a rank based approach to deriving canadian soil and sediment quality guidelines
Báo cáo khoa học: "A Corpus-Based Approach to Deriving Lexical Mappings" potx
... and translate those to P T B tags Each approach to producing gold standard data has problems and advantages The Brill tagger has a reported error rate of 3% and so cannot be expected to produce ... C5 tags, use our mapping to translate these to P T B tags and compare against the manual annotations from the corpus Instead of tagging the unannotated text we use the existing C5 tags and translate ... lan- guage research: Studies in Honour of Geoffrey Leach K Knight and S Luk 1994 Building a large knowledge base for machine translation In AAAI-94, Seattle, WA M Marcus, B Santorini, and M Marcinkiewicz...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "A Ranking-based Approach to Word Reordering for Statistical Machine Translation" doc
... integrated into a phrasebased decoder serving as additional distortion features We evaluated our approach on large-scale Japanese-English and English-Japanese machine translation tasks, and experimental ... Experiments To test our ranking reorder model, we carry out experiments on large scale English -To- Japanese, and Japanese -To- English translation tasks 5.1 Data 5.1.1 Evaluation Data We collect 3,500 Japanese ... rest 75% as test data (auto) We sample a small corpus (575 sentence pairs) and manual alignment (man-small) We denote the automatic alignment for these 575 sentences as (auto-small) From Table 3,...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "A Feature Based Approach to Leveraging Context for Classifying Newsgroup Style Discussion Segments" pptx
... scheme that novel thread based features have a greater and more consistent impact on classification performance Data and Coding We make use of an available annotated corpus of discussion data where ... finite-state automaton that only has two states The automaton is set to initial state (q0) at the top of a message It makes a transition to state (q1) when it encounters a quoted span of text ... cases we evaluate combinations of alternative history sizes (0 and 1) and alternative feature sets (base and base+AllContext) In our experimentation we have evaluated larger history sizes as well,...
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A Knowledge-Based Approach to Network Security: Applying Cyc in the Domain of Network Risk Assessment pptx
... that grant the attacker local access 3.2 Planner Cyc’s planner is a variant of SHOP, an efficient hierarchical task network planner [Nau et al 1999] The planning domain is a representation of actions ... attack plans generated For example, a user can state the goal “An external user with no initial access gains administrator/root access to target.mynetwork.net.” The user then examines the plans ... indicates it is a specialization of ConceptualWork, the collection of deliberately created things that lack a location in space but have a beginning in time and an associated abstract information...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "A Memory-Based Approach to the Treatment of Serial Verb Construction in Combinatory Categorial Grammar" pdf
... John eats sandwiches, and Mary, noodles as (12) Steedman (1990) stated that English is forward gapping because gapping always < Beyond functional application and coordination, CCG also makes use ... in analytic languages by incorporating CCG with a memory mechanism In the memory mechanism, fillers and gaps are stored as modalities that modalize a syntactic category The fillers and the gaps are ... natural languages modalized with the filler A syntactic category can also be induced as a gap in a unary derivation called induction and the resulted category is modalized with the gap There are...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "A RULE-BASED APPROACH TO EVALUATING IMPORTANCE IN DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS" pptx
... conflicting evaluations seems more appropriate Such an approach allows taking into account in a flexible and natural way the variety of knowledge sources and processing a c t i v i t i e s that are involved ... Guida G., and Tasso C (1982) Forward and Backward Reasoning in Automatic Abstracting In J Horecky (Ed.), COLING-82, Amsterdam, NL: North-Holland, 83-88 Fum D., Guida G., and Tasso C (1983) Capturing ... representation of a text has been P produced, i t is easy to prune the less relevant parts in order to obtain the representation of an appropriate summary to be eventually translated into natural language...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "A Phonetic-Based Approach to Chinese Chat Text Normalization" ppt
