... proportional tothe cube ofthe wind speed andthe square ofthe radius ofthe rotor blades If the radius ofthe rotor blades is doubled, the swept area is quadrupled Also, the efficiency needs to be ... corresponding to that value will become at maximum value The tip speed ratio (λ) can be defined as the ratio ofthe angular rotor speed ofthe wind turbine tothe linear wind speed at the tip ofthe blades; ... monitored by using measure and display blocks from MATLAB, the size and state of battery charge (SOC), the terminal voltage or currents absorbed by consumers One ofthe advantages of MATLAB software...
... application of this assay tothe testing of c-secretase inhibitors and PS1 mutants This assay allows for the first time the selection ofcell populations and single cells by FACS based on their differences ... behind the design ofthe substrate-activator construct was to develop an assay to screen specifically for the modulators of c-secretase activity The cytoplasmic domain of APP was shown to be sensitive ... activator domain in the cytosol, which can then traffic tothe nucleus to initiate the transcription ofthe green fluorescence protein (GFP) gene by binding tothe 5Gal-E1b domain ofthe GFP reporter...
... valid, the flux of Ca2+ fromthe extracellular milieu into the cytosol of HT-29 cells may mimic the Ca2+ flux fromthe intestinal lumen tothe interior of enterocytes, particularly at the ileum level ... (A) and (C), respectively, andof a mixture of CPPs (CPP DMV) (B) Each point on the graphs corresponds tothe mean value ofthe [Ca2+]i peak rise ± SD, obtained from three or four experiments, and ... RPMI cells present a well-developed brush border, with microvilli on their apical side, together with the presence of adherent junctions and desmosomes, and galactose-adapted cells display all the...
... In addition, to ease the separation between GEM and other parts ofthe plasma membrane, the focal plane was mainly adjusted through the top ofthe cell, allowing the visualization of larger plasma ... competitive inhibitor of ceramide glucosyltransferase and hence ofthe synthesis of complex glycolipids (Fig 1, CHOK1/PPPP) [24] Exposureof cells to lM PPPP in the culture medium for days led to a 95% ... ofthe constitutive endogenous expression in these cells ofthe enzyme involved in the synthesis of GM1 (Fig 1) [23] To reduce the content of all glycosphingolipid classes, wild-type CHO-K1 cells...
... temperature up to 400 K [7] and demonstrated electrical-controlled ferromagnetism On the other hand, for practical applications, it is desirable tocontrolthe distribution of Mn andto avoid the formation ... in the high-resolution TEM images in Figure 2c,d (for samples S4 and S5, respectively) The effect of Mn concentration Other than the variation ofthe MnGe and Ge layer thicknesses, the change of ... Holland, The Netherlands) operating at 200 kV Results and discussions The effect of substrates Figure 1a,b,c shows typical cross-sectional bright-field TEM images taken fromsamples S1 to S3 and...
... the oak advance growth to be in their centre and northern part They recommended the creation of elliptic gaps with a longer northern part After the first years ofthe life of oak seedlings, the ... be of interest to assess the ratio ofthe sizes ofthe root system of seedlings and their aboveground parts, which will undoubtedly show a substantial effect on the stability and quality of a ... (RP III) by low stocking ofthe original stand (Table 1), i.e by the lower number of parent trees; assessing the relative mortality was exact The total mortality of seedlings (as of 2010) was significantly...
... stomatal conductance (Gs) in response to water deficits may also enhance the sensitivity ofthe photosynthetic apparatus to high irradiances, leading to photodamage to photosystem II [25] Another ... limitation is the diffusion of CO2 fromthe intracellular spaces within leaves tothe sites of carboxylation in the chloroplast (mesophyll conductance (Gm)) However, the relative contribution of these ... using the prov m tocol fromthe previous section Following theexposureto actinic light (200 µmol [photon] m–2 s–1), shoots were allowed to recover in the dark andexposedto a saturating pulses...
... least m fromthe closest stem in the middle of a groupof trees Since the objective ofthe study was to examine the effect ofthe forest canopy on the angular distribution of PAR, understory vegetation ... (Figs 2B and 2C) extended from 44º to 59º andfrom 27º to 39º in the morning, andfrom 59º to 61º andfrom 39º to 41º around noon at the Duparquet Lake Research Station and on Vancouver Island, respectively ... determined by the attenuation ofthe above-canopy light by foliage and branches and, therefore, is expected to depend on andto reflect the forest canopy structure The effect of forest stands on total...
