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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION LE MINH HIEN TRAINING MANAGEMENT OF LOCAL UNIVERSITIES TO MEET THE HUMAN RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS OF THE NORTH CENTRAL INDUSTRIAL ZONES SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION FOR EDUCATION SCIENCE HANOI, 2021 The dissertation has been completed at: HANOI PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY Supervisor: Assoc Prof., Dr Phan Trong Ngo Reviewer 1: Assoc Prof., Dr Pham Minh Hung Reviewer 2: Assoc Prof., Dr Tran Khanh Duc Reviewer 3: Assoc Prof., Dr Phan Thanh Long This doctoral dissertation will be defended at the faculty-level Board of Examiners at Hanoi National University of Education, at………on………… The thesis can be found at the library: - National Library, Hanoi - Library of Hanoi Pedagogical University INTRODUCTION Rationale for the study Over the years, local universities (LUs) have focused on building training programs, innovating teaching methods and training management methods, initially achieving certain successes Although the structure and quality of training have been improved, there are still many limitations, especially for training bachelor degree level As a result, graduates from some majors face difficulties to find jobs or have to go to work out of professionally trained or have to be retrained That fact has forced LUs schools to innovate training management (TM) methods to meet local and regional socio-economic development requirements, building higher education programs to meet the need of the labour market, which is the way for universities in general and local universities, in particular, to build their brands and affirm their responsibility to society The theoretical basis and practical needs mentioned above show the urgent requirements to conduct the present study: "Training management of local universities to meet the human resource requirements of the North Central industrial zones" Results from the study are expected to contribute to local universities in particular and the higher education system in general in researching and applying advanced management models to training management practice to meet bachelor-degree level human resource requirements of enterprises in industrial zones (IZs), serving the socio-economic development of the locality and the country Research aims Based on theoretical and practical research of Training and TM at LUs, the author suggested TM solutions meet the human resource requirements of enterprises in the North Central Industrial zones Research Participants and research subjects 3.1 Research participants: Training human resources of LUs to meet the human resource requirements of enterprises in industrial zones in the North Central region 3.2 Research subjects: Training management of LUs to meet the human resource requirements of enterprises in industrial zones in the North Central region Research Hypothesis TM of LUs in the North Central region has not been managed according to a process that links universities and enterprises in training human resources to meet the requirements of IZs The TM of LUs is affected by many objective and subjective factors The subjective elements from the leadership and management of the university are the main ones Through theoretical and practical research, it has been confirmed that TM using the CIPO model is an advanced and effective method applied in many countries worldwide Therefore, proposing TM activities of LUs, using the above model in an asynchronous and appropriate manner, could positively affect the quality of human resource training Consequently, the human resource requirements of enterprises in the North Central Industrial zones in the current context can be met Research objectives 5.1 Researching the theoretical basis of Training and TM of LUs to meet the human resource requirements of enterprises in industrial zones in the North Central region 5.2 Surveying, analyzing and evaluating the Training and TM practicality of LUs to meet the human resource requirements of enterprises in the North Central Industrial zones 5.3 Proposing TM measures of LUs to meet the human resource requirements of enterprises in industrial zones in the North Central region Scope of the study 6.1 Research content: Research on university training (formal form) of local universities to meet the human resource requirements of enterprises in industrial zones in the North Central region 6.2 Research area: The thesis surveys the current status of training, training management at three local universities: Hong Duc University, Ha Tinh University and Quang Binh University; survey on human resource requirements in Nghi Son economic zone, Thanh Hoa province and Vung Ang economic zone, Ha Tinh province 6.3 Survey subjects: survey subjects include: managers, lecturers, students, former students and managers of enterprises and industrial zones 6.4 Research time: Survey is conducted in Nghi Son economic zone, Vung Ang economic zone; the current status of training and management in local universities in the North Central region (Hong Duc University, Ha Tinh University and Quang Binh University in recent years (from 2016 to 2020) Approaches and research methods 7.1 Approaches: The thesis mainly uses the CIPO model approach; it also uses the systematic approach, the capacity-based approach, and the supply-demand approach 7.2 Research methods: The thesis combines methods systematically, including: a) Document and