98 chimpanzee and 35 daffodil the human genome in evolutionary and cultural context
Báo cáo y học: " Contrasting chromatin organization of CpG islands and exons in the human genome" pot
... across non-coding exons (NCEs), coding exons, and flanking introns according to their relative positions within the transcript All exons and introns were partitioned into ten bins and the average ... between the 5' end ICEs and internal ICEs Fourth, even though flanking each other within the LCE or ICE, the UTR and the coding region show differential levels of nucleosomes and methylation The ... (NRC) was obtained for each bin of all corresponding exons and introns ICEs (initial coding exons) and LCEs (last coding exons) are broken into the UTR (light blue or light green) and coding region...
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báo cáo khoa học: " LINE dancing in the human genome: transposable elements and disease" ppt
... defects in any of the pathways influencing the L1 lifecycle are more vulnerable to insult from TEs Thus, to evaluate the impact of these elements on the stability of the human genome and human ... characterizing all of the TE-based variation with minimal ascertainment bias is the potential usage of some of the upcoming nextgeneration DNA sequencing approaches for random sequencing of the entire genome ... blue) and ORF2 (dark blue) and the 5’ untranslated region, inter-ORF region and 3’ untranslated region (white) (a) The typical insertion of these elements into the genome, which can lead to insertional...
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báo cáo khoa học: " Inversion variants in the human genome: role in disease and genome architecture" ppsx
... http://genomemedicine.com/content/2/2/11 (a) Number of events Current map of inversions in the human genome The map of human inversions is still quite limited, and our understanding of the number ... led to the identification of three polymorphic inversions was based on investigating regions that are inverted between the human and chimpanzee genomes By targeting 23 such regions in human control ... [20] and many submicroscopic inverted sequences [21] The majority of the nine visible inversions occurred along the chimpanzee lineage, but inversions on chromosomes and 18 are specific to the human...
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Báo cáo y học: "Functional constraint and small insertions and deletions in the ENCODE regions of the human genome" ppsx
... identify indels by requiring the inserted/deleted bases and the flanking five bases on either side of the indel to exceed a minimum Phred quality score of 22 If these minima were not met, then the indel ... work has identified indel hotspots in the human genome A minority of insertions and deletions may also have plausibly played a major role in speciation events, including human -chimpanzee phenotypic ... across the human genome, and to integrate indels into SNP marker maps in order to aid in the identification of natural genetic variation Recent theoretical work has considered the distribution of indels...
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Báo cáo y học: "A comprehensive transcript index of the human genome generated using microarrays and computational approaches" pdf
... from the mouse and human genomes, aligned using the AVID program [35] and then fed into the rVista program [36] From this, we identified the conserved regions in this gene between mouse and human, ... regions of the human and mouse genomes, further highlighting the potential for other classes of transcribed regions [18] Interestingly, recent tiling data suggests that many of these conserved intergenic ... outside of the annotated gene regions in the human, Arabidopsis thaliana and Escherichia coli genomes The recent sequencing and analysis of the mouse genome indicates extensive homology between intergenic...
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Báo cáo y học: "Large-scale discovery and validation of functional elements in the human genome" ppt
... chromatin and inactive heterochromatin) Both investigators have cloned sites cut by DNase I, carried out highly parallel sequencing to map them onto the genome, and integrated the resulting maps ... USA) and Gregory Crawford (National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), Bethesda, USA) presented methodologies for the systematic identification of regions of open chromatin in the human genome ... CpG islands and regions of high sequence conservation at the genome- wide level They are following up on their findings by screening hypersensitive sites in multiple cell types (such as the ones...
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Báo cáo y học: " Ultrafast and memory-efficient alignment of short DNA sequences to the human genome" pdf
... technique of 'double indexing' Two indices of the genome are created: one containing the BWT of the genome, called the 'forward' index, and a second containing the BWT of the genome with its character ... description and results Bowtie indexes the reference genome using a scheme based on the Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) [17] and the FM index [18,19] A Bowtie index for the human genome fits in 2.2 ... (the original query's left half) The constraints on backtracking into the right half prevent excessive backtracking, whereas the use of two phases and two indices maintains full sensitivity The...
