Quản lý nhà về giáo dục đại học trong điều kiện xã hội hóa dịch vụ công.Quản lý nhà về giáo dục đại học trong điều kiện xã hội hóa dịch vụ công.Quản lý nhà về giáo dục đại học trong điều kiện xã hội hóa dịch vụ công.Quản lý nhà về giáo dục đại học trong điều kiện xã hội hóa dịch vụ công.Quản lý nhà về giáo dục đại học trong điều kiện xã hội hóa dịch vụ công.Quản lý nhà về giáo dục đại học trong điều kiện xã hội hóa dịch vụ công.Quản lý nhà về giáo dục đại học trong điều kiện xã hội hóa dịch vụ công.Quản lý nhà về giáo dục đại học trong điều kiện xã hội hóa dịch vụ công.Quản lý nhà về giáo dục đại học trong điều kiện xã hội hóa dịch vụ công.Quản lý nhà về giáo dục đại học trong điều kiện xã hội hóa dịch vụ công.Quản lý nhà về giáo dục đại học trong điều kiện xã hội hóa dịch vụ công.Quản lý nhà về giáo dục đại học trong điều kiện xã hội hóa dịch vụ công.Quản lý nhà về giáo dục đại học trong điều kiện xã hội hóa dịch vụ công.Quản lý nhà về giáo dục đại học trong điều kiện xã hội hóa dịch vụ công.Quản lý nhà về giáo dục đại học trong điều kiện xã hội hóa dịch vụ công.Quản lý nhà về giáo dục đại học trong điều kiện xã hội hóa dịch vụ công.MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION NGUYEN QUANG SANG STATE MANAGEMENT OF UNIVERSAL EDUCATION IN SOCIALIZATION OF PUBLIC SERVICES Spec.
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS AND TRAINING NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION NGUYEN QUANG SANG STATE MANAGEMENT OF UNIVERSAL EDUCATION IN SOCIALIZATION OF PUBLIC SERVICES Specialization: Public Management Code: 9340403 THESIS SUMMARY HA NOI, 2023 The work was completed at: Hanoi National Academy of Public Administration Science instructor: PROF DR Nguyen Huu Khien ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DR Truong Quoc Chinh Review : 1: …………………………………………………………… Review : 2: …………………………………………………………… Review : 3: …………………………………………………………… The thesis will be defended before the Academy Thesis Evaluation Council Location: Doctoral thesis defense room - Meeting room House ……, National Academy of Public Administration, No 77 Nguyen Chi Thanh Street - Dong Da District - Hanoi Time: at ………… hour … day … month … Year ……… The thesis can be found at the National Library of Vietnam or the library of the National Academy of Public Administration HA NOI - 2023 HEADING 1.Reason for choosing the topic The research topic was chosen for the following reasons: First: The role of higher education in development in the current context The world is entering a society where the role of knowledge is more important than ever Therefore, the role of higher education is more concerned than any other system in society Higher education has always played an important role in training high-quality human resources with good moral character, good expertise, sensitivity, and creativity, capable of keeping up with the pace of society integration and development of the world, thereby contributing to the development of the national economy The role of higher education becomes even more important in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, which is having great impacts on all countries and peoples For developing countries like Vietnam, higher education is playing a key role, pulling the whole train of education, economy and culture of the country into international economic integration actively On the other hand, only higher education can make a real contribution and quickly shorten the lagging gap between Vietnam and developed countries Therefore, the State always determines that investment in education should be paid attention to and the top priority is education and training, which is considered a decisive factor for the success or failure of the nation This is also clearly reflected in the Education Law 2019 "Education and training is the leading national policy, the cause of the State and the whole people" Second: Derived from the requirement of fundamental and comprehensive innovation in higher education The fundamental and comprehensive reform of education, training, and human resource development has been affirmed in Party documents, especially in Resolution No determined that this is not only the leading national policy, the "key" to open the way to move the country forward, but also the "command" of life In the Document of the Party Congress, which always inherits the guiding views of the previous term, our Party sets out a policy of fundamental and comprehensive reform in education, training and human resource development, identifying this as a strategic plan , the leading national policy, the focal point of development, breakthrough, opening the way to develop human resources in Vietnam in the 21st century, affirming the new philosophy of life of the country's education "teaching people" , teaching literacy, vocational training" Why is it important to fundamentally and comprehensively renew education, training and human resource development? The Party's documents clearly show that the quality and effectiveness of education and training are still low compared to the requirements, especially in higher education and vocational education The education and training system lacks linkage between education and training levels and modes; Heavy on theory, light on practice Training is not linked with scientific research, production and business and the needs of the labor market; pay due attention to moral education, lifestyle and work skills The quality of higher education has not yet reached the advanced level in the region and the world, on the other hand, has not yet met the professions in society; The effectiveness of educational activities is not high The rate of trained workers is still low: there are still many pupils and students who not have jobs after graduation; Therefore, innovating higher education in new conditions is an indispensable requirement to build an effective higher education, bringing Vietnamese education closer to