... Tsalas, both PhD candidates in the Department of Economics, University of the Peloponnese in Greece, for their invaluable help and support in preparing this volume Special thanks to the team from Palgrave ... isolation, both physical and mental This can be neither productive nor complete We have tried to bridge the gap between practitioners and academics, to put forward the perspective of those who have spent ... unorthodox) policies, experiments and “recipes” have been applied by local government(s) and, most importantly, imposed on it by the IMF, the ECB and the – still – not so federal EU Part III explores the...
... are proportional to GDP (originally this assumption was actually motivated by a scarcity of data on transactions in the economy) Then PT becomes proportional to nominal GDP The second assumption ... financial accounts, most notably at the US Federal Reserve, but also at the Bank of Japan and at many European national central banks For a comprehensive compilation of key academic papers and applications ... transactions in the economy (T) This comprised both real and financial transactions (as well as intermediary transactions along the production chain) Multiplied by the price (P) , the nominal value...
... return spillover from the developed market to each of the BRIC nations The overall goal was to be able to provide further findings intothe relationship between these global equity markets The motivation ... market confidence The prices of Irish property are presented in Fig 1, reflected the value of houses and apartments The prices are indexed to January 2005 At the peak of the Irish property bubble, ... repossession data are taken from the Central Bank of Ireland (CBI) website, representing the period between September 2009 and June 2015 Fig 4(c) presents the number of planning permission applications...
... be obtained by replacing p by p In the following therefore the superscript ± will be dropped, G0 (ε; r, r ) ≡ G+ (ε; r, r ), and all quantities obtained can be continued analytically intothe ... (Chap 22) After having presented at full length all aspects of the “plain” Screened KKR method, additional theoretical concepts such as the Coherent Potential Approximation (Chap 23), the Embedded ... and by making use of the analytical properties of Green’s functions in the complex plane Together with the possibility of using a fully relativistic spin-polarized description the now so-called...
... trans-2-butene, cis-2-butene, 1,3-butadiene, 1,2-butadiene, methyl acetylene, butyne-I, butyne-2, VAC (vinylacetylene), etc.) is an important separation process in the petrochemical industry A special distillation ... may be magnified after square Suppose that the binary-pair parameters of Wilson equation are known, but what we need is the binary-pair parameters of NRTL equation Please compute the binary-pair ... Unfortunately, the complete SPACE parameters for all compounds studied are only provided in the supplementary material that must be ordered from the specified institution Table 10 gives the comparison...
... Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at ISSN 0075-8450 ISBN 3-540-20087-8 Springer-Verlag ... parameter a It possesses a hetero-BT to another integrable PDE Although partially integrable and nonintegrable equations, i.e the majority of physical equations, admit no BT, they retain part of the ... provide another information, namely a hetero-BT between the Boussinesq PDE and another PDE Indeed, under the natural parametric representation of E3 (which, by the way, would be the SME if the second...
... secures the copyright for each volume The Production Process The books are hardbound, and the publisher will select quality paper appropriate to the needs of the author(s) Publication time is about ... be interpreted in terms of sharply localized observables (in the sense of the cut) but rather as the intrinsic extension of an event Restrictions in the realizability of hypothetical observables ... is called the “particle aspect” In the terminology corresponding to our picture the “wave-particle duality” is replaced by an object-event duality (object = potential causal link) The dual aspects...
... paper, we will first describe the basic behavioral properties of hexapod walking, as the are known from stick insects Then we describe a simple neural network called Walknet which exemplifies these ... disturbances occurs because the system does not compute explicit trajectories, but simply exploits the physical properties of the world The properties of this swing net can be described by the ... methodology cannot be applied to what is called the real world problem Because the real world is unpredictably and dynamically changing, it is impossible to objectify it in advance and to apply...
... target, along with its perceived benefit in doing so, to its neighbours A UAV evaluates all the proposals that it receives The evaluation is carried out by comparing the benefits proposed by other ... experimentally observed in the previously described experiment Meta-Analysis of the Experimental and Modeling Prediction methods Two methods for determining maximum operator capacity for supervisory ... of other UAVs within its sensor radius, and estimates the probability of the neighbouring UAVs attacking the target Based on these values (expected benefit of attacking a target and the probability...
... to determine the ball position After the local ball position estimate has been determined, the estimation of the global ball position is attempted, by fusing all local estimates of each robot, ... eliminates spurious and erroneous observations In Fig 1.10 .b) , the robot in the bottom part of the field cannot see the ball, so it gets the ball position from the global fusion of the other robot observations ... that brings the population from an initial spatial probability distribution at time t = to the closest possible distribution from a target spatial probability distribution at time T 1 Multi-Robot...
