MY ASSIGNMENT Write about the Vowels in English. I. Introduction: Vowels can be monophthongs, diphthongs or triphthongs. It is obviously necessary to be able to make sounds different, distinctive, make one word different from all the other words.
HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY END OF TERM TEST ON ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY (1) FOR STUDENTS OF ENGLISH (No 1) Subject Code: EN10 Full name: Date of birth: Group: ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (1) Write about the Vowels in English Notes: You should write in 1000-1200 words Your assignment should be in parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion Your writing should focus on some aspects: Definition and classification of vowels and how to describe them You should give examples to illustrate your ideas ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (2) Write about the Consonants in English Notes: You should write in 1000-1200 words Your assignment should be in parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion Your writing should focus on some aspects: Definition and classification of consonants in English and how to describe them You should give examples to illustrate your ideas ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (3) Write about the Stress Patterns in English Notes: You should write in 1000-1200 words Your assignment should be in parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion Your writing should focus on some aspects: Definition and rules of stress patterns in English and how to apply them You should give examples to illustrate your ideas ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (4) Write about the Weak and Strong Forms of Grammatical Words in English Notes: You should write in 1000-1200 words Your assignment should be in parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion Your writing should focus on some aspects: The cases of weak and strong forms of grammatical words in English and how to use them in conversation You should give examples to illustrate your ideas ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (5) Write about the Elision and Linking in English Notes: You should write in 1000-1200 words Your assignment should be in parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion Your writing should focus on some aspects: Definition and cases of Elision and Linking in English how to use them in conversation You should give examples to illustrate your ideas ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (6) Write about the Assimilation in English Notes: You should write in 1000-1200 words Your assignment should be in parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion Your writing should focus on some aspects: Definition and cases of Assimilation in English and how to use them in conversation You should give examples to illustrate your ideas ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (7) Write about the Variation in English Notes: You should write in 1000-1200 words Your assignment should be in parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion Your writing should focus on some aspects: Definition and cases of Variation in English and how to use them in conversation You should give examples to illustrate your ideas ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (8) Write about the Rhythm units and Tune shapes in English Notes: You should write in 1000-1200 words Your assignment should be in parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion Your writing should focus on some aspects: Definition and classification of Rhythm units and Tune shapes and how to use them You should give examples to illustrate your ideas ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (9) Write about the Intonation in English Notes: You should write in 1000-1200 words Your assignment should be in parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion Your writing should focus on some aspects: Definition and importance of intonation in English and how to use them in conversation You should give examples to illustrate your ideas ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (10) Write about the Overview Phonetics and Phonology in English Notes: You should write in 1000-1200 words Your assignment should be in parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion Your writing should focus on some aspects: Overview of Phonetics and Phonology, Speech organs You should give examples to illustrate your ideas END OF TERM TEST ON ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY No MY ASSIGNMENT Write about the Vowels in English I Introduction: Vowels can be monophthongs, diphthongs or triphthongs It is obviously necessary to be able to make sounds different, distinctive, make one word different from all the other words If we count up the sounds which are distinctive in initial and final position we will find that there are 24 consonants altogether, and 20 vowels There are 44 sounds in English divided into different kinds of speech: vowels and consonants The vowels are divided into 12 monophthongs and diphthongs II Development: Definition of vowels: - Vowels are one of the two principal classes of speech sounds, the other being the consonant Vowels