the education in the region and the world Third, the socialization of public services poses many new problems for the state management of higher education that need to be solved Socialization is the process of mobilizing and organizing the wide and active participation of people and organizations in public service provision on the basis of promoting the creativity and ability of each person to contribute to the public service basis for strengthening the role of the state Socialization is a right policy of our Party and State to improve the efficiency of public service delivery because from the fact that there are many public organizations operating inefficiently, causing losses to society and waste budgetary resources contributed by the people The participation of many actors in public service delivery, including higher education, has raised many issues that the State needs to solve: how to improve the quality of public services without reducing the role of the government macro management role of the State; Fourth, the practice of state management of higher education in the context of socialization of public services is still inadequate In recent years, management activities for higher education have been gradually improved Management thinking for higher education has been renewed in the direction of quality management with specific steps and in line with practical requirements The environment for the system of public and non-public higher education institutions to operate has been formed and gradually brought into full play; The autonomy of schools is extended and guaranteed; The financial and physical management institutions of higher education institutions have also been completed to ensure the necessary conditions for the quality of higher education Multichannelizing the system of providing and diversifying funding levels for higher education resources; encouraging foreign investment in higher education; value and attract investment resources from outside However, management activities for higher education higher education in the context of socialization still reveal many limitations and shortcomings such as: The legal framework for decentralization of management has not been completed yet higher education department; The institution of higher education management has been slowly reformed and still focuses heavily on the administrative management of higher education institutions; The institutional system of higher education management is still lacking in synchronization and system; The higher education development policy has been targeted but has not been shown to be effective and realistic The tools of financial policy and investment policy for higher education have not been brought into play; Failing to mobilize and effectively use social resources for the development of higher education; Ensuring equity between public and non-public universities is still a big question mark in state management; Institutions and policies on tuition, fees and scholarships have not really ensured fairness in higher education regarding the rights and obligations of students; The mechanism of inspection, supervision and handling of violations of the law on higher education activities has not been effectively implemented Therefore, the graduate student chooses "State management of higher education in the context of socialization of public services" as the topic of doctoral thesis research Research purposes and tasks 2.1 Research purposes The study aims to systematize the theory of socialization of public services and state management of higher education in the context of socialization of public services, on that basis to analyze and evaluate the current situation and propose solutions method of improving state management of higher education in the current conditions of socialization of public services in VN 2.2 Research mission To accomplish the above purpose, the thesis sets out the following tasks: - Synthesize and analyze documents to build an overview of the research situation related to the thesis topic to prove the novelty and non-duplication of the thesis - Explain and systematize basic theoretical contents related to public services, socialization of public services and state management of higher education in the context of socialization - Investigate, survey, analyze and evaluate the state management of higher education when socializing public services Identify the advantages, limitations and causes of the state management of higher education in the context of socialization of public services - Synthesize research results from the current situation survey, thereby proposing solutions to improve state management of higher education in the context of socialization of public services in Vietnam Objects and scope of research 3.1 Research subjects The research object of the thesis is the contents of state management of higher education in the context of socialization of public services 3.2 Research scope Regarding the content: study the contents of state management of higher education when socializing higher education: institutions, management apparatus, resources for higher education and inspection and supervision of activities higher education activities, higher education quality accreditation About space: The thesis studies the management of higher education in the conditions of socialization in Vietnam (excluding schools in the armed forces) In terms of time, from 2012 to 2021, since the Law on Higher Education was promulgated The proposed solution milestone is from now to 2025 Methodology and research methods 4.1 Methodology To interpret the theory of state management of higher education in relation to the conditions of socialization, the thesis uses the dialectical and historical materialism methodology of MarxismLeninism; at the same time, based on Ho Chi Minh's theory and thought and the Party's line of sight, the State's policy on education to view the