alternative transmission modes and the evolution of virulence
Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: cN-crystallin and the evolution of the bc-crystallin superfamily in vertebrates pdf
... which encodes the first two structural motifs, and hence the N-terminal domain of the protein, just as in the genes for cS and cA–F However, the second half of the gene has the structure of a b-crystallin ... mammalian evolution These changes illustrate the way in which gene families may expand, contract and adapt They may also help us understand the functions of the c-crystallin family in vision and elsewhere ... encoding the two motifs of the C-terminal domain The crygn gene is thus a hybrid of b and c crystallin gene structures, apparently an intermediate in the evolution of the c-crystallins from the b-crystallins...
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Oxygen and the Evolution of Life pptx
... consequence of the physical laws of our universe and the subatomic structure of the oxygen atom As we shall see in Chap 2, the existence of oxygen atoms is in turn a necessary result of the evolution of ... Thus, the higher the pH value, the lower the proton concentration and therefore the degree of dissociation of water This behavior of water depends strongly on the temperature, the higher the temperature ... the nucleus The number of protons in a nucleus gives its atomic number and its positive charge Add the number of neutrons and you have the atomic mass The nucleus of the most common isotope of...
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Psychological Science: Attention and the Evolution of Hollywood Film docx
... in nature These are often called white, brown, and pink noise, and all are defined by the relation between the frequency and power (proportional to the square of the amplitude) of their components ... videos, and most of what is called art film—is designed to suppress awareness of the presentational aspects of the film while promoting the narrative The units of film are the act, the sequence, the ... near the film’s end was analyzed as Shot The autocorrelation of the length of a Shot with itself (Lag 0) is always 1.0; autocorrelations of the length of Shot with the lengths of Shots (Lag 1) and...
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Regulation and the Evolution of the Global Telecommunications Industry pot
... tF > tS, and if CFn are the net cash flows of the investment of new entrants, then the expected market value of new entrants will equal the sum of discounted value of the investment and the net ... abandoned wholesale regulation (the case of the USA) and some others have shifted from light-handed regulation to heavy-handed regulation with mandatory unbundling of the local loop (the case of ... aspects of the ladder of investment theory and also refers to papers presenting empirically based analyses of the tenability of the theory Moreover, the chapter introduces the issue of intermodal...
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Regulation and the Evolution of the Global Telecommunications Industry pptx
... tF > tS, and if CFn are the net cash flows of the investment of new entrants, then the expected market value of new entrants will equal the sum of discounted value of the investment and the net ... abandoned wholesale regulation (the case of the USA) and some others have shifted from light-handed regulation to heavy-handed regulation with mandatory unbundling of the local loop (the case of ... aspects of the ladder of investment theory and also refers to papers presenting empirically based analyses of the tenability of the theory Moreover, the chapter introduces the issue of intermodal...
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Signal sequence analysis of expressed sequence tags from the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and the evolution of secreted proteins in parasites potx
... taxa to the Strongylida are members of the Rhabditina, including C elegans, and both are grouped in Clade V of the Nematoda, on the basis of small subunit rRNA sequence analysis [48] The set of 742 ... we have addressed the question of whether secreted proteins of parasitic nematodes show accelerated evolution, and our results indicate that this is the case The predominance of predicted secreted ... at the 5' end of a proportion of their mRNA transcripts; a short leader sequence is added upstream of the initiation codon The leader is normally a 22-nucleotide sequence termed SL1 [51] The...
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Báo cáo y học: " Horizontal gene transfer and the evolution of transcriptional regulation in Escherichia col" ppt
... TFs and putative, as yet uncharacterized regulators We analyzed the history of each of the global regulators, and of a sample of each of the other types of regulators (see Figure and Materials and ... two operons, and the proximity of these regulators to their regulated genes suggests that HGT might be involved in the evolution of these regulatory relationships [14] Furthermore, these neighbor ... which the relative age of the duplication and of the regulation was unclear, and operon structure could not be used to clarify.) The other 6% to 9% of interactions arose by convergent evolution...
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Alternative Processing Technologies for the Control of Spoilage Bacteria in Fruit Juices and Beverages
... kinetics and use of nonthermal alternative processes.31 Most notably, as a part of the Þve-year contract between the Institute of Food Technologists (IFT) and the FDA, a scientiÞc review of these alternative ... postharvest handling, washing, and cooling and storage PREVENTIVE MEASURES IN THE ORCHARD Contamination of fruits with feces of animals such as deer,8 seagulls,9 and cattle and other ruminants10 in the ... other things, the cost of equipment and effectiveness of the process.41 While a few processes are at or near production scale, many are pilot scale and need further development Also, most of these...
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Tài liệu Constraining Hypotheses on the Evolution of Art and Aesthetic Appreciation* doc
... and Ardipithecus ramidus Given the fragmentary state of these remains, and the difficulties inherent in their comparison, there is much discussion as to the validity of their hominid status The ... operation, there is no way of determining which level of analysis is the most relevant to the study of the neural correlates of aesthetic preference Additionally, the evolutionary emergence of such ... that there is greater space filled by axons and dendrites This picture of a mosaic of primitive and derived aspects of the organization of the human orbitofrontal cortex was also the result of...
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The evolution of host use and unusual reproductive strategies in Achrysocharoides parasitoid wasps pot
... indeed the ancestral host of Achryso- chroides Regarding the effect of taxa sampling on the reconstruction of reproductive strategies, although the biology of most species in other parts of the ... size and sex ratio The mapping indicates several changes in reproductive strategy with apparently parallel evolution of the unusual split sex broods (and of mixed sex broods) in the latreillii and ... trees of the order Fagales (oaks, birch, alder, etc.) and colonized plants of the order Fabales, Rosales and Sapindales once each (Fig 4) Mapping of plant growth form indicates that the ancestor of...
