... epithelial cells express TPD52 predominantly and that it may play a role in the development ofthe epithelial cell phenotype [13] Its expression is controlled by androgens in LNCaP cells [9] The ... Dysregulation of TPD52 affects the proliferation rate of LNCaP cells First, we studied whether overexpression or downregulation of TPD52 influences the proliferation rate of LNCaP cells To determine the ... initiate apoptosis The activation of caspases-3 and -9 taken together with the loss ofmitochondrial membrane potential suggests that downregulation of TPD52 leads to activation ofthe intrinsic pathway...
... understanding ofthe anatomy andfunctionofthe ear andthe auditory nervous system, and it discusses the cause and treatment of hearing disorders Most books on hearing focus either on the anatomy ... perception ofthefunctionofthe cochlea The best description ofthefunctionof outer hair cells is that they act as “motors” that counteract the frictional losses of energy in the cochlea ... accumulated about thefunctionofthe cochlea than of any other sensory organ C H A P T E R Anatomy ofthe Ear ABSTRACT 10 The ear consists ofthe outer ear, the middle ear andthe inner ear The outer...
... at the entrance ofthe ear canal compared with the sound pressure that is measured in the place ofthe head The effect ofthe head on the sound at the entrance ofthe ear canal is related to the ... that ofthe basilar membrane and that the deflection ofthe stereocilia of inner hair cells, that is the basis for excitation of auditory nerve fibers, is not a direct functionofthe motion ofthe ... remarkable in the light ofthe FIGURE 2.12 (A) Average displacements ofthe umbo, the head ofthe stapes andthe lenticular process ofthe incus (B) The lever ratio at 124 dB SPL at the tympanic...
... in the ventral parts ofthe MGB ofthe thalamus, the nonclassical sensory pathways use the dorsal and medial division ofthe MGB as relay (Fig 5.10) [122] These divisions ofthe MGB receive their ... is the difference in the arrival time andthe difference in the intensity of sounds at the two ears, both factors being a functionofthe azimuth The time between the arrival of sounds at the ... Activation of a cell therefore depends both on the activity in the fibers that impinge on a celland on the efficacy ofthe synapses that connect the fibers to the cells Plastic changes consist of establishment...
... The caudal portion ofthe floor ofthe lateral recess is the (dorsal) surface ofthe dorsal cochlear nucleus andthe rostral portion ofthe floor ofthe lateral recess is the dorsal surface of ... difference between the latency ofthe N1 ofthe AP and that ofthe response from the intracranial portion ofthe auditory nerve is the travel time in the auditory nerve from the ear to the recording ... the latency ofthe first peak in the dipole andthe length is the relative strength ofthe dipoles Note the short distance between the two first dipoles (peak I and II ofthe ABR) andthe third...
... and standard error ofthe mean are shown as a functionofthe intensity ofthe noise The TTS was measured 20 s after the end ofthe exposure In this study the noise exposure consisted of a band ... elevation ofthe reflex threshold of an average of dB The individual variation is large 4.2 Functional Importance ofthe Acoustic Middle-ear Reflex Many hypotheses about the functional importance ofthe ... basis ofthe elevation ofthe hearing threshold in disorders ofthe middle ear andthe cochlea but the effect on thefunctionofthe nervous system may affect speech discrimination Impairment of speech...
... role of outer hair cells, that is to increase the sensitivity and frequency selectivity ofthe ear (cf Chapter 3) The widening ofthe tuning ofthe basilar membrane broadens the “slices” ofthe ... the sensitivity andthe frequency selectivity ofthe ear and that it is the inner hair cells that transduce the motion ofthe basilar membrane 223 and control the discharge pattern of auditory nerve ... spectrum The amount of acquired hearing loss depends not only on the intensity ofthe noise andthe duration of exposure but also on the character ofthe noise (frequency spectrum and time pattern) The...
... of recruitment of loudness is the ear, most often the cochlea, but absence offunctionofthe acoustic middle-ear reflex can also cause an abnormal growth ofthe sensation of loudness above the ... corresponding to the F1 frequency andthe other corresponding to the frequency of F2 The rate ofthe impulses is that of F0 for voiced sounds, and a quasi-random rate (average of 100 pps) for ... determined on the basis ofthe output of 16 band-pass filters The output ofthe six band-pass filters with the largest amplitudes is coded in the impulses that are applied to the electrodes in the cochlea...
... influx ofthe radiotracer from the blood At h after the injection of 64Cu/NOTA-monomer, the radiotracer was still in the form of its parent in the blood suggesting that the increased uptake ofthe ... electroplating and 64Culabeling BF participated in the conception and design ofthe study LeR participated in the coordination ofthe study and reviewed the manuscript GB conceived ofthe study, ... explaining the results observed at the pancreas for the dimer The receptor binding of one BBN(6-14) unit will significantly enhance the local concentration ofthe other BBN(6-14) unit in the vicinity of...