objective assessment and orientation of the research contents 4.2 Research Methods During the research process, the author used the following specific methods: - Theoretical research method: used to collect secondary information for theoretical research through documents on management for higher education on socialization On the basis of collected documents, the thesis proposes the concept of higher education management in the conditions of socialization, the basic contents of higher education management from the socialization conditions, the individual Influential factors and tools used in higher education management - Descriptive statistical method: is used to study documents, learn about previous research works of related domestic and foreign authors, find out research gaps to orient for the research topic Research and analyze the current situation, causes and factors affecting higher education management in the context of socialization of public services in Vietnam in the past time as a basis for proposing solutions to strengthen the management of higher education for higher education in our country - Method of analysis and synthesis of evaluation: Used to study documents related to the thesis through dividing the contents into parts, aspects and constituent elements to discover trends direction and thesis in the research, and at the same time, systematically arrange the research contents to refine the data and draw logical inferences that are closely related to the object and research objectives of the thesis - Sociological investigation method: PhD student builds a questionnaire with 240 votes focusing on the contents of state management of higher education, the policy of educational socialization Respondents to the questionnaire were education administrators at the Ministry of Education, higher education management agencies, and lecturers at public and non-public universities Conduct research student research using google forms software to send and collect survey results Survey results 208/240 votes, specifically for each object: State management staff in education: 35 votes; State management agencies on higher education: 73 votes; Lecturers at public and non-public universities: 100 votes After collecting data, PhD students use SPSS software to process specific data for each subject Specific results are presented by the student in Chapter III of the thesis Besides, the thesis uses a number of other methods: mathematical statistical methods and using computer software to process research results; modeling, diagramming, graphing research results Hypotheses and research questions 5.1 Research question - What are the contents of state management of higher education in the context of socialization of public services? - To mobilize resources for higher education development, what policies should the state issue? - How is the state management of higher education in the context of socialization of public services in Vietnam today? - How should the state management of higher education in the context of socialization of public services be improved to suit Vietnam's conditions? 5.2 Research hypothesis The research thesis is based on the hypothesis that the socialization of public services changes the context and role of state management in higher education from the exclusive existence of the public higher education system to the birth of the public higher education system and the development of the non-public higher education system and the participation of all social sectors in educational activities State management of higher education will change in the direction from the State monopolizing the management of higher education, managing according to the centralized bureaucratic subsidy mechanism, deeply intervening in the internal affairs of universities, to the promulgation of laws and regulations institutionalize creating an equal environment for higher education between public and non-public, promoting the autonomy of higher education institutions; mobilize resources for higher education and strictly control the quality of higher education in order to meet the needs of higher education development in the context of socialization of public services New contributions of the thesis 6.1 About the theory - On the basis of theoretical and practical research and a systematic, scientific approach, the thesis has contributed to clarifying and adding to the system of theoretical foundations on state management of education higher education in the conditions of socialization, specifically as follows: the thesis has proposed the concept of state management for higher education in the conditions of socialization, pointed out the basic contents of State management of higher education in the conditions of socialization Analysis of factors affecting state management of higher education in socialization conditions - Based on the results of practical research and the views, ideas and policies on higher education development of the Party and the State, the thesis has proposed solutions to improve the state management of higher education study in the conditions of socialization of public services in order to provide a scientific basis for policy making for the development of higher education in accordance with the policy of fundamental and comprehensive reform of higher education and development trends development of higher education in the world 6.2 About practice The thesis has synthesized, compared and evaluated the reality of state management activities in higher education before and after socialization to clarify the advantages, limitations, inadequacies and identify the causes On the basis of the status quo of higher education management, at the same time, on the basis of selective experience in some countries, the author has proposed groups of solutions to improve the state management of higher education in the context of conditions socialization: institutions, apparatus