... Under these conditions, the size ofthe meristematic cells andthe duration ofthecell division cycle in these cells determine the rate ofcell production Cambial derivatives differentiating into ... corresponded to approximately mV Radial growth on the northern side ofthe tree was monitored every fifteen minutes during the growing season from August 1996 to July 1998 August represented the start of ... five phases ofthe diurnal curve in relation to water movement into and out ofthe cambial region These phases were generally consistent with the patterns observed in this study andthe three extracted...
... with the higher temperatures andthe decreased demand by plants due to their growth rates being slowed down by the layer of residues on the soil In the other plots the development of grasses and ... These factors determine the availability of N to plants and export of N in both the short and long term In Northern Spain, commercial forest plantations make up more than 30% ofthe land area The ... further On the other hand, in the uncut stand, plant cover intercepted the rainfall, decreasing by up to 17% the amount of water reaching the soil (data not shown) The higher soil moisture in the plots...
... IV) For the main stems, crown width increased on average by a factor offromthe 0.5 m tothe 1.0 m spacing, and by a factor of 1.5 fromthe 1.0 m tothe 1.5 m spacing The corresponding factors ... decreased fromthe bottom tothe top ofthe crown Leaf area index, which was computed fromthe summation ofthe leaf area of individual trees within a sample plot divided by the area upon which they ... tothe comparison ofthe productivity of many hybrids on various sites andtothe effect of modifying site fertility, less attention has been given tothe study of productivity in the light of...
... resorption of macronutrients on plots of these deciduous oak (Q pyrenaica) coppices and then to elucidate which factors govern these processes, taking into account the soil availability of each ... had the highest values of Mg and K concentrations andthe lowest of Ca, demonstrating a nutrient imbalance [27] Theoretically, the Ca and Mg composition of leaf litter is increased compared to ... stand has the lowest indices (NEI and GEI) and a higher content of both exchangeable and available Ca (higher pH ofthe epipedon) in the soil For this nutrient, GEI seems to be more related to...
... obtained between the 0.5 m spacing andthe mean ofthe 0.75 m, 1.0 m and 1.5 m spacings and between the mean ofthe 0.75 m and 1.0 m spacings andthe mean ofthe 1.5 m and 2.0 m spacings The linear ... RGR between the 0.5 m andthe means ofthe 0.75, 1.0 and 1.5 m spacings, and between the means ofthe 0.75 and 1.0 m spacings andthe means ofthe 1.5 and 2.0 m spacings The general trend was ... 1990 and 1991, not only the 0.5 m spacing differed significantly fromthe mean ofthe 0.75, 1.0 and 1.5 m spacings, but also the mean ofthe 0.75 and 1.0 m spacings differed fromthe mean of the...
... studied, and nettes et investigators stress the importance ofthecontrol on the axillary buds by the apical part ofthe shoot (Kramer and Kozlowski, 1979) Observations ofthe effects ofthe natural ... in the number of flushes than to variations in the number or the length ofthe internodes in each flush Furthermore, since the GUs ofthe late flushes appeared to be longer than the GUs ofthe ... start to dominate and rance axes to build the future stem ofthe tree Half ofthe changes in dominance were associated with the death ofthe apical bud ofthe dominant axis The high frequency of...
... formed, the v !of shoot and bark stabilized, irrespective of pretreatment The turgor pressure more or less fol’ lowed the pattern of y solute but exaggerated any rise of potential, due tothe fall ... attributable tothe export of starch to developing roots and leaves Starch acts source Although our observations were limited single species and few treatments, they suggest that the levels of water ... initially, presumably due to high initial moisture, and later increased The root moisture content increased initially and then decreased in all the treatments This is attributed tothe observation that,...
... that range from flooded wetland to rainfed dryland [2] Irrigated rice which accounts for 55 percent ofthe world rice area provides 75% of global rice production and consumes about 90% ofthe freshwater ... The analysis ofthe genes found exclusively in the tolerant genotypes is of interest to identify putative genes associated with drought tolerance The identification of DEGs in the tolerant genotypes ... members ofthe CslA subfamily encoding (1,4)-β-D-mannan synthases, andthe CslC group are believed to encode an enzyme that directs the synthesis ofthe (1,4)-β-D-glucan which is considered as the...
... specifically to test and validate the accuracy of a new cough detector technology under various challenging conditions We describe the method used to compare the results ofthe automated cough detector and ... listened to all the recordings to identify the coughs The experts were blinded tothe PulmoTrackCC™ results The experts used a combined time/frequency display to mark the exact beginning and end of ... illustrates the slope and intercept ofthe linear regression Figure Cough Counter vs Expert and Linear Regression of Cough Event Count: Markers indicate the algorithm (CC) and expert consensus count of...