... Ingestion of large amounts of FA affects the intra-cellular mix of folate vitamers from methyl-THF to non-methyl-THF [11,12] Lucock and Yates [12] and others have proposed that the intra-cellular ... balance between the use of methylene-THF for DNA-T rather than for methionine synthesis may depend on the presence of both the MTHFR 677T polymorphism and high serum levels of FA They noted that ... copies ofthe MTHFR (TT) allele are present in about 10% ofthe US population The concentrations of B vitamins andthe presence of various coenzyme polymorphisms eventually affect gene expression and...
... growth medium ofthe cells It therefore appears that the two pathways, phosphorylation and oxidation of choline, are both augmented in the course of malignant transformation of mammary cells (Katz-Brull ... (C) andthe fourth (D) strands of this β-sheet is an α-helix that forms the interface stabilizing the protein as a dimer (helix 2) Amino acids belonging to the region connecting the third β-strand ... order of activation ofthe ternary complex by free Mg2+ The release of phosphocholine occurred prior to that of ADP- Mg2+ Thus, the overall rate of reaction was probably limited by the release of...
... places other than the lungs, including the larynx, the lymph nodes, the pleura, the brain, the kidneys, or the bones and joints In HIV-infected persons, extrapulmonary TB disease is often accompanied ... case of TB The process of LTBI begins when extracellular bacilli are ingested by macrophages and presented to other white blood cells This triggers the immune response in which white blood cells ... infectious TB The longer the duration of exposure, the higher the risk for transmission Frequency of exposure to infectious person The more frequent the exposure, the higher the risk for transmission...
... Physiology and pathophysiology ofthe SREBP family H Shimano at G1 [19] In particular, p21 is a direct target of SREBP [20] The role of SREBP-1a in the regulation ofcell growth andthecell cycle ... problems SREBP as the global lipid regulator SREBP-1a is highly expressed in growing cells, and it activates the synthesis of a variety of lipids, such as fatty acids, triglycerides, and phospholipids, ... H Shimano Physiology and pathophysiology ofthe SREBP family SREBP-1c and lipogenesis The SREBP family consists of three isoforms: SREBP1a, SREBP-1c, and SREBP-2 Each isoform has a different...
... between the sphenoid bone andthe nasal bones They also form part ofthe floor ofthe cranium Ear ossicles are the smallest bones ofthe body They are the malleus, incus, and stapes and are in the ... Bones ofthe Shoulders, Arms, and Hands The bones ofthe shoulders are called pectoral girdles and include clavicles and scapulae They function to attach the arm to the trunk ofthe body The clavicles ... Disorders ofthe Endocrine System 135 Chapter 11: Special Senses 139 The Nose andthe Sense of Smell 140 The Tongue andthe Sense of Taste 140 The Eye andthe Sense of Sight 140 Educating the Patient/Eye...
... the company of his young lady friend—through the pressure of her hand upon his arm, the lithe, graceful movement of body and limbs, the smile, the light in the eye andthe soft voice All of these ... muscle and glands andthe consumption ofthecell substances of these tissues results in the development ofthe nerve, muscle [34 ]and gland cells into a condition larger, better equipped and more ... Summary of Principles 24 a The propagation of offspring andthe protection and support ofthe young and defenseless, always involve sacrifice on the part 24 ofthe parents andthe stronger members of...
... summary ofthe evidence on which the guidance is based is provided in the full guideline (see Section 5) The development of this guideline for England and Wales coincided with the review by the Scottish ... ofthe symptoms at presentation, the time between onset of symptoms and presentation, the stage at presentation andthe reasons for delay in presentation 4.2 Chemotherapy for NSCLC 4.2.1 Further ... examine the duration of follow-up and whether regular routine follow-up is better than symptom-led follow-up in terms of survival, symptom control and quality of life 4.5.2 The impact ofthe time...
... For these reasons, the study ofthe structure ofthe human system, andthe laws ofthe different organs, are subjects of interest to all, the young andthe old, the learned andthe unlearned, the ... parts: 1st The bones ofthe Head 2d The bones ofthe Trunk 3d The bones ofthe Upper Extremities 4th The bones ofthe Lower Extremities 75 The bones ofthe HEAD are divided into those ofthe Skull, ... view in the study of physiology, is the invigoration and improvement ofthe corporeal powers and functions, the preservation of health, andthe prevention of disease.” The design ofthe following...
... be the focus of family life The impact of breast cancer is therefore profound on both the woman diagnosed with the disease and her family Their fear and anxiety over the eventual outcome ofthe ... the strengths ofthe family, offers community and other normal forms of support during the most difficult stages ofthe illness, and assists the family in making the journey in a productive and ... the stages of treatment, the services offered and available, andthe course of treatment and recuperation expected As important, is educating the woman and her family in the early detection of...
... lignans and other substances, are protective of normal cells The significant correlation between degree of changes in diet and lifestyle and degree of change in PSA and LNCaP cell growth adds to the ... strength of evidence While the evidence linking the effects of diet and lifestyle on the development and progression of prostate cancer is not conclusive, it is hardly meager A wide body of evidence ... States and either the primary or secondary cause of death of most men with prostate cancer, and obesity is of widespread concern In earlier randomized controlled trials we found that these changes...