text research method; b) Investigation method; c) In-depth interview method; d) Method of asking experts; e) Method of summarizing practical experience; data processing method f) Verification method; Defensive arguments 8.1 The application of training managing measures to meet the human resources requirements of industrial zones in local universities in Vietnam is inevitable It is vital to renew the training management of local universities to meet the needs of human resources to serve enterprises in the industrial zones in the North Central region 8.2 Applying the theory of the CIPO model to the training management of local universities to meet the human resource requirements of enterprises in the industrial zones in the North Central region, such as input factors, training process, the output factors, the impact of the context will help the training organization process at local universities to be more effective in the current period 8.3 The proposed training management measures of the local university will overcome the limitations and weaknesses and contribute to creating training products that meet the human resource requirements of the industrial zones in the North Central region Significance of the thesis 9.1 The thesis clarifies some theoretical issues about local universities' training and training management to meet the human resource requirements of enterprises in the North Central region's industrial zones The training management utilizes the CIPO model to control inputs, manage processes, manage outputs, and consider environmental factors affecting the quality of trained human resources 9.2 The thesis assesses the current training programs and training management of local universities to meet the human resource requirements of enterprises in industrial zones in the North Central region; factors affecting training and training management of the universities 9.3 The thesis proposes training management measures of local universities to meet the requirements of human resources in industrial zones in the North Central region 9.4 The thesis can be seen as a set of documents for training institutions and enterprises to refer to when implementing human resource training to meet the human resource requirements of enterprises 10 Structure of the thesis In addition to the introduction, conclusion and recommendations, list of references and appendices, the thesis includes three main chapters Chapter 1: A literature review of training and training management of local universities to meet the human resource requirements of the industrial zone in the North Central region Chapter 2: The current situation of training and training management of local universities to meet the human resource requirements of industrial zones in the North Central region Chapter 3: Training management measures of local universities to meet the human resource requirements of industrial zones in the North Central region CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW OF TRAINING MANAGEMENT OF LOCAL UNIVERSITIES TO MEET THE HUMAN RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS OF INDUSTRIAL ZONE IN THE NORTH CENTRAL REGION 1.1 Research overview 1.1.1 The studies on training management of local universities to meet the trained human resource requirements of enterprises 1.1.2 The studies on training management of local universities linking with local practices to meet enterprises' trained human resource requirements 1.1.3 The studies on local universities and their training and training management to meet the human resource requirements for the locality 1.2 Training of the local university to meet the human resource requirements of enterprises in the industrial zone 1.2.1 Concepts of a local university 1.2.2 Human resource training at local university 1.2.3 The training methods of the local university meet the human resource requirements of enterprises in the industrial zone 1.2.4 training in local universities to meet human resource requirements for enterprises in industrial zones 1.2.5 Criteria for evaluating the training of local universities to meet human resource requirements of enterprises in industrial zones 1.3 Training management of local universities to meet the human resource requirements of enterprises in industrial zones 1.3.1 Concepts 1.3.2 Factors of the training management of local universities to meet the human resource requirements for industrial zones 1.3.3 Training management models of local universities 1.3.4 The CIPO-model for training management at local universities under the human resource requirements in industrial zones 1.3.4.1 CIPO model in training of local universities to meet human resource requirements for industrial zones The components of the CIPO model in LU training to meet the university-level human resource requirements of enterprises in the IZs are as follows: Input Process Output Context Figure 1.1 CIPO model in training management Source: extract from the document [21] 1.3.4.2 Training management of the local university to meet the requirements of university-level human resources enterprises in the IZs according to the CIPO model 1.4 The factors affecting training management at local universities following the human resource requirements in industrial zones 1.4.1 impact of objective factors on training management of local universities to meet human resource requirements of enterprises in industrial zones 1.4.2 impact of subjective factors on training management of local universities to meet human resource requirements