building, on socialization of education, and other policies aimed at developing higher education in the current period Meaning of Thesis - The thesis has clarified and deepened the theory and practice of state management of higher education in the context of socialization of public services in Vietnam; on the basis of synthesis and systematization of legal documents on socialization, on state management of higher education and actual research data, the thesis shows a picture of the current status of advantages and disadvantages and limitations and inadequacies of current higher education management activities, pointing out the causes to propose solutions; will play an important role in the process of formulating and implementing policies in the coming period that are more reasonable in order to promote the development of higher education in the context of socialization, improve the quality of training, and contribute to the development of the workforce high-quality human resources for the cause of industrialization, modernization and international integration - The research results of the thesis can serve as a reference for policy makers to develop and implement the policy of socialization of education in general and higher education in particular of the Vietnamese Party and State in particular South in the current period Moreover, the theoretical and practical system of the thesis is also of practical significance in the current study of teaching state management topics in education Structure of Thesis In addition to the Introduction, conclusion, list of references and appendices The thesis is structured into chapters: Chapter 1: Overview of the research situation Chapter 2: Scientific basis for state management of higher education in the context of socialization of public services Chapter 3: State management of higher education in the context of socialization of public services in Vietnam Chapter 4: Orientations and solutions to improve state management of higher education in the context of socialization of public services CHAPTER I RESEARCH SITUATION OVERVIEW 1.1 RESEARCH WORKS ON SOCIALIZATION OF PUBLIC SERVICES 1.1.1 Projects abroad 1.1.2 Domestic projects 1.2 RESEARCH PROJECTS ON STATE MANAGEMENT OF UNIVERSAL EDUCATION IN THE SOCIALIZATION OF PUBLIC SERVICES 1.2.1 Projects abroad 1.2.2 Domestic projects 1.3 SOME COMMENTS AND GAAP NEED FOR CONTINUED RESEARCH Studies have focused on the following aspects: Firstly, about the socialization of public services, including the socialization of higher education, the authors have generalized the trend as well as the implementation method In Vietnam, the viewpoint and policy of the Party and the State are to encourage the development of socialization Second, on state management of higher education in the context of socialization The works have also studied the management of education, including higher education However, there have not been any specific studies on the state management of higher education in the context of socialization of public services such as the promulgation of institutions, building of the state management apparatus of higher education, accreditation quality, inspection, etc Moreover, researches on higher education management in our country in recent years have been mainly carried out either with public universities or non-public universities Third, about the role of the state in the management of higher education when socializing The works mentioned the management role of the state, however, in the context of socialization, the above works have not clearly indicated the specific role of ensuring fairness in participation in higher education activities both private and public schools Especially in the new context, the participation of all social sectors in the development of higher education is very necessary to reduce the burden on the state At this time, the State is the subject that creates the most favorable conditions for the participants This is the point that the author of the thesis aims to solve Fourth, on the content of state management of higher education in the context of socialization The above works have analyzed and assessed the current state of state management, but with higher education especially in the context of socialization, none of the previous works have analyzed, evaluated and compared state management before and after socialization Thus, the above studies have not studied deeply: in the context of socialization of public services, the state must manage higher education to meet the requirements and mobilize resources Social 2.2.3.3 Mobilizing, managing and using resources to develop higher education 2.2.3.4 Accreditation of higher education quality 2.2.3.5 Inspect, examine and handle violations of the law on higher education 2.2.3.6 Managing international cooperation in higher education 2.3 FACTORS AFFECTING STATE MANAGEMENT OF UNIVERSAL EDUCATION IN THE CONDITION OF SOCIALIZING PUBLIC SERVICES 2.3.1 Political factors 2.3.2 Law system 2.3.3 Competence of the contingent of cadres and civil servants 2.3.4 Financial resources and facilities 2.3.5 Communication and information technology 2.3.6 International integration and globalization 2.4 INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN STATE MANAGEMENT OF UNIVERSAL EDUCATION AND LESSONS FOR VIETNAM 2.4.1 Experience in state management of higher education in the context of socialization of public services in some countries 2.4.1.1 Experience in building a state management model for higher education 2.4.1.2 About financial mobilization policy 2.4.1.3 Regarding the policy to ensure autonomy in the implementation of training management activities 2.4.1.4 Experience in higher education quality accreditation 2.4.2 Lessons learned for Vietnam First, the state management of the higher education system needs a shift from quality management from mere administrative management to supervision and creating conditions