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1 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY - DO MINH PHUONG RESEARCH ON TOURISM SUPPLY CHAIN IN THE RED RIVER DELTA AND NORTHEAST COAST VIET NAM Major Code : Business Administration : 9.34.01.21 A SUMMARY OF PHD DISSERTATION IN ECONOMICS Hanoi, 2021 The dissertation was accomplished at Thuongmai University Scientific instructors: Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Viet Thai Assoc Prof Dr Vu Duc Minh The dissertation will be defended to be held in Thuongmai University At , date month year 2021 Search for the dissertation available at: National Library and Thuongmai University’s library INTRODUCTION Rationale - The theories According to Resolution 08 of the Politburo in 2017 on developing tourism into a spearhead economic sector, it is clear that “Tourism is a general economic sector with highly interconnected, regional and socialized characteristics Tourism products use inputs from many different industries and sectors” This show, tourism is seen as a global phenomenon and has received more attention in developing countries and localities Along with that, the needs of tourists have also become more vibrant and diversified, and there is a gradual shift from mass demand to highly personalized demand, making competition in the tourism market more and more intense more and more intense In fact, the world's competitive arena is shifting from the way "business competes with business" to "