... acag|gtaag tatg|gtaag tatg|gtaag agag|gtaag g(t)5aacag|aagaa c(t)4gtatacag|actc a( t)4cag|atcc c(t)4ag|aatc Not in coding region I I II (2929) (986) (1985) (1490) Table Comparison between exon ... (5Â-CACGCAAGCTTCT CTTGAGTCTCTATGAAGG-3Â) and the 5Â specic oligonucleotides (5Â-CCGGAGCTCGAGACTCTTAGTAA ATGTGCCCC-3Â) for amplication ofthe fragment from )949 to +33 (5Â-CCGGAGCTCGAGCCGCTAAAGA ... stranded oligonucleotides spanning the region from )70 to )36 ofthe xMGP promoter (5Â-GATCCAGGGGAGGGAAAACAAGGA GATGAGGAGGTGTGGT-3Â, and 5Â-GATCTACCA CACCTCCTCATCTCCTTGTTTTCCCTCCCCTG-3Â) as BamHI/BglII...
... the substantial progress that has been made towards elucidating the mechanism of glucosidic bond cleavage and the roles ofthe catalytic pair, our knowledge ofthe molecular determinants of aglycone ... 5¢-AGTTCCGTAGGACGCGGAAGTA AATGTGTC-3¢; mutation F200K, 5¢-CACCGACCTGGG GCTTTGACCCCAGTTCCGTAG-3¢; mutations F461L and F461L in P2, 5¢-CGTTCGGTGAAGCCGGCCAGC CATTCAAAGTTGTC-3¢; mutations W373K and ... the mutants, and simulations ofthe substrate–enzyme interactions ofthe wild-type and one ofthe mutants The results provide indications ofthe native enzymes’ catalytic action and determinants...
... binding and cleavage creates an amplification loop that maintains a constant level of sense and antisense piRNAs The flamenco-derived piRNAs, on the other hand, is generated by an unknown primary ... stage 14 of oogenesis when a mature egg chamber forms and is ready for fertilisation b a Figure 1.1.1 Schematic diagrams ofthe D melanogaster ovary (a) An ovariole, showing a germarium at the ... exoribonucleases Eukaryotic mRNA degradation involves two predominant pathways (Figure 1.4.1), namely the 5’ and 3’ mRNA decay pathways Both pathways require deadenylation, that is the removal of the...
... thesis In krimp mutant ovary, progression of oogenesis was compromised and degeneration ofthe egg chambers was observed from stage onwards (data not shown) A closer examination of krimp mutant ... polarity in krimp mutant oocytes The level of GRK expression was markedly reduced in 100% (n = 30) ofthe mutant ovarioles and its localisation to the anterior-dorsal corner ofthe oocyte was affected ... krimpf06583 is a suitable mutant allele for the characterisation ofthe krimp phenotypes, this allele was placed over an available deletion that uncovers krimp genomic region, Df(2R)Exel6063 Transheterozygotes...
... vas, aub, cuff, and mael mutants In all ofthe examined mutants except mael, KRIMP perinuclear localisation was affected, while the localisation of AGO3 and MAEL appeared to depend on KRIMP, as ... It was also noticeable that VAS localisation depends partially on proper AUB localisation Although VAS foci were apparent in aub mutant, cytoplasmic VAS was visibly more abundant than in the ... mutant alleles or allelic combinations are used for all the mutants Localisation ofthe nuage components at the perinuclear regions ofthe germline cells reflects a hierarchical assembly All the...
... rescue the perinuclear localisation of AGO3 and MAEL, the expression level and anterior-dorsal localisation of GRK, and karyosome compaction ofthe oocyte; but not precocious osk mRNA translation ... krimp and mael mutants (Figure 3.2. 1a) , similar to what has been reported previously in vas, aub, and armi mutants (Savitsky et al., 2006; Vagin et al., 2004; Vagin et al., 2006) TART was de-repressed ... retroelements in the nuage component mutants armi, aub, krimp, and mael cDNAs that are previously employed for the semi-quantitative RT-PCR in (a) are used for quantitative PCR, in the presence of iQ™...
