acute blood loss anemia labs
Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 1) pptx
... of anemia in these two groups of patients are quite different, and they will be considered separately Hemolytic Anemias Anemias due to increased destruction of red cells, or hemolytic anemias ... presentation of a patient with anemia is greatly influenced by whether the onset is abrupt or gradual, and HA is no exception A patient with autoimmune hemolytic anemia or with favism may be a ... measure to the remarkable ability of the body to adapt to anemia when it is slowly progressing (Chap 58) What differentiates HA from other anemias is that the patient has signs and symptoms arising...
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Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 2) docx
... of reticulocytes is associated with an increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in the blood count On the blood smear this is reflected in the presence of macrocytes; there is also polychromasia ... gradual loss of cellular organelles and of biosynthetic abilities In the end the erythroid cell undergoes a process that has features of apoptosis, including nuclear pyknosis and actual loss of ... the loss of mitochondria; therefore there is no backup to anaerobic glycolysis for the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Also, the capacity of making protein has been lost with the loss...
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Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 3) pptx
... considerable iron loss, needing replacement With chronic extravascular hemolysis, the opposite problem, iron overload, is more common, especially if the patient needs frequent blood transfusions ... except there is no anemia This notion is important from the diagnostic point of view, because a patient with a hemolytic condition, even an inherited one, may present without anemia It is also ... "decompensated"—i.e., anemia may suddenly appear—in certain circumstances—for instance, pregnancy, folate deficiency, renal failure interfering with adequate EPO production, or an acute infection depressing...
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Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 5) ppt
... these proteins are heavily glycosylated, and they carry antigenic determinants that correspond to blood groups Underneath the membrane, and tangential to it, is a network of other proteins that ... thus diseases of the membrane-cytoskeleton complex belong to the category of inherited hemolytic anemias Before the red cells lyse, they often exhibit more or less specific morphologic changes ... basis has been elucidated Hereditary Spherocytosis This is a relatively common type of hemolytic anemia, with an estimated frequency of at least in 5000 Its identification is credited to Minkowksy...
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Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 6) doc
... 6p21.1-p11 Rhesu Chronic Very rare; s antigen nonspherocytic associated with hemolytic total loss of all anemia Rh antigens Note: HS, hereditary spherocytosis; HE, hereditary elliptocytosis ...
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Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 7) docx
... decompensation The anemia is usually normocytic, with the characteristic morphology that gives the disease its name...
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Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 8) pdf
... usually associated with a very high reticulocytosis The anemia is of variable severity; sometimes it is so severe as to require regular blood transfusions; sometimes it is mild, bordering on a ... instance, in a woman during her first pregnancy, when the anemia may get worse In part the delay in diagnosis is due to the fact that the anemia is remarkably welltolerated because the metabolic ... (3) May benefit from (P5N) splenectomy Note: CNS, central nervous system; AHA, acquired hemolytic anemia ...
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Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 9) ppsx
... require exchange transfusion; if the anemia is less severe, it may present later in life or may even remain asymptomatic and be detected incidentally when a blood count is done for unrelated reasons ... system, or both The diagnosis of HA is usually not difficult, thanks to the triad of normo-macrocytic anemia, reticulocytosis, and hyperbilirubinemia Enzymopathies should be considered in the differential ... function of the enzyme Among the mutations, those underlying chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia (CNSHA; see below) are a discrete subset This much more severe clinical phenotype can be...
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Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 10) pps
... from acute HA in adults is the development of acute renal failure (exceedingly rare in children) Once the threat of acute anemia is over, and in the absence of comorbidity, full recovery from acute ... at birth: the peak incidence of clinical onset is between day and day 3, and in most cases the anemia is not severe However, NNJ can be very severe in some G6PD-deficient babies, especially in ... managed, NNJ associated with G6PD deficiency can produce kernicterus and permanent neurologic damage Acute HA can develop as a result of three types of triggers: (1) fava beans, (2) infections, and...
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Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 11) doc
... Paroxysmal Acute Immune Test for Often cold lysis of normal Donath- triggered hemoglobinuria red cells viral infection (PCH) Landsteiner by antibody Septicemia Very acute Exotoxi Blood ns produced ... Diagnostic nts Procedure Mismatche d Abrupt blood Nearly always transfusion Repeat ABO cross match incompatibility Paroxysmal Chronic Comple nocturnal with acute ment hemoglobinuria exacerbations ... Clostridium be responsible perfringens Microangio pathic Acute or chronic Red cell Red cell Different fragmentation morphology on causes ranging blood smear from endothelial damage to hemangioma to...
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Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 12) doc
... present with anemia or unexplained jaundice, or because of gallstones later in life The spleen may be enlarged The severity of anemia ranges from borderline to transfusion-dependent The anemia is ... Peripheral blood smear from a 5-year-old G6PD-deficient boy with acute favism A very small minority of subjects with G6PD deficiency have ... chronic in these patients, they are also vulnerable to acute oxidative damage, and therefore the same agents (see Table 101-5) that can cause acute HA in people with the ordinary type of G6PD deficiency...