... as standard language In chat term normalization, when the phonetic mapping models are used to represent mappings between chat term characters and standard counterpart characters, the dynamic ... chat term character T , standard counterpart character C and the mapping probability Prcm (T | C ) that T is mapped to C via this character mapping As they must be constructed from chat language ... standard Chinese corpus and use them to form candidate character mapping models Then we generate phonetic transcription for the Chinese characters and calculate phonetic probability for each candidate...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "A Constraint-based Approach to English Prosodic Constituents" pdf
... Holland Steven Bird 1995 Computational Phonology: A Constraint -Based Approach Studies in Natural Language Processing Cambridge University Press Alan W Black and Paul Taylor 1997 The festival speech ... 1994 Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar CSLI and University of Chicago Press, Stanford, Ca and Chicago, Ill Scott Prevost and Mark Steedman 1993 Generating contextually appropriate intonation ... dimension as primary, and introduce issues about Leaners as appropriate The approach which I will present has been implemented in ALE (Carpenter and Penn, 1999), and although I will largely avoid presenting...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "A corpus-based approach to topic in Danish dialog∗" pptx
... investigation reported here might serve as the empirical basis for an adaptation for Danish dialog of the centering model Attempts have already been made to adapt centering to dialog (Byron and Stent, ... type and subordination Each NP was annotated with respect to whether or not it appeared in an interrogative sentence (int) or a subordinate clause (sub), and finally, all NPs were coded as to whether ... Lambrecht (1994) Topics are entities pragmatically construed as being what an utterance is about A topic expression, on the other hand, is an NP that formally expresses the topic in the utterance...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "A Unification-based Approach to Morpho-syntactic Parsing of Agglutinative and Other (Highly) Inflectional Languages" doc
... based on unification, or, strictly speaking, checking unifiability of the adequate features of stems and suffixes A phonologically and ortographically motivated allomorph -based variant of Example ... simplified, and does not show an important aspect of the parser, namely, it retains the unification -based approach introduced in the morphological analyzer This means that all atomic elements in a phrase ... two factors: continuation classes s defined by paradigm descriptions, and classes of surface allomorphs The latter is a cross-classification of the paradigms according to phonological and graphemic...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "A Unification-based Approach to Morpho-syntactic Parsing of Agglutinative and Other (Highly) Inflectional Languages" ppt
... based on unification, or, strictly speaking, checking unifiability of the adequate features of stems and suffixes A phonologically and ortographically motivated allomorph -based variant of Example ... simplified, and does not show an important aspect of the parser, namely, it retains the unification -based approach introduced in the morphological analyzer This means that all atomic elements in a phrase ... two factors: continuation classes s defined by paradigm descriptions, and classes of surface allomorphs The latter is a cross-classification of the paradigms according to phonological and graphemic...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "A Decision-Based Approach to Rhetorical Parsing Daniel Marcu" potx
... which was used to label the relation between a reporting and a reported clause, and APPOSITION Marcu et al (1999) discuss in detail the annotation tool and protocol and assess the inter-judge agreement ... cross-validation procedure In table 1, B1 corresponds to a majority -based baseline classifier that assigns none to all lexemes, and B2 to a baseline classifier that assigns a sentence boundary to ... C Mann and Sandra A Thompson 1988 Rhetorical structure theory: Toward a functional theory of text organization Text, 8(3):243-281 Daniel Marcu 1997 The rhetorical parsing of natural language...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "A CLASS-BASED APPROACH TO LEXICAL DISCOVERY" pdf
... that alternations such as the causative/inchoative alternation (e.g 2 (a, b)) are learned using class information about the observed subjects and objects of the verb, in addition to subcategorization ... learn the semantic and syntactic properties of verbs, because they stand at the border of syntax and lexical semantics There are numerous possible explanations for why verbs fall into particular ... Wordnet: An on-line lexical database International Journal o] Lexicography, 4(3), 1990 (Special Issue) [Rosenfeld and Huang, 1992] Ronald Rosenfeld and Xuedong Huang Improvements in stochastic language...