of enterprises in industrial zones Conclusion of chapter In chapter one, the thesis has not only reviewed the definitions of local universities, human resources, enterprises, industrial zones, etc but also systemized theoretical literature of education management, training management, training management at local universities in accordance with the human resource requirements for industrial zones Additionally, the thesis has analyzed the factors affecting training activity and management at local universities to meet the human resource requirements in industrial zones; discusses training management, components of training management, training management models, training management of local universities to meet the needs of bachelor –degree level human resources for enterprises according to CIPO model; factors affecting the training management of local universities to meet the requirements of bachelor-degree level human resources of enterprises in IZs Through research on theories and training management at universities in general and at local universities in particular, the author believes that the method of managing training according to the CIPO-model is relevant to the training management at local universities to meet the human resource requirements for industrial zones Therefore, the author studied the application of the CIPO-model in training management to meet the human resource requirements in industrial zones, including input management, process management, output management, and studied the factors affecting training management at local universities The theoretical literature on training and training management at local universities in accordance with the human resource requirements in industrial zones in the North Central region is the crucial premise to the research, actual survey and make suggestions for the method of training management CHAPTER THE REALITY OF TRAINING AND TRAINING MANAGEMENT AT LOCAL UNIVERSITIES IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE HUMAN RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS IN NORTH CENTRAL REGIONAL INDUSTRIAL ZONES 2.1 An overview of cultural, economic and social context in local areas, industrial zones and universities in the North Central region 2.1.1 The socio-economic, cultural context and the reality of human resource in North Central regional localities 2.1.2 Economic zones and the human resource requirements in North Central economic zones 2.1.3 An overview of local universities in the North Central region 2.2 Organize a situation survey 2.2.1 Survey purpose 2.2.2 Survey scope and audience 2.2.3 Survey content 2.2.4 Survey method 2.2.5 Evaluate survey results 2.3 The reality of training management at local universities to meet the human resource requirements in North Central industrial zones 2.3.1 The reality of enrolment activity, training scale of local universities in North Central region 2.3.2 The reality of training at local universities to meet the human resource requirements for enterprises in Northcentral Industrial zones 2.3.2.1 Actual situation of training organization of local universities in the North Central region 2.3.2.2 Actual situation of cooperation between local universities and enterprises of industrial zones in human resource training 2.3.2.3 The reality of enterprises' participation in the training of local 11 Building resources to implement the training 2.40 0.64 2.43 0.59 0.076 program Developing a plan for the implementation of the 2.36 0.73 2.49 0.66 0.08 program Quality assurance plan 3.01 0.58 2.83 0.70 0.33 Coordinating related parties in the implementation of the 2.41 0.62 2.38 0.65 0.18 training program Policies to promote the connection between local 2.58 0.52 2.52 0.65 0.21 universities and enterprises in Training Reviewing and adjusting capacity profiles, output 2.59 0.56 2.46 0.61 0.23 standards to meet employers' requirements Total 2.52 0.60 2.47 0.65 0.72 2.4.2.2 The current situation of managing the training process of the local university to meet the human resource requirements of the industrial zones in the North Central region Table 2.22 Evaluation of participants on the current situation of managing the training process of local universities to meet the human resource requirements of industrial zones in the North Central region No Subjects to be evaluated Organizing the implementation of training regulations Directing the development of detailed course outlines Directing the innovation of teaching methods Developing teaching capacity according to the credit system for lecturers Developing appropriate Average score Managers Lecturers Averag Standard Averag Standard e deviation e deviation Ttest p 2.54 0.58 2.49 0.56 0.08 2.47 0.58 2.33 0.69 0.40 2.39 0.65 2.40 0.64 0.33 2.21 0.66 2.36 0.73 0.27 1.98 0.77 2.41 0.58 0.13 12 regimes and policies for lecturers Developing students' self6 study ability Forming and developing professional capacity for students Organizing skills training activities for students Organization for students to scientific research Building a reasonable reward 10 and discipline system Total 1.98 0.76 2.41 0.62 0.42 2.64 0.58 2.49 0.56 0.07 2.87 0.57 2.63 0.65 0.53 2.78 0.75 2.49 0.67 0.77 3.21 0.66 3.36 0.83 0.06 2.51 0.66 2.54 0.65 0.12 2.4.2.3 Current situation of output management in training and training management of local universities to meet human resource requirements of industrial zones in the North Central region Table 2.23 Evaluation of participants on the current status of training output