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Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 13) pptx
... is defined as a microangiopathic hemolytic anemia with fragmented erythrocytes in the peripheral blood smear, thrombocytopenia (usually mild), and acute renal failure An infection is usually ... common Shiga toxin–related HUS can be regarded as a phenocopy of familial HUS Acquired Hemolytic Anemia Mechanical Destruction of Red Cells Although red cells are characterized by the remarkable ... is intravascular hemolysis resulting in hemoglobinuria One situation, march hemoglobinuria, is acute and self-inflicted Why a marathon runner may sometimes develop this complication and at another...
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Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 14) pps
... on first presentation or subsequently, thrombocytopenia (Evans's syndrome) Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: Treatment with autoimmune The first-line treatment of AIHA is glucocorticoids A dose of ... disease, it can produce significant benefit by removing a major site of hemolysis, thus improving the anemia and/or reducing the need for immunosuppressive agents Most of the management of AIHA is not...
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Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 15) potx
... Donath-Landsteiner antibody will prove PCH Active supportive treatment, including blood transfusion, is needed to control the anemia; subsequently, recovery is the rule Cold Agglutinin Disease (CAD) This ... reasonably comfortable quality of life, but in more severe forms the management of CAD is not easy Blood transfusion is not very effective because donor red cells are I-positive and will be removed...
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Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 16) ppt
... Laboratory Investigations and Diagnosis The most consistent blood finding is anemia, which may range from mild to moderate to very severe The anemia is usually normo-macrocytic, with unremarkable red ... (up to 20%, or up to 400,000/µL) The anemia may become microcytic if the patient is allowed to become iron-deficient as a result of chronic urinary blood loss through hemoglobinuria Neutropenia ... PNH may evolve into aplastic anemia (AA), and PNH may manifest itself in patients who previously had AA Rarely (estimated 1–2% of all cases), PNH may terminate in acute myeloid leukemia On the...
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Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 17) potx
... completely abolished the need for blood transfusion in about one-half of the patients Eculizumab administered intravenously at q2wk intervals also ameliorated the anemia in most patients and dramatically ... improved their quality of life Figure 101-9 Therapeutic efficacy of an anti-C5 antibody on the anemia of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (From P Hillmen et al: N Engl J Med 355:1233, 2006;...
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báo cáo hóa học:" Use of Tranexamic acid is a cost effective method in preventing blood loss during and after total knee replacement" ppt
... order to reduce postoperative blood loss [16-19] The use of tranexamic acid in orthopedic surgery has also shown promising results It radically reduced both blood loss and the amount of allogenic ... perioperative blood loss associated with total knee arthroplasty Br J Anesth 1995, 74:534-7 22 Benoni G, G H: Fibrinolytic inhibition with tranexamic acid reduces blood loss and blood transfusion ... [38](More expensive to produce one unit of autologous blood, Cost also incurred in disposal of more than half of the blood discarded which is not used) Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution (ANH) Not effective...
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báo cáo hóa học:" Use of Tranexamic acid is a cost effective method in preventing blood loss during and after total knee replacement" pdf
... order to reduce postoperative blood loss [16-19] The use of tranexamic acid in orthopedic surgery has also shown promising results It radically reduced both blood loss and the amount of allogenic ... perioperative blood loss associated with total knee arthroplasty Br J Anesth 1995, 74:534-7 22 Benoni G, G H: Fibrinolytic inhibition with tranexamic acid reduces blood loss and blood transfusion ... [38](More expensive to produce one unit of autologous blood, Cost also incurred in disposal of more than half of the blood discarded which is not used) Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution (ANH) Not effective...
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Báo cáo y học: "Faecal blood loss with aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cyclo-oxygenase-2 selective inhibitors: systematic review of randomized trials using autologous chromium-labelled erythrocytes" ppsx
... blood loss and daily faecal blood loss at the longest time period As well as noting mean or median blood loss, we sought information about the number of participants with faecal blood loss of ... probably at one extreme of a spectrum of blood loss Much less is known about lower gastrointestinal bleeding and low-level chronic blood loss Measurements of blood loss to the entire bowel demonstrate ... had higher blood loss is shown in Table Blood loss greater than ml/day did not occur with placebo in any participant For aspirin at 1,800 mg/day or more, 31% of participants had blood loss of ml/day...
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Báo cáo y học: "A rare case of arterial avulsion presenting with occult blood loss following total hip arthroplasty: a case report" docx
... in lacerations or avulsions of the blood vessel Aneurysms are localised dilatations of the blood vessels True aneurysms are bounded by all the layers of the blood vessel, whereas false or pseudoaneurysms ... day, the patient's hemoglobin level was 65 gm/l He was subsequently transfused with three units of blood His low hemoglobin levels were again attributed to intra-operative bleeding On the second ... distal pulses His hemoglobin was still only 70 gm/l despite him being transfused with seven units of blood His clotting profile was also normal It was thought that the patient had a hematoma which...
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