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Statistical methods for the detection and analyses of structural variants in the human genome
... class, the repeat type (tandem or interspersed), number in the hg19 human genome, percentage of the hg19 human genome covered, and approximate lower and upper bounds for the lengths of the repeat ... read may span the breakpoint of the CNV SR analysis has the advantage of being able to pinpoint the location of the breakpoints Assembly-based AS methods, on the other hand, not align the reads to ... sequences in other parts of the genome They are abundant in the human genome and covers almost 50% of the human genome (Treangen et al., 2012) Table 2.2 summarises repeat type, number, percentage of genome...
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Identifying and characterizing cis regulatory elements in the human genome
... Introduction 1.1 The Human Genome Project A major quest in biology is to understand the function and regulation of all the human genes and their role in human biology and diseases The Human Genome Project ... conserved in human, mouse and several other mammals, and one CNE was determined to regulate the expression of cytokine genes interleukin-4, interleukin-13 and interleukin-5 located in the same ... the protein-bound DNA sample missing bands in DNA sites (“footprints”) where the protein has bound and protected them from cleavage To identify the binding sites, the positions of the footprints...
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The transference of meaning through class of words denoting parts of the human body in english and vietnames
... part of garment covering the knee 42) Knuckle Any joint in the fingers esp those where the fingers joint the rest of the hand ( of animal) Knee or joint joining the leg to the foot esp as apiece ... denoting parts of the human body in English 1) Abdomen 1 .The part of the body, below the chest, containing the stomach, bowels The back part of an insect 2) Arm Either of the two upper limbs of the ... Ankle 1 .The joint connecting the foot with the leg The thinner part of the leg between this joint and the calf 4) Arse The part of the body one sits on; the anus A person 5) Artery Any of the tubes...
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a user's guide to the human genome
... describing the prediction (Fig 7.3) The region has sequence similarity to the pendrin gene (which was already known at the beginning of the example) The size and the beginning- and endpoints of the ... prediction are given, and it is indicated that the prediction lies on the minus strand; this was also indicated in Fig 7.2 by the left-pointing arrows in the intronic regions To obtain the sequence, ... 10) The links to the right of the gene symbol point to additional information about the gene • sv, or sequence view, shows the position of the gene in the context of the genomic contig, including...
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Báo cáo y học: " Detecting sequence polymorphisms associated with meiotic recombination hotspots in the human genome" pptx
... namely the positions of causal SNPs and hot allele frequencies at the beginning and the end of the simulation (Tables S1, S2, and S3 in Additional file 3) If the hot allele frequency at the beginning ... [32] and the variation in the zinc finger array of the Prdm9 gene can explain only about 18% of variation in human recombination phenotype [38], it is unlikely that the 13-mer motif and the Prdm9 ... Importantly, human Prdm9 protein was predicted to recognize the aforementioned 13-mer motif CCNCCNTNNCCNC in a zinc finger binding array The fast evolution of Prdm9 protein and its binding motif...
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Báo cáo y học: "Molecular characterization of partial-open reading frames 1a and 2 of the human astroviruses in South Korea" ppsx
... those originating in the New World have been classified into Latin American and Meso American groups A seventh group of Sweet potato-infecting viruses (swepoviruses) is found in both the Old and New ... throughout south and Southeast Asia Similarly, amongst the four minor sub-populations within the Ch-J-SEA major sub-population, the minor Alternenthera-infecting virus sub-population contains only viruses ... viruses, Chinese Ageratum and Tomato infecting viruses, Southern Indian and Sri Lankan tomato and cassava infecting viruses Striking differences were also detected depending on the apparently favored...
