... andhuman T-cells, B-cells, myeloid cells, monocytic cellsand fibroblasts, but not neuronal cells or embryonicstem cells, express STAT6, indicating that this gene isexpressed in haematopoietic cells ... effector cell populations exist,Th1, Th2 and Th17, characterized by their cytokinerepertoire and how they regulate B -cell and T -cell Keywordsadaptive immunity; fish immunology; T-cells; transcription ... relationshipbetween the expression of these transcription factors and the cytokine genes known to be produced by dif-ferent T -cell subtypes in mammals. These transcription factors, together with many of...
... p53. Cellcycle arrest can be medi-ated by p53 downregulating the transcription of central cellcycle regulators such as cyclin B, Cks1, Cdc2 and Cdc25C.CDE ⁄ CHR-dependent cell cycle- gene transcription ... CHR-regulatedpromoter. Cell cycle- dependent transcription of the humanCDC20 ⁄ p55CDC ⁄ Fizzy promoter was reported todepend on a new element named SIRF (Cell- Cycle Site-Regulating p55Cdc ⁄ Fizzy -Transcription) . ... Synthesis ofproteins encoded by cyclin B1 and cyclin B2 genes isKeywords cell cycle; cellcycle genes homology region(CHR); cell cycle- dependent element (CDE);DREAM complex; E2FCorrespondenceK....
... Division of the cell cycle into temporally ordered, discrete steps implied different proteins regu-late specific cellcycle transitions (Hartwell 1974). If so, then factors advancing cell cycle progression ... restriction point of the cell cycle. Cell Cycle 1:103–110Buchkovich K, Duffy LA, Harlow E (1989) The retinoblastoma protein is phosphorylatedduring specific phases of the cell cycle. Cell 58:1097–1105Burdon ... ofcritical cellcycle machinery.2.3 Cell Cycle MachineryRecognition that specific protein catalysts are responsible for diverse cellu-lar processes such as fermentation (late 1800s) suggested that cell...
... tangles contain the antigenic profile of many cellcycle markers, re-flecting a re-entry into the cellcycle by affected neurons. However, while such a cellcycle re-entry phenotype is an early and ... suppression of the cell cycle and cell survival instead of apoptosis and their presence may be a neuroprotective factor to prolong the life of the cell after re-entry into the cell cycle, pro-tecting ... dividing neuronal cells during development, and is present in smaller amounts in fully differentiated cells [13]. BRCA1 is known to regulate transcription, regulate cellcycle progression,...
... induction of cellcycle arrest and apoptosis. We have investigated its effects on cell cycle regulation using a gastric cancer cell line, AGS. The effects of CKBM on cell proliferation, cellcycle ... cell line. CKBM is found to inhibit cell proliferation through the induction of apoptosis and G2/M cellcycle arrest. To further elucidate the mechanism of CKBM on apoptosis and G2/M cellcycle ... AGS cells were seeded in a 6-well plate at a density of 1.2 x 106 cells/well. After 2, 4 or 6 hr of CKBM treatment at a concentration of 5, 10 or 15 % v/v, cells were trypsinized. Then cells...
... coordinate cellcycle exit with the induction of differentiationthat confers upon pRB its tumor suppressor function.230 L. Yamasaki2The Universality of the Cell Cycle The discovery of the cellcycle ... Nature 343:665–669Modeling CellCycle Control and Cancer with pRB Tumor Suppressor 231 cycle, and strongly suggested that deregulation of the mechanisms controlling cell cycle progression could ... PK (2004) Wagging the dogma; tissue-specific cellcycle control in themouse embryo. Cell 118:535–538Palmero I, Peters G (1996) Perturbation of cellcycle regulators in human cancer. CancerSurv...
... principal cellcycle inhibitor in β cells, as it accumu-latesinthenucleusofβ cells from obese mice, inhibiting compensatory β cell expansion (Uchida et al. 2005).Mouse Models of CellCycle Regulators: ... one round of cell division, every cell in metazoans hasto decide whether it will re-enter the cell cycle, exit the cellcycle and en-ter a quiescence state, and every quiescent cell has to similarly ... re-enter the cycle. Allthese crucial decisions are made by a set of information processors (cell cycle machinery) that integrate extracellular and intracellular signals to coordinate cell cycle events.In...
... RA (1995) The role of Rb in cellcycle control. Prog Cell Cycle Res 1:9–19Senescence and CellCycle Control 259eliminates telomere-mediated signaling, allowing cells to undergo transform-ation ... ofretinoblastoma gene function is sufficient for cellcycle re-entry. Nature 424:223–228Serrano M, Hannon GJ, Beach D (1993) A new regulatory motif in cell- cycle controlcausing specific inhibition of ... and cell mortality. Cell 85:27–37Serrano M, Lin AW, McCurrach ME, Beach D, Lowe SW (1997) Oncogenic ras provokespremature cell senescence associated with accumulation of p53 and p16INK4a .Cell 88:593–602Sharpless...
... critical regulator of most cell cycle responses. While each single pocket protein can mediate cell cycle arrest upon cell- cell contact, pRb is the critical mediator of cellcycle arrestupon growth ... roles in controlling cell cycle exit upon growth-inhibiting signals. Only ablation of all pocket proteins fullyalleviated a cellcycle arrest upon serum withdrawal, cell- cell contact inhi-bition, ... pro-teins at these specific stages of the cell cycle. 4.4pRb Family Mediated Regulation of E2F by Cellular LocalizationAnother level of control of the E2F transcriptional activity is added by the...
... and several molecular factors are known to influence the events of this enchondral ossification, especially transcription factors. Members of the AP-2 family of transcription factors play important ... promoter sequences,the AP-2 transcriptionfactors play important roles incellular processes, such as morphogenesis, in particularproliferation, differentiation, cellcycle regulation, andapoptosis ... binds the promoter of the survivalgene bcl-2 and regulates its transcription in epithelialcells through transcription factor AP-2. Mol Cell Biol22, 7877–7888.44 McPherson LA, Loktev AV & Weigel...
... phase of the cell- division cycle. Therefore, we tested,using light microscopy and after DAPI staining, whetherthe slow growth yields a cell- cycle phenotype. Cells ofthe logarithmically ... asynchronouscells. To test whether phosphorylated Rio1p is, in fact,degraded at a certain stage of the cell- division cycle, whereas the unphosphorylated form is not, we per-formed cell- cycle arrest ... observeda cell- cycle phenotype with this mutant. Cytologicalapproaches investigating cell- cycle stages reveal thatthis mutant yeast strain accumulates G1cells, whereasthe number of S phase cells...
... pathological roles in RA.Other transcription factors Other transcriptionfactors implicated in the patho-genesis of RA are the signal transducer and activatorof transcription (STAT) family of ... remarks Transcription factors play critical roles in the functionof immune effector cells, including cytokine ⁄ chemokineexpression and also in the control of synovial cell apop-tosis. These cells ... SAA in RA joints binds to RAGE on synovial cells and acti-vates the NF-jB signaling pathway in these cells.H. Okamoto et al. Role of transcription factors FEBS Journal 275 (2008) 4463–4470 ª...