vary in quality, in loudness and also in quantity (length) They are usually voiced and are closely involved in prosodic variation such as tone, intonation and stress - Vowels are made by voiced air passing through different mouth-shapes; the different shape of the mouth is caused by different positions of the tongue and of the lips We can definition of vowel: a speech sound made with your mouth open and your tongue in the middle of your mouth not touching your teeth, lips, etc And it is a letter (such as a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes y in English) that represents a vowel - There are 12 pure vowels or monophthongs in English – /i:/, /ɪ/, /ʊ/, /u:/, /e/, /ə/, /ɜ:/, /ɔ:/, /æ/, /ʌ/, /ɑ:/ and /ɒ/ There are diphthongs sounds in common english pronounciation namely – /aɪ/ , /eɪ/ , /əʊ/ ,/aʊ/ ,/eə/ ,/ɪə/ ,/ɔɪ/, /ʊə/ In the English consonants there are semivowels: The /w/ sound (letter "w") and /j/ sound (letter "y") are the only two semi-vowels (also commonly called glides) in English Classification of vowels: In the sense of classification we must have the criteria, the principles, and the ways Ex male ≠ female sex = criteria There have been different ways of describing vowel sounds Vowel sounds are classified according to the following questions: - How high is the tongue? - What part of the tongue is involved? (What part is raised lowered?) - How long or short is the vowel? - How are shapes of lips? - Shapes of lips (mouth): when somebody says or pronounce we look at his or her mouth then we can find different shapes Thus, it can be classified in three ways: Tongue hight Part of the tongue which is raised Degree of lips rounding * According to tongue hight: - High vowels: - Low vowels: - Mid vowels: It refers to how high or low our tongue is Thus we can say that /i/ is a high vowel sound, /e/ is intermediate, and /a/ is low You may notice the movement of the tongue if you pronounce these three sounds * According to the part of the tongue raised: - Front vowels - Back vowels - Central vowels When we make a vowel sound, our tongue is in a specific position inside our mouth For example, if you make the vowel sound /i/ and then /u/, you will notice that your tongue moves back, and if you make the sound /i/ and then /a/, your tongue moves down The following chart shows the position of the tongue when we pronounce the English vowel sounds You have to imagine that this chart is inside the mouth For each sound, there is one phonetic symbol that belongs to the International Phonetic Alphabet * According to degree of lips rounding: - Rounded vowels - Unround vowels - Neutral vowels It refers to the position of our lips, when we make the vowel sounds When we make the sound /i/, the corners of our mouth are further apart, so we can say that this is a spread vowel sound When we pronounce /u/, our lips are rounded, and for the sound /a/ our lips are neither spread nor rounded, so we say that it is an unrounded vowel or neutral Categories of vowel sounds: 3.1 The English Monophthongs: - Definition: Monophthongs provide a single sound while pronouncing the words In general, a monophthong is a pure vowel sound When we pronounce it the organs of speech does not change, i.e the organs of speech remain in a given position for a period of time During the process of pronunciation, from the beginning to the end there is no the changing of the organs of speech Monophthongs are not the sounds but are representing symbols of the sounds The mouth is not moving, changing The air stream pass through the mouth easily, it doesn’t form any obstacles, no obstruction; we call monophthongs There are 12 pure vowels or monophthongs in English – /i:/, /ɪ/, /ʊ/, /u:/, /e/, /ə/, /ɜ:/, /ɔ:/, /æ/, /ʌ/, /ɑ:/ and /ɒ/ 3.2 Diphthongs: - Definition: Diphthong is a sound formed by the conjunction of two vowels in a single syllable, in which the sound begins as one vowel and moves towards another (as in rain, slow, and chair) Therefore diphthongs are also called gliding vowels There are diphthongs sounds in common english pronounciation namely – /aɪ/, /eɪ/ , /əʊ/ ,/aʊ/ ,/eə/ ,/ɪə/ ,/ɔɪ/, /ʊə/ * semivowels: The /w/ sound (letter "w") and /j/ sound (letter "y") are the only two semi-vowels (also commonly called glides) in English These sounds can be created with slightly greater restriction in the vocal tract than vowels, but less restriction than most other consonants - Example of semivowels + Vowel sounds spelled with a "w": aw /ɑ/ saw ew /u:/ new ew /ju:/ few ow /oʊ/ snow ow /aʊ/ cow + Vowel sounds spelled with a "y": y /i/ happy y /aɪ/ by y /ɪ/ mystic oy /oɪ/ toy ay /eɪ/ day 3.3 The English Triphthongs Triphthongs are the most complex sounds of the vowel type of English They can be rather difficult to pronounce and very difficult to recognize A triphthong is a glide from one vowel sound to another and then to a third, all its pronunciation occurs rapidly and without interruption The principal causes difficulty for the foreign learner is that in present-day English the extent of the vowel movement is very short, except in very careful pronunciation Because of this, the middle of the three vowel qualities of the triphthong can hardly be heard and the resulting sound is difficult to distinguish from some of the diphthongs and