... that consist of nuage cytoplasmic foci docking partially around the mRNA degradation components Overlapping nuage/P-body foci are expressed as percentages ofthe total number of overlapping and ... foci A complete overlap and partial overlap are indicated by a white arrow and arrowhead respectively Bar is μm (c) Immunostaining of non-overlapping Me31B A Me31B focus (green) that lacks the ... non-overlapping P-body foci The range of overlaps (complete or partial) appears to be independent ofthe foci sizes and nuage/P-body pairs (b) Immunostaining of overlapping cytoplasmic AGO3 (red) and...
... unaffected in at least one ofthe piRNA pathway mutant aub Figure 3.3.7 Deadenylation is unaffected in aub mutant LM-PAT assay of cycB In the piRNA pathway mutant aub, deadenylation appears unaffected ... since the poly (A) tail length is comparable to that ofthe control In contrast, deadenylation is impaired in the deadenylase mutant twin, as indicated by the accumulation of longer poly (A) tails ... monitor deadenylation activity, the length ofthe cycB poly (A) tail was examined in the aub mutant using LM-PAT assay (Figure 3.3.7; Salles et al., 1999) In comparison to the deadenylase mutant twin,...
... unaffected in the mRNA degradation mutants PAGE-northern analyses of piRNA production in the mRNA degradation mutants The level of piRNA production is unaffected in the mRNA degradation mutants ... both the piRNA pathway and mRNA degradation proteins 102 Figure 3.3.14 Nuage localisation is unaffected in the mRNA degradation mutants Immunostaining ofthe nuage components in mRNA degradation ... and pcm Furthermore, the piRNA pathway proteins AUB, AGO3, and KRIMP exhibited normal perinuclear and cytoplasmic localisation in the mRNA degradation mutants (Figure 3.3.14) The normal piRNA...
... overlapped with the tER and endosomal markers (Figure 3.4.1) This is consistent with the observation by Lee et al (2009) that AGO1 and AGO2 are associated with membranes in the cytoplasm in RNAi-defective ... LAMP2, and ARF6 (green) In the wild-type ovary, KRIMP, PCM, and TER94/CD63/LAMP2/ARF6 overlap In the piRNA pathway mutants spn-E and aub, pi-body assembly is compromised but KRIMP remains tethered ... RNAi-defective mutant HPS4 Figure 3.4.1 Cytoplasmic nuage is tethered to ER/endosomal compartments Immunostaining ofthe nuage component KRIMP (magenta), P-body protein PCM (red), and tER/endosomal markers...
... Cytoplasmic compartmentalisation ofthe fetal piRNA pathway in mice PLoS Genet in press Aravin, A. A., M.S Klenov, V.V Vagin, F Bantignies, G Cavalli, and V .A Gvozdev 2004 Dissection ofa natural ... Shcherbata, K .A Fischer, K Nakahara, R.W Carthew, and H Ruohola-Baker 2005 Stem cell division is regulated by the microRNA pathway Nature 435:974-978 Hay, B., L Ackerman, S Barbel, L.Y Jan, and ... M .A Valencia-Sanchez, G.J Hannon, and R Parker 2005b MicroRNAdependent localisation of targeted mRNAs to mammalian P-bodies Nat Cell Biol 7:719-723 Livak, K.J 1984 Organisation and mapping of a...
... in language B He considers CA as a form of interlanguage study and as a central and substantial component of applied linguistics As a matter of fact, CA has had much to offer to practical teaching ... modal in a certain situation makes clear which meaning is intended An effort has also been made to have a contrastive analysisofthe meanings expressed via the modal verbs can, may, must and the ... with other verbs to create verb phrases in the sentence 1.4 Contrastive analysis (CA) As one ofthe main aims of this paper is to carry out a contrastive analysis on the meanings expressed via the...