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Comparing HIV prevalence estimates from prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission programme and the antenatal HIV surveillance in Addis Ababa docx
... [25] The HMIS use standard computerized registers and reporting system and it can be an asset for standardizing the PMTCT reports Even before the scaling up of the HMIS across the city, the quality ... counselling and number of women tested positive [10] These summary data were all analysed in this study In this study due to the lack of individual level and site specific data in the sub-cities, the ... Bureau and Intra-Health (an NGO working on PMTCT) During the data collection, months reports were missing in one of the sub-city (Lideta) but we collected them from the service outlets Of the collected...
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The Evolution of Entertainment Consumption and the Emergence of Cinema, 1890-1940 docx
... the comments and suggestions of the participants of the workshop ‘Economic Theory and the Practice of Consumption: Evolutionary and other Approaches’, organised by the University of Cassino and ... analysing the shape of the growth pattern of the quantity of cinema consumed and expenditure on cinema The time of the take-off will be estimated quantitatively (and its timing compared with the qualitative ... exact date to the emergence of the idea, or concept of cinema, but the first projection of moving images dates from the 1850s, and the first patents on the viewing and projection of motion pictures...
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Báo cáo khoa học: An intermediate step in the evolution of ATPases ) the F1F0-ATPase from Acetobacterium woodii contains F-type and V-type rotor subunits and is capable of ATP synthesis Michael Fritz and Volker Muller ¨ docx
... excluded that it was the c1 subunit but likely, as the c ring is rather stable, and the use of Triton X100 should not lead to removal of c1 only The basic biochemical properties of the complete enzyme ... present Further discussion of the coupling efficiencies has to await the determination of the rotor subunit stoichiometry In summary, we have solved a longstanding problem, the purification of the Na+ ... membrane-embedded motor This is the starting point for a detailed analysis of the stucture and function of the rotor of the Na+ F1F0-ATP synthase from A woodii, the first containing V0- and F0-like c subunits...
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Báo cáo Y học: The evolution of monomeric and oligomeric bc-type crystallins potx
... M1 and M2 in the N-domain, and motifs M3 and M4 in the C-domain In both the c-monomer and the b subunit, the four motifs and the two domains are organized symmetrically, with local intermotif and ... research groups in their investigations on the structural determinants and the evolution of the b-type and c-type crystallins [7,25,44–51] The burying of the hydrophobic patches at the interdomain ... interface between the triad of Val55, Val68, and Ile92, and that of Val143, Leu156, and Ile181 Then the C-terminal extensions have also been suspected to have a role in the evolution of domain association,...
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HOMINOID EVOLUTION AND CLIMATIC CHANGE IN EUROPE VOLUME 1 The Evolution of Neogene Terrestrial Ecosystems in Europe ppt
... exchanges The regression of the sea from the Greek mainland and the Aegean landmass at the end of the Burdigalian prevented marine connections with the Paratethys in the area of the Dardanelles The ... ecosystems, the shallow marine realm and the deep sea A Wrst set of contributions dealt with the palaeogeographic evolution of the Tethys area and the eVects of changes in the extent of the Tethys ... climates and the application of climate modelling, the reconstruction of past geographical events, and the eVects they had on European environments and the plants and animals living in them Together,...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Adenine and adenosine salvage pathways in erythrocytes and the role of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase A theoretical study using elementary flux modes Stefan Schuster and Dimitar Kenanov ppt
... transferase Six out of 12 modes require ADA, AK and PNPase and another three require AK and PNPase but not ADA The modes in the presence of SAHH2 and MT (Table 4) not require AK, while they require ... elementary modes have the favourable property that the set of elementary modes in the extended system contains the elementary modes of the original system as a subset [24] A drawback of the method ... require any of the enzymes ADA, AK and PNPase, the remaining seven require ADA and PNPase AK is not required in any of the 10 modes Interestingly, in these modes, it makes no difference whether ADA...
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hancock - plant evolution and the origin of crop species 2e (cabi, 2004)
... framework of species change and demonstrate the intimacy of nature and crop evolution In the second half of the book, I focus on when and where crops were domesticated and the types of changes ... sequences on the DNA (Fig 1.14) The polymerase enzyme then synthesizes the DNA strand next to the primers The solution is then heated and cooled in numerous cycles, and the DNA is amplified over and over ... is the frequency of one allele (A) in a population and q the frequency of another (a), then p + q = when there are no other alleles The equilibrium frequencies of the genotypes are given by the...
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darwins dangerous idea evolution and the meanings of life
... antelope, the wing of the eagle, the shape of the orchid, the diversity of species, and all the other occasions for wonder in the world of nature It is hard to believe that something as mindless and ... Darwin, ahead of Newton and Einstein and everyone else In a single stroke, the idea of evolution by natural selection unifies the realm of life, meaning, and purpose with the realm of space and time, ... complications The development of the science of geology and the discovery of fossils of manifestly extinct species gave the taxonomists further curiosities to confound them, but these curiosities...
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genetics and the logic of evolution - kenneth m. weiss
... of the challenges of survival, and in that and other ways the living world continually replays the general principles of evolution We find regularities, and these have led to a formal theory of ... support the modern theory So what is this phenomenon called evolution, ” and how is it that this one phenomenon can explain the diversity of life? THE PHENOMENON OF EVOLUTION The theory of evolution ... history of evolution, and in that sense the nature of a cell or organism is dependent on its history as “written” in the genome (and in the nature of the environment around it, also the product of evolution) ...
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