long vowels Describing and identifying vowels: - Describing vowels: Vowels are commonly described according to the following characteristics The portion of the tongue that is involved in the articulation: front, central or back The tongue's position relative to the palate: high, mid or low The shape of the lips: rounded or unrounded (spread) The length or duration of vocalization: long or short A four-sided vowel chart is often used to demonstrate the front–back and high–low positions The chart roughly represents the tongue position in the oral cavity - Identifying vowels: Linguists classify vowels according to four pieces of information: tongue height, tongue backness, lip rounding, and tenseness III Conclusion Summary, vowels are open sounds because they involve no obstruction to the flow of air from the lungs as it passes up through the windpipe (trachea), through the voice box (larynx) and out of the mouth Other than positioning the tongue, jaws and lips there is nothing to obstruct the airflow All vowels are produced with the vocal folds vibrating and are said to be voiced sounds Learn about English vowels, we will see the interesting of this type in terms of their classification and description ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (1) Write about the Vowels in English Notes: You should write in 1000-1200 words Your assignment should be in parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion Your writing should focus on some aspects: Definition and classification of vowels and how to describe them You should give examples to illustrate your ideas ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (2) Write about the Consonants in English Notes: You should write in 1000-1200 words Your assignment should be in parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion Your writing should focus on some aspects: Definition and classification of consonants in English and how to describe them You should give examples to illustrate your ideas ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (3) Write about the Stress Patterns in English Notes: You should write in 1000-1200 words Your assignment should be in parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion Your writing should focus on some aspects: Definition and rules of stress patterns in English and how to apply them You should give examples to illustrate your ideas ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (4) Write about the Weak and Strong Forms of Grammatical Words in English Notes: You should write in 1000-1200 words Your assignment should be in parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion Your writing should focus on some aspects: The cases of weak and strong forms of grammatical words in English and how to use them in conversation You should give examples to illustrate your ideas ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (5) Write about the Elision and Linking in English Notes: You should write in 1000-1200 words Your assignment should be in parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion Your writing should focus on some aspects: Definition and cases of Elision and Linking in English how to use them in conversation You should give examples to illustrate your ideas ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (6) Write about the Assimilation in English Notes: You should write in 1000-1200 words Your assignment should be in parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion Your writing should focus on some aspects: Definition and cases of Assimilation in English and how to use them in conversation You should give examples to illustrate your ideas ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (7) Write about the Variation in English Notes: You should write in 1000-1200 words Your assignment should be in parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion Your writing should focus on some aspects: Definition and cases of Variation in English and how to use them in conversation You should give examples to illustrate your ideas ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (8) Write about the Rhythm units and Tune shapes in English Notes: You should write in 1000-1200 words Your assignment should be in parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion Your writing should focus on some aspects: Definition and classification of Rhythm units and Tune shapes and how to use them You should give examples to illustrate your ideas ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (9) Write about the Intonation in English Notes: You should write in 1000-1200 words Your assignment should be in parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion Your writing should focus on some aspects: Definition and importance of intonation in English and how to use them in conversation You should give examples to illustrate your ideas ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (10) Write about the Overview Phonetics and Phonology in English Notes: You should write in 1000-1200 words Your assignment should be in parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion 10 Your writing should focus on some aspects: Overview of Phonetics and Phonology, Speech organs You should give examples to illustrate your ideas 11