... cycles Pedal systems are per se nonlinear In addition, in biological systems the comprising materials have complicated properties By applying a series of models from very simple lumped-parameter ... is partly set by physical physiological conditions The friction Robust Behaviour of the Human Leg coefficient limits the angle of attack The amplitudes of the vertical oscillation should be small ... global properties of the human leg during running Running as a bouncing gait can be described by a simple lumped parameter model: the spring-mass system [11] (Fig.1) The system generates an impact...
... paper, we will first describe the basic behavioral properties of hexapod walking, as the are known from stick insects Then we describe a simple neural network called Walknet which exemplifies these ... disturbances occurs because the system does not compute explicit trajectories, but simply exploits the physical properties of the world The properties of this swing net can be described by the ... methodology cannot be applied to what is called the real world problem Because the real world is unpredictably and dynamically changing, it is impossible to objectify it in advance and to apply...
... designed program Based on this program, we develop postnatally our musculoskeletal system and its control system so as to elaborate bipedal (Bp) standing and Bp walking [1] The musculoskeletal system ... stretch receptors located along the edges of the spinal cord itself serve this purpose By bending the spinal cord directly, the stretch sensors can entrain the rhythm of the isolated spinal cord ... swing phase, the interaction between the pair of muscles should be reversed These interactions can be presented by the direct synaptic connection of the position sensor of each muscle with the...
... in the global frame with 35 points alternately distributed on the dorsal and on the ventral border of the sagittal projection of the animal Limb segments were incorporated intothe body shape proximally ... during the human Bp walking, M fuscata showed Bp walking characterized by double and/or single support phases of the L and R hind-limbs During the SW phase of the L hind-limb, the weight of the body ... central feedback from the integration center combined with peripheral feedback at the cerebral cortical level enables the animal conscious perception of its kinesthetic aspects of volitional (anticipatory)...
... explicitly capitalizes on the relation between morphology, materials, and neural control For the purpose of illustration we will capitalize on the latter in this paper We proceed by presenting a number ... different types of design principles: Some are concerned with the general “philosophy” of the approach We call them “design procedure principles”, as they not directly pertain to the design of the agents ... space, be very brief; a more extended version is in preparation (Pfeifer and Glatzeder, in preparation) Table Overview of the design principles 94 2.1 Rolf Pfeifer P- Princ 1: The synthetic methodology...
... cheap design In conclusion, as suggested by the principle of ecological balance, there is a kind of trade-off or balance: the better the exploitation of the dynamics, the simpler the control, the ... morphology (the anatomy), and the materials provide physical constraints that make the control problem much easier The main task of the brain, if you like, is to set the material properties of the ... feet The upper body is an upright “T” connected to the lower body by a rotary joint, the “waist” joint, providing one degree of freedom in the frontal plane The horizontal beam on the top is...
... Self-Excited Walking of a Biped Mechanism 133 Fig Two phases of biped walking Figure shows the algorithm of biped walking Biped walking can be divided into two phases: the swing leg phase and the touch ... two parts One is the base part and the other is the head part We define that the first nh links (head part) are not contact with the ground, and the residual nb links (base part) are on the same plane ... ⎥ ⎢ b ⎢ 0 100 ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎣ 0 010 ⎦ 0 001 ⎡ b1 1 · · · b1 nh ⎢ b2 1 · · · b2 nh −lw(nh +2) ⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ¯=⎢ B ⎢ bn · · · bn n bnb (nh +1) bb h ⎢ ⎢ b( n +1)1 · · · b( n +1)n b h ⎢ b ⎣ b( n +2)1 · · · b( n +2)n...
... [rad] slope The prototype completes symmetrical steps until the end of the walking surface By bending the knee for the appropriate time interval during the swing phase of a leg, the prototype can ... 2: the beginning of the swing phase (swing I ), the middle of the swing phase (swing II ), the end of the swing phase (swing III ), and the support phase (support) In the support phase, the hip ... G., et al, 1981, The realization of the qusasi dynamic walking by the biped walking machine,” Proceedings of the International Symposium on Theory and Practice and Manipulators, POMANSY, pp.341-351...
... the biped robot which we consider is shown in Fig.1 Fig Compass model of Walking robot Let the support leg angle be p , the swing (non-supported) leg angle be θw , a slope angle be parameter ... which the robot in PDW generates This means that the robot walking finally becomes to be stabilized by using PDW trajectory which is made by the robot itself Model of the walking robot A model of the ... stage, the large energy output appears among weak ones (Fig 5(c)) This may be because a robot walks on a wing and a prayer on the subtle balance between dynamics and energy Once the balance is...