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Báo cáo y học: "Molecular characterization of partial-open reading frames 1a and 2 of the human astroviruses in South Korea" doc
... strain, and the Dresden strain clustered, unlike in the case of ORF1, and the HAstV-4 Goiania, Dresden, and Guangzhou strains clustered in the same group (Fig 2) In the nucleotide sequence of the ... For the distance matrix between the DNA sequences, the Dnadist program was used, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining (NJ) method in the Neighbor program In 89 of the ... references (the prototype and the Dresden and Oxford strains) The isolates, however, grouped together, with a high similarity between them This indicates that the AstVs circulating in the Seoul metropolitan...
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Báo cáo y học: "Bench-to-bedside review: Fulfilling promises of the Human Genome Project" pot
... noncoding region of the genome also affects susceptibility to disease in a way that is still unclear In addition, the interaction of individual SNPs and the degree to which they track together in ... Collins F, Guyer MS, Peterson J, Felsenfeld A, Wetterstrand KA, Patrinos A, Morgan MJ, Szustakowki J; International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human ... finding each functionally relevant SNP beforehand In a certain region, SNPs often track together in the population In linkage disequilibrium, such nearby SNPs can serve as proxies for each other...
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Báo cáo y học: " Identification of endogenous retroviral reading frames in the human genome" ppt
... fusion like the syncytin genes [2628] and iii) a hypothesized role in preventing the immune response against the developing embryo by means of the immunosuppressive domain [52] Two seemingly intact ... [2] Finally, screening the human genome in silico does not guarantee detection of polymorphic HERV loci in which the empty pre-integration site is still segregating in the human population Indeed, ... members (including Syncytin-1 and -2) have unambiguous EST matches By far, Syncytin-1, dominates with 100 EST matches, followed by Syncytin-2 and HERV-R Syncytin-1 and Syncytin-2 were predominantly...
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Báo cáo y học: "Fast-evolving noncoding sequences in the human genome" pps
... signal is if the duplication occurred before the (macaque [chimpanzee, human] ) split, giving rise to copies X and Y, and the alignment is between the chimpanzee and macaque copy X and the human copy ... sequences [32,33] The most recent segmental duplications in the human genome occurred after the human -chimpanzee split, and differential evolution between these copies would explain the humanspecific ... RBPSUH (Recombining Binding Protein SUppressor of Hairless), which is a J kapparecombination signal-binding protein We further explored the biological properties of the associated genes at the significance...
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Báo cáo y học: "Systematic analysis of transcribed loci in ENCODE regions using RACE sequencing reveals extensive transcription in the human genome" pptx
... locations of the genome and were therefore deemed as products derived for the intended locus (see Materials and methods, below, for details regarding mapping of RACE sequences to the genome and the fitness ... transcriptase, to the strandspecific microarray Products from the sense strand (+) are shown in the top half of the panel Products from the antisense strand are in the bottom half of the panel The novel ... splicing and protein coding and nonprotein coding RNAs The ability of RNA to encode protein and to serve a structural and regulatory role makes it a diverse molecule for mediating many functions The...
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Báo cáo y học: "otspots of homologous recombination in the human genome: not all homologous sequences are equal" ppsx
... identified a hotspot initially inferred from the observed nonuniform distribution of recombination within the human -globin gene cluster [15,16] These and other AHR hotspots cluster within small regions ... human genome are essential and are likely to enable further insights into the most basic properties of homologous recombination refereed research What is the signal for recombination hotspots in the ... fine-scale variation in recombination rates across the human genome Nat Genet 2004, 36:700-706 Hurles ME, Willey D, Matthews L, Hussain SS: Origins of chromosomal rearrangement hotspots in the...
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Báo cáo y học: "SINEs point to abundant editing in the human genome" ppt
... elements in the human genome In this scenario, dsRNA duplexes in pre-mRNAs would be edited by the ADAR in the nucleus, but other kinds of mRNA processing and function would be largely unaffected The ... associated with the nuclear matrix [4] Therefore, the bulk of mRNAs containing edited Alu sequences, and certainly those with edited intronic Alus, might remain in the nucleus and thus not interfere ... of the adenosines (A) on each strand being deaminated to I in an almost random fashion These edited RNAs are not destined for translation in the cytoplasm; editing may lead to a number of distinct...
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