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A systems-based approach to assessing leadership styles in engineers
... Tibshirani, 1986; Kanal and Chandrasekaran, 1971; Lachenbruch and Mickey, 1968; Stone, 1974; Twomey and Smith, 1998) Efron and Tibshirani and Twomey and Smith concluded that backpropagation networks ... research data from surveys of leadership and management (AMA Research, 200 0a; AMA Research , 2000b; AMA Research, 2003; American Management Association, 2005; Harper Jr., 2003) The critical dimensions ... and relationships in data and they can “learn” to adapt their behavior—prediction quickly and without complication to changed conditions • A key advantage to forecasting lies in the ability to merge...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Research Article A Sparsity-Based Approach to 3D Binaural Sound Synthesis Using Time-Frequency Array Processing" ppt
... Nater, and A Kohlrausch, “Parametric binaural synthesis: background, applications and standards,” in Proceedings of the NAG-DAGA, pp 172–175, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 2009 [7] J Breebaart and ... and P Bofill, “The 2008 signal separation evaluation campaign: a community -based approach to largescale evaluation,” in Independent Component Analysis and Signal Separation, vol 5441 of Lecture ... due to the fact that no separate source signals are available Again, taking into account source sparseness in the time-frequency domain, we will be able to reproduce the original spatial characteristics...
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Báo cáo hóa học: "Research Article A Model-Based Approach to Constructing Music Similarity Functions" potx
... cultural metadata Finally, we introduce and evaluate a contentbased method of estimating the “timbral” similarity of musical audio, which automatically extracts and leverages cultural metadata in ... metadata labels applied by human annotators Labels can only be applied to known examples, so novel music cannot be analyzed until it has been annotated Labels that are applied by a single annotator ... mean and variance vectors is used to train the classification models The Marsyas [16] software package, a free software framework for the rapid deployment and evaluation of computer audition applications,...
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Báo cáo y học: "A steganalysis-based approach to comprehensive identification and characterization of functional regulatory elements" potx
... GTAAACA(1) TGTTTAC(2) GTAAACAA(1) TTGTTTAC(2) GTAAACAA(1) AACCAGC(12) AAANGTAAACA(5) Fkh2 GTAAACA GTAAACA(1) TGTTTAC(2) GTAAACAA(1) TTGTTTAC(2) TTGTTTAC(1) AANRWAAACA(3) Mbp1 ACGCGT ACGCGT(1) AACGCGT(1) ... CGCGTTT(6) ACGCGAA(10) TTCGCGT(12) n /a AACGCGTT(2) CCAGC(2) ACGCGT RACGCGAAAA(2) n /a n /a CCAGCA Swi6 GACGCGAA(1) n /a Swi5 CACGAAA(7) AACGCSAAAA(3) TGAAACA(2) ACGCGT(3) TGAAACA AACGCSAAAA(3) CGCGAAAA(1) ... ATAAACAA AATAAACA 6.6 0.098 11/66/867 AATAAACA GTAAACAA [60] GTAAACAA(*) CGCGAAA GTAAACA ACGCGAAA ACGCGAAA 8.8 5.9 0.0657 23/142/867 TTTCCTAA [25] TTTCCTAA(+) 5.5 5.2 0.0435 35/307/867 N /A N /A N /A Ste12...
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Using a content-based approach to teaching environmental English to students An action research = Sử dụng phương pháp dựa vào nội dung để dạy tiếng anh chuyên
... Hutchinson and Waters (1987) indicate that as well as having to cope with the uncertain values of the strange land of ESP, ESP teachers may also have to struggle to master language and subject matter ... areas, and vary widely in detail and format In a word, CBI is a method of teaching language and content in tandem 12 CBI requires better language teachers Language teachers must be knowledgeable ... implication is that the materials are similar to those used in native-language instruction; the other relates to the use of newspaper and magazine articles and any other media materials ―that were...
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Using a model-based approach to teach English writing to 10th graders in Ba Dinh high school, Nga Son, Thanh Hoa = Sử dụng bài viết mẫu để dạy viết tiếng Anh ch
... namely: The Controlled -to- Free Approach, The Free-Writing Approach, The Paragraph-Pattern Approach, The Grammar-Syntax-Organization Approach, The Communicative Approach, and The Process Approach ... [TEXTYPE ]AND satisfactory coherent and cohesion [COHRESI] OR (2) In cases that combine an appropriate text type [TEXTYPE ]AND a satisfatory format [FORMAT] AND a satisfactory length [LENGTH] Simply stated, ... writing to success are likely various among cases, but the cross-case factors are the use of a suitable text type, a correct format and a satisfactory length for cases and an appropriate text type and...
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