management and training management of local universities to meet the human resource requirements of industrial zones Ttest Average score No Subjects to be evaluated Admission Policy Tuition policy for learners Employment policy for students after graduation Policy binding corporate responsibility in the use of human resources Financial policy for students doing internships at enterprises Policy to attract good technical experts to work at enterprises in industrial zones Training policy according to contracts and orders of enterprises Managers Averag Standard e deviation 3.23 0.68 3.34 0.62 Lecturers Averag Standard e deviation 3.44 0.62 3.19 0.56 p 0.17 0.13 2.90 0.56 3.25 0.53 0.09 2.65 0.53 2.27 0.61 0.31 3.29 0.61 3.36 0.63 0.23 2.76 0.63 2.82 0.62 0.18 3.12 0.68 2.64 0.64 0.07 13 Total 3.04 0.62 3.00 0.60 0.22 2.4.2.4 Effective training management of the local university to meet the human resource requirements of industrial zones in the North Central region 2.4.3 Factors affecting the training management of the local university to meet the human resource requirements of enterprises in the industrial park in the North Central region Table 2.25 Evaluation of the subjects about the actual status of the influence of objective factors on the training management of local universities Ttest Average score No Subjects to be evaluated The impact of the market mechanism Development trend of higher education Political, socio-economic situation of the local Impact of Industry 4.0 Enrollment situation of local universities Total Managers Averag Standard e deviation Lecturers Averag Standard e deviation p 3.06 0.76 3.03 0.66 0.23 3.13 0.74 3.25 0.73 0.27 3.21 0.71 3.17 0.68 0.18 3.41 0.68 3.34 0.69 0.24 3.21 0.77 3.15 0.63 0.33 3.29 0.64 3.18 0.66 0.30 2.5 General assessment of the training status and training management of local universities to meet the human resource requirements of the North Central industrial zones 2.4.1 Achievements 2.5.2 Limitations 2.5.3 Causes of limitations 14 Conclusion of chapter To assess the training status and training management of LUs to meet the requirements of the undergraduate level human resources of enterprises in the North Central IZs, the author has surveyed the training status of LUs to meet the requirements of the undergraduate level human resources of enterprises in industrial zones, including enrollment, training scale, training implementation, training results, training quality; effective cooperation between local universities and enterprises, advantage and disadvantages in training the undergraduate level human resources to meet the requirements of enterprises; the training programs of local universities to meet the requirements of the undergraduate-level human resources of enterprises, including the awareness of the subjects (managers, lecturers, students), management of cohesive activities between local universities and enterprises, the training management of local universities to meet the human resource requirements of the North Central Industrial Zone according to the CIPO model: current situation of input student management (current of enrollment management, status of building training programs); status of the training process management; output management; factors affecting training management In summary, the current status of training management of local universities in human resources training to meet the requirements of industrial zones of the North Central region is still limited from recruitment, Training and Training management, input and process management to output management and the ability to adapt to the impact factors of the context Therefore, it is required that innovative measures in training management be appropriate and feasible 15 CHAPTER METHOD OF TRAINING MANAGEMENT OF LOCAL UNIVERSITIES TO MEET THE REQUIREMENTS OF HUMAN RESOURCES OF THE NORTH CENTRAL INDUSTRIAL ZONES 3.1 Orientation of training management activities of local universities to meet the requirements of human resources for the North Central Industrial Zones 3.1.1 Orientation of the development of the industrial zones of the North Central region 3.1.2 Forecast of human resources to meet the development requirements of industrial zones in Thanh Hoa province 3.2 Principles of proposing training management measures in local universities to meet human resource requirements of North Central Industrial Zones 3.2.1 Perspective of human resource training associated with the practice 3.2.2 Theoretical background of using the CIPO model 3.2.3 The reality in meeting the requirements of businesses and universities 3.2.4 Systematization in management 3.3 Measures to manage human resource training at local universities to meet human resource requirements of industrial zones in the North Central region 3.3.1 Raising awareness for staff, lecturers and students about training and training management to meet the human resource requirements of enterprises 3.3.2 Assessing needs and building a training information system of local universities to meet the human resource requirements of enterprises 3.3.3 Developing training programs to meet the human resource requirements of enterprises 3.3.4 Innovating training methods to meet the human resource requirements of enterprises 3.3.5 Innovating, inspecting and evaluating the training process to meet the human resource requirements of enterprises 16 3.3.6 Linking activities between local universities and enterprises in human resource training 3.4 The relationship between measures 3.5 Testing the