for development Second, expand the autonomy of higher education institutions Third, apply financial investment policy for HE according to the model of “cost sharing” Fourth, build a system of independent higher education quality accreditation organizations CHAPTER III THE SITUATION OF STATE MANAGEMENT ON UNIVERSITY EDUCATION IN SOCIALIZATION OF PUBLIC SERVICES IN VIETNAM 3.1 THE PROCESS OF FORMULATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY EDUCATION SYSTEM IN VIETNAM 3.1.1 About the network 12 The total number of universities in the 2014-2015 school year is 219, of which: 159 public universities, accounting for 72.6%, and 60 non-public schools, accounting for 27.4% In the academic year 2019-2020, the total number of universities is 237, an increase of 18 schools compared to the 2014-2015 school year (equal to 1.1 times), of which: 172 public universities, an increase of 13 schools (1.1 times) accounting for 72.6 % of non-public schools are 65 schools, an increase of schools (1.1 times) accounting for 27.4% Higher education institutions are widely distributed throughout the country However, by region, the distribution of higher education institutions is still concentrated mainly in the Red River Delta (40.5%), then the Southeast (24.7%) region The fewest higher education institutions are the Central Highlands (2.1%) 3.1.2 About the scale The total number of university students in the 2014-2015 school year is 1,824,328 students, of which 1,596,754 are public students, accounting for 87.5%, and 227,574 are non-public students, accounting for 12.5% Academic year 2019-2020 the total number of undergraduate students is 1,672,881 3.1.3 About the lecturer The total number of university lecturers in the academic year 2014-2015 is 65,664, of which 52,689 are public, accounting for 80.2%, and 12,975 are non-public, accounting for 19.8% In the academic year 2019-2020, the total number of university lecturers is 85,091 people, an increase of 19,427 people compared to the 2014-2015 school year (equivalent to 1.27 times), of which: 65,498 people, an increase of 12,809 people (an increase of 1.3 times), accounting for 77.5 %, non-public was 19,143 people, an increase of 6,168 people (up 1.45 times), accounting for 22.5% 3.2 ANALYSIS OF THE STATUS OF STATE MANAGEMENT ON UNIVERSITY EDUCATION IN SOCIALIZATION OF PUBLIC SERVICES 3.2.1 Promulgating and organizing the implementation of legal documents and policies on higher education 3.2.1.1 Promulgating and organizing the implementation of legal documents In terms of socialization, the promulgation of a system of legal documents is aimed at the following objectives: socialization of higher education; creating an environment for public and nonpublic higher education institutions to develop favorably and equally; Create conditions for higher education institutions to well exploit opportunities from the market and existing resources; Achieve the objectives of higher education; Quality assurance of higher education, 3.2.1.2 On promulgating and implementing policies on higher education On the basis of the promulgated legal framework, the state's policies on higher education development were promulgated and organized to focus on the objectives for higher education development in the context of socialization: the policy of diversifying the higher education system; 13 policies to ensure the quality of higher education; policies on development of higher education programs; Autonomy and self-responsibility policy of higher education institutions - Regarding the policy of diversification of the higher education system, the highest rating is given Implement the goal of fundamentally innovating training instruments, on the basis of the promulgated legal framework on diversifying the higher education system and developing non-public schools - Regarding the policy of financial autonomy and social responsibility: The policy of promoting autonomy for higher education institutions is highly appreciated, which shows that the financial management mechanism for higher education Education in Vietnam has had many innovations to suit development requirements - Regarding program development policy and quality assurance The Law on Higher Education has included provisions to strictly monitor the quality of training during the time students study at the school with many strict criteria 3.2.2.Organization of the state management apparatus for higher education Currently, we have built a fairly complete state management apparatus for higher education from the central to local levels as defined in Article 69 of the 2018 Law on Higher Education Amendments The system of hierarchy is clearly defined clearly from the central to the local, creating conditions for local authorities to be more proactive in formulating strategies and planning for higher education development in the locality In addition, the capacity of managers and organizational structure is also assessed as good or better However, the degree of specialization in higher education management has not been appreciated, decision-making authority in the Vietnamese higher education system is quite widely dispersed, and as a result, the management of the system is very thin fragile 3.2.3 Mobilizing, managing and using resources to develop higher education 3.2.3.1 Managing and mobilizing financial resources a) Mobilizing and managing resources from the state budget About tax policy Typical tax policies such as: Import tax exemption for imported goods is: documents, books, magazines, textbooks, etc used for teaching and research; No VAT on higher education inputs being books, magazines, specialized newsletters paid from the state budget About the state budget spending policy The Party and State have always affirmed: “The State plays the leading role in funding investment in education, investing in a focus, not spread out Diversify educational investment sources in accordance with the