutralized with 50 lL of m NaOH The other tube was kept on ice and was used to measure the amount of endogenous malate Polymalic acid ... and deduced amino acid sequences of NKA48 were compared with the GenBank database The results indicated a high degree of identity on the levels of nucleotides (84%) and amino acids (86%) with ... Level of polymalatase mRNA at different stages in the life cycle The amount of polymalatase transcript at different stages in the life cycle was monitored by real-time PCR using specific primers...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 12:20

... amino acid sequence The amino acid sequence of zebrafish CNBP was analysed using the Prosite server The amino acid residues involved in CCHC motifs are indicated in light grey boxes Amino acids ... repeat element binding protein: cellular nucleic acid binding protein Virus Res 58, 73–82 Flink IL & Morkin E (1995) Alternatively processed isoforms of cellular nucleic acid- binding protein interact ... promoter activity by AP1 and cellular nucleic acidbinding protein DNA Cell Biol 17, 799–809 Pellizzoni L, Lotti F, Maras B & Pierandrei-Amaldi P (1997) Cellular nucleic acid binding protein binds...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 12:20

... decreased intracellular retinoic acid concentration Arch Biochem Biophys 411, 159–173 Gustafson AL, Donovan M, Annerwall E, Dencker L & Eriksson U (1996) Nuclear import of cellular retinoic acid- binding ... of the fatty acidbinding protein family that binds all-trans-retinol J Biol Chem 276, 1353–6130 Dong D, Ruuska SE, Levinthal DJ & Noy N (1999) Distinct roles for cellular retinoic acid- binding ... signaling by retinoic acid J Biol Chem 274, 23695–23698 Gorry P, Lufkin T, Dierich A, Rochette-Egly C, Decimo D, Dolle P, Mark M, Durand B & Chambon P (1994) The cellular retinoic acid binding protein...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 22:20

... (v/v) saturated cold trichloroacetic acid in water was added and the precipitate collected on Whatman GF/C filters, which were washed with trichloroacetic acid, then with 70% (v/v) ethanol/H2O ... under in vivo conditions at various phases in the cell cycle The plasmodia were grown on filter paper for a particular period of time in the cell cycle One fourth of the plasmodium, usually 80 lg, ... ice-cold 5% saturated trichoroacetic acid and 50% acetone The samples were disrupted in a Dounce homogenizer and filtered on GF/C After washing with trichloroacetic acid/ acetone and ethanol, the filters...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 21:21