necessity and feasibility of the training management measures of the local university to meet the human resource requirements of the industrial zones in the North Central region 3.5.1 Purpose of the test 3.5.2 Test content 3.5.3 Test form 3.5.4 Test results Table 3.1 Results of testing the necessity and feasibility of measures Necessity (N) Feasibility (F) Avg Avg Ver Rel Les N Ra Ver Rel Les N Ran N scor N scor No Measures y N s o nk y N s o k e e 5đ 4đ 3đ 2đ 5đ 4đ 3đ 2đ đ đ 1: Measures to manage activities to raise awareness for managers, teachers and students on training and training 62, 14, 3,8 33, 49, 23,4 0 11,3 6,1 3,31 management to 5 meet the requirements of the undergraduatelevel human resources of enterprises in industrial zones 17 2: Measures to manage needs assessment activities and build a training information system of local universities to meet the requirements of the undergraduate-level human resources of enterprises in industrial zones 3: Management measures for the building training programs to meet the requirements of the undergraduatelevel human resources of enterprises in industrial zones 4: Management measures to innovate teaching methods to meet the requirements of the undergraduate level human resources of enterprises in industrial zones 56, 18, 25,7 0 3,8 33, 51, 14,3 1,5 3,27 1 43, 29, 27,6 0 3,7 14, 45, 25,6 14,5 3,00 4 43, 28, 28,6 2 3,7 14, 42, 1, 21,3 20,7 2,85 5 18 5: Innovative management measures to examine and evaluate the training process to meet the requirements of the undergraduatelevel human resources of enterprises in industrial zones 6: Measures to manage the association between local universities and enterprises in training the undergraduatelevel human resources to meet the requirements of enterprises in industrial zones 14, 27, 3,0 30,1 27,6 15, 31, 24,7 28,8 2,41 57, 36, 15,7 55, 47, 0, 10,2 6,2 3,08 3,8 3.6 Organize a trial of 01 proposed measure 3.6.1 Test purpose 3.6.2 Test content 3.6.3 Test location and time 3.6.4 Test organization 3.6.5 Test results Table 3.4 The degree of connection between university and business Linked Contents The company provides information on recruitment needs and labor recruitment methods The company provides information Test group Verification group Faurl Avg Faurl Avg Good Avg Good Avg y score y score 32 2,91 28 1,14 30 2,86 22 1,51 19 about the innovation process in production - business and new technical labor requirements Company experts participate in practical teaching Company experts participate in internship guidance The company creates conditions to visit, practice and practice production The company participates in output evaluation and labor recruitment The company participates in the development or modification of the training program 33 2,94 0 35 1,00 34 2,97 25 1,51 33 2,94 29 1,34 34 2,97 0 35 1,00 31 2,89 33 1,06 The experimental results confirmed the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed measures and proved the correctness of the proposed scientific hypothesis Therefore, each measure has its positive effects on the quality and effectiveness of Training at Hong Duc University 20 Conclusion of chapter Based on the theoretical background of Chapter and the reality of Chapter 2, in Chapter of the thesis, six training management measures of local universities have been proposed to meet the human resource requirements of industrial zones in the North Central region To confirm the correctness of the proposed measures, the author of the thesis has conducted a test of the necessity and feasibility of the measures The author conducted a survey with many other subjects (administrative staff, teachers, students, alumni, corporate managers) At the same time, piloting the measure "Measures to manage the cooperation between local universities and enterprises in human resource training" at Hong Duc University is an essential measure in the management and training of human resources to meet the requirements of industrial zones, the test results have proved the correctness of the measure and opened up a management direction for management activities Training of local universities to meet the requirements of the undergraduate level human resources for the development of industrial zones, contributing to improving the quality of human resources, accelerating the speed of industrialization and modernization of localities and North Central region 21 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS Conclusion The thesis has reviewed the training and training management of local universities to meet the human resource requirements of the North Central industrial zones At the same time, the thesis has built a theoretical framework on training management of local universities to meet the human resource requirements of the North Central industrial zones The reality of training and training management of local universities to meet the human resource requirements of the North Central industrial zones has not followed a cycle, applying modern methods The main reason for this situation is that the training management of the schools has not kept up with the innovative way in training Therefore, for local universities to have a suitable model in training management to meet the requirements of industrial zones, it is necessary to have appropriate and feasible measures Based on theory and practice, the thesis has focused on proposing eight training management measures of local universities to meet the human resource requirements of industrial parks in accordance