socialist-oriented market mechanism “The State gives top priority to allocating the education budget, ensuring that the state budget spent on education and training is at least 20% of the total state budget expenditure” (Article 96 Education Law 2019); “Increasing the state budget to invest in higher education; 14 make key investments to form a number of high-quality higher education institutions.” (Article 12 of the Law on Higher Education (amended 2018) In recent years, financial sources from the state budget have always accounted for a large proportion of the financial structure of quality universities in Vietnam (about 30%-40% of the total annual revenue of elite universities) About the state credit policy For many years, the State's credit policy for higher education has been still modest, according to the survey results of the author, this policy is 3.0 points Credit policy is implemented by Vietnam Development Bank and VBSP b) Mobilizing and managing resources outside the state budget About tuition fees Currently, the collection of tuition fees is carried out in accordance with Decree No 86/2015/ND-CP dated October 2, 2015 stipulating the mechanism of collection and management of tuition fees for educational institutions under the national and government education systems books on tuition fee exemption and reduction, support for study expenses from the 2015-2016 school year to the 2020-2021 school year Scientific and technological activities, production, business and services At university training institutions with scientific reputation and large scale, the establishment of science and technology, production, business and service organizations is common Most multidisciplinary and largescale higher education institutions have many affiliated institutes and centers About sponsorship, aid and donation activities The mobilization of ODA capital has been carried out quite early, from the early 90s to the present, in the period 2011-2016, the Ministry of Education and Training directed the implementation of 16 projects using ODA loans and preferential loans from preschool level young to higher education level As of 2018, the Ministry of Education and Training has QL10 programs and projects to be implemented in the period 2015-2020 Regarding donation, like many Asian countries, donation to higher education is not popular in Vietnam In addition, the mobilization of non-financial resources was also implemented and brought about important results: Linking the activities of training institutions with research institutes; Linking activities of training institutions with employers; Strengthening the role of learners in accrediting and monitoring the activities of higher education institutions; 3.2.3.2 On the management and mobilization of human resources in higher education The policy on attracting and recruiting lecturers, attracting and promoting the role of highly qualified foreign teachers, scientists, successful business managers, etc to work at universities, is meaningful It will be important to bridge the relationship with universities 15 3.2.4 Accreditation of higher education quality Over the years, the quality assurance work has been assessed as suitable for the conditions of socialization By the end of April 30, 2021, the country has 212 programs that meet regional and international accreditation standards Of these, the majority of training programs are accredited and accredited by the ASEAN University Quality Assurance Network (AUN-QA) To date, 07 universities have been externally evaluated and recognized according to the educational institution evaluation standards of the High Council for the Evaluation of Research and Higher Education (HCERES) and AUN-QA Currently, Vietnam has accrediting centers, the establishment of independent testing centers is in line with practical requirements 3.2.5 Inspection and examination for higher education The survey results show that higher education institutions highly appreciate the process and frequency of testing and evaluation for higher education activities in the past time Every year, the Ministry of Education and Training conducts inspection and evaluation of higher education institutions in a number of aspects such as training programs, training quality, financial investment, Currently, the State has built a relatively complete system of inspection agencies, organized from the central to the local level, with educational inspection organizations, the inspection system is built including Over the years, the Education Inspectorate has organized many inspection rounds, many inspection teams focused on a number of contents: regulations on enrollment, examination and issuance of fake and unqualified certificates, certificates, and diplomas enrollment exceeding the approved quota; inspect the implementation of legal regulations for lecturers; 3.2.6 Managing international cooperation in higher education - Regarding joint training activities, by the end of 2021, the whole country has 408 joint training programs with foreign countries in operation If classified by country, the UK is leading in the number of programs associated with Vietnamese schools (101 programs); followed by the US 59 programs; France 53 programs; Australia 37 programs and Korea 27 programs - International cooperation in technology transfer, in 2019, the total number of scientific articles of Vietnam published in prestigious international publications was 12,475 articles, ranking 49th in the world (increasing 2.7 compared to 2015 compared to 2015) times and up ranks), in which universities contribute over 90% of the papers - Regarding investment cooperation in higher education, the Ministry of Education has actively carried out activities to promote foreign cooperation and investment Currently, there are 22 countries and territories with 147 investors participating in direct investment in education and training in Vietnam 3.3 ASSESSMENT OF THE SITUATION OF STATE MANAGEMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY EDUCATION IN THE SOCIAL CONDITION OF PUBLIC SERVICES 16 3.3.1 Result In terms of institutions, comparing the survey results shows that, in the past time, the institutional system of higher education management has been evaluated quite comprehensively and is gradually more suitable to new conditions, from creating an environment for Higher education institutions develop to ensure that schools operate in the most equitable manner The state management apparatus of higher education has been consolidated and perfected, decentralized, decentralized and diversified the management subjects have been built from the central to the local level, empowering the local authorities to take the initiative direction The results of the implementation of policies on mobilizing resources for higher education development show that resources for education development are promoted and financial investment sources diversified for higher education development In general, the policy of mobilizing resources initially reflected the requirements and contents of the Party's policy of educational socialization Objectives, viewpoints and orientations of financial policies to promote higher education development The higher education quality accreditation activities have been implemented seriously and on a comprehensive scale, bringing many positive results, the building of an internal quality assurance system has been approved by higher education institutions interested in implementation In recent years, foreign investment in education has increased rapidly On average, ODA accounts for 5.6 to 6% of the total funding for education and training and there are about 200 cooperation programs and projects with a total budget of more than million USD Vietnam cooperates with 20 international organizations and over 70 NGOs through bilateral cooperation programs on education 3.3.2 Limitations - Regarding the institution of state management of higher education, the legal framework on decentralization of management for higher education institutions has not yet been completed, especially financial and investment management; The institution of state management of higher education has been slowly reformed and still focuses heavily on the administrative management of higher education institutions The higher education development policy has been targeted but has not shown its effectiveness and realism; tools of financial policy and investment policy for higher education have not been brought into play; - Restrictions on the state management apparatus for higher education, the state management apparatus for higher education is still fragmented, and at the same time, there is an overlap between the state management functions and the state management functions public service delivery - Restrictions on policies on mobilizing resources for higher education Financial resources for higher education are limited and have not been diversified Higher education institutions have not been active in revenue sources, mainly relying on the state budget and tuition fees (for public higher education 17 institutions) and tuition fees (for institutions) non-public higher education institutions); revenue from service activities, scientific research and technology transfer is still limited financial mechanism for higher education The implementation of the policy to attract good lecturers is currently facing many difficulties because of a number of barriers - Restrictions on inspection and supervision activities for higher education institutions Education inspection activities not cover all the content of state management of higher education, only focusing on the enrollment stage (enrollment targets, opening majors, organization of exams, marking exams, admission selection), loose output (training programs, processes and methods, quality assurance conditions, ) There is no overall and long-term strategy on the inspection and supervision of higher education activities - On accreditation of higher education quality Although quality assurance activities in the past time have achieved many remarkable achievements, Vietnam does not have a strong enough quality assurance system and mechanism to fulfill the important role of a catalyst important role in ensuring and improving the quality of higher education in Vietnam - On international cooperation in higher education Some educational institutions have not yet fully promoted their capabilities to mobilize well investment resources from foreign organizations and individuals The activities of higher education institutions in Vietnam that offer integrated programs with foreign curricula are also not strictly regulated Some localities have not clearly shown their roles and responsibilities in inspecting and supervising the implementation of activities of Vietnamese higher education institutions that teach foreign programs 3.3.3 Limitation Cause Firstly, the state management of higher education is transitioning to new conditions, the State will be the subject of macro management, creating an environment for training institutions to operate autonomously and the State stands to ensure equity, quality training for public and non-public institutions Second, the goal of socialization is not properly understood, which is to "open the door" of the school to the outside society, creating conditions for building a close relationship between the school and the people, so that the people can well exercise their mastery over education Third, the distinction between state management of education and administrative activities in educational and training institutions is unclear Fourth, the propaganda of guidelines and policies of the Party and State on socialization has not been effective in society, leading to many people not fully understanding this work Fifth, ensuring equity in education has not been effectively implemented 18