... 5¢-AAGCT TCACCATGTACCCTGCCCACATGTACCAAGTG TAC-3¢, 5¢-AAGCTTCACCATGCCGCACCGGCTC ATCGAGAAAAAGAG-3¢, 5¢-AAGCTTCACCATG GCAGTGGTTCTTGAACTTACCTTGAAGC-3¢ or 5¢-AAGCTTCACCATGATTGCCCTGCAGAGTGG TTTACAAGCTG-3¢) ... sets of primers (5¢-AAGC TTGAGCGGATCCCCAGCGCGCAACCACC-3¢ and 5¢-GCAGCAGGATCCTCTAGAGAGTTTAGTC TTTG-3¢ for FLAG-DEC1; and 5¢-GAATTCGGCGG ACCAGAGAATGGACATTTCCTCAACCATC-3¢ and 5¢-TCTAGACTACAGCGGCCATGGCAAGTCACTAA ... CGTGACCGG-3¢ for DEC1-H5 7A; 5¢-GATGAGCCG GTGCGGCAATTTGTAGGTCTCC-3¢ and 5¢-GAGAA AAAGAGAGCTGACCGGATTAACGAGTGC-3¢ for DEC1-R6 5A, FLAG-DEC1-R6 5A and DEC1:4–232R6 5A; and 5¢-GATGAGCCGGTGCGGCAATTTGTA...
... Corporation; Hialeah, FL, USA) at the ÔServeis Cientifico-TecnicsÕ ofthe University of Barcelona, using the 488 nm line of an argon laser and standard optical emission filters Percentages of cells at ... described above for flow cytometry After establishing a scan area, the slides were analyzed using a 40 · objective and mW of Argon laser power The entire cell preparation was examined A cell gallery was ... contrast and fluorescence photographs of selected field of cells obtained under the same magnification and contrast acquisition characteristics, and using the autofluorescence ofthe anthracycline as unique...
... long-term analysis we assume the structure ofthe agricultural economy in the United States remains stable That is, the role of energy in agriculture remains the same over time The relation between ... hence, putting them at significant market disadvantage The bill sets a maximum amount of allowances that can be rebated to EITE industries at, 2% for 2012 and 2013, 15% in 2014, and then declining ... energy-related expenses, other farm expenses, and the value of agricultural production stays the same.10 To assess the impacts of HR 2454 beyond 2018, we assume the underlying structure ofthe agricultural...
... PH17P(+) PA55G()) PA55G(+) PT69G()) PT69G(+) TTGTACGTTGCGAACAACCCCGGACAAT ATTGTCCGGGGTTGTTCGCAACGTACAA TTGTACGTTGCAATCAACCCCGGACAAT ATTGTCCGGGGTTGATTGCAACGTACAA ACCACAGGTGTTGTACATTGCGATCAACC GGTTGATCGCAATGTACAACACCTGTGGT ... GGTTGATCGCAATGTACAACACCTGTGGT TCCTACCGCAGGTCCTGAGCAGCAGGGA TCCCTGCTGCTCAGGACCTGCGGTAGGA TTTGCCCGCACTGGCGGCTTTGCGGTGTC GACACCGCAAAGCCGCCAGTGCGGGCAAA TTGGCATACGTACCACAGGTGTTGTAC GTACAACACCTCCGGTACGTATGCCAA ... role as the catalytic base (c) D75E: aspartic and glutamic acids are dicarboxylic acids, but glutamic acid has an additional carbon in the lateral chain The clear effect of this change in the RNase...
... large package In this case, note that two small packages are equivalent to a large package.14 With this assumption, theanalysis with small packages is similar to the case when the firm only offers ... requires that the per-unit margins from the small package are at least twice as large as the per-unit margins from the large package In this paper, we have assumed for simplicity that the marginal costs ... version that can be found at http://mktsci.journal informs.org/ Acknowledgments The author thanks Wilfred Amaldoss; Ram Janakiraman; Ambar Rao; seminar participants at the University of Arizona, University...
... [31] MALDI-TOF analysis MALDI-TOF analysisofthe peptides obtained after tryptic digestion ofthe labeled and nonlabeled Ag-NPA-1 was performed as described in [20,32] The data were analyzed ... ofthe medium and K2 the orientation factor, determined by the mutual spatial orientation ofthe transition dipole moments ofthe donor and acceptor As no data on the spatial orientation ofthe ... nematode protein Ag-NPA-1 R Jordanova et al Fig Immunohistological localization of Ag-NPA-1 in adult A galli and comparison with that in A suum using a polyclonal antiserum raised against native...