with the conditions of universities and socioeconomic development and human resource needs of the North Central region To confirm the correctness of the proposed measures, the author of the thesis surveyed to collect opinions of managers, teachers, students, graduates, and business managers about the necessity and feasibility of proposed measures After conducting a trial of a measure at Hong Duc University, the experimental results show that the proposed measure is feasible and highly effective, if applied to the practice of training management of schools, it will contribute to improving the quality of training to meet the requirements of human resources for industrial zones in particular and the labour market in general Thus, the research tasks of the thesis have been completed, and the scientific hypothesis has been proven 22 Recommendations 2.1 The Ministry of Education and Training The Ministry of Education and Training studies and promulgates state management documents that are suitable for the characteristics of local universities, especially on the training management model of local universities to meet the requirements of human resources at the undergraduate level to serve the development of industrial zones Enhance autonomy and higher social responsibility for training institutions so that schools can be more dynamic and creative in innovation management to adapt quickly and flexibly in training, which can meet required human resources of the labour market, which are constantly changing in the market mechanism 2.2 For People's Committees of provinces and cities Based on the socio-economic development conditions of the locality, forecasting the demand for human resources in the future professions, training development orientation associated with industrial zones Building up mechanisms to support the implementation of the link between the universities and enterprises in training highly qualified human resources; regulations on the responsibility of enterprises when receiving trained workers, regulations on the use of trained workers In addition, encourage enterprises and social organizations to participate in human resource development activities Directing well implementation of vocational education activities for high school students 2.3 For business employers Changing awareness about training and using trained human resources Considering the link between the universities and the enterprise in human resource training as a task to be performed is the future development of enterprises Develop a strategic plan for human resource development in line with the business development strategy To be responsible for contributing to the fund to support training, providing information on the demand for labour and the quality of human resources for the training institutions 23 2.4 For local universities Actively establish relationships with enterprises, train human resources in accordance with the requirements of employers Actively investigate the enterprise's labour demand Work with schools and stakeholders to provide career guidance for high school students Coordinate with enterprises in the training process (build capacity profiles, output standards, purposes, contents of training programs, guide for students to practice, etc.) 24 LIST OF PUBLIC SCIENTIFIC WORKS Le Minh Hien (2015), "Strengthening counseling and job introduction for students of Hong Duc University", Education Magazine, special issue of July 2015 Le Minh Hien (2015), "Training highly qualified human resources of Hong Duc University to meet the labor needs of economic and industrial zones of Thanh Hoa province", Education Magazine, special issue July 2015 Le Minh Hien, Le Van Truong (2015), "Some issues of local university management in the new context" Education Journal, No 363, 1st term, August 2015 Le Minh Hien (2015), "Needs for human resources in economic zones and industrial zones in Thanh Hoa province until 2020", Education equipment magazine, July 2015 issue Member of the Provincial Project "Scientific arguments for adjusting, supplementing and perfecting Hong Duc University's development strategy to 2020 and vision to 2030" Chairman Assoc Prof Dr Le Van Truong (Acceptance in November 2015, excellent rating) Participant in Provincial Project "Research on building university training programs based on output standards in Civil Engineering and Information Technology at Hong Duc University", Chairman Assoc Dr Nguyen Manh An (acceptance test in November 2017, excellent rating) Bosma Roel H, Le Dinh Phung, Le Minh Hien, Le Van An, Ngo The An, Tran Thi Minh Hang, Pham Hong Son, Wals Arjen (2016), "Making Agriculture Curricula competence-oriented while inserting issues on gender and Climate Change at Vietnamese University", Proceedings of NICHE-ACCCU final symposium, Education and researh in southeast Asia for climate change response, Hanoi, 24-26 August, 2016 Bau V Le, Hien M Le & Giang P.A (2016), "Implementing the Credit-Based Educaction Mode in Vietnamese Universities", Tropicultura Open Access ISSN 07713312 eISSN 2295-8010, 2016 vol.34 no special Le Minh Hien (2021), "The reality of training management in local universities to meet the human resource needs of industrial zones", Education Magazine, special issue, April 2021, p 130-134 10 Le Minh Hien (2021), "The reality of the connection between local universities and enterprises in training human resources for the development of the North Central industrial zone", Education Magazine, No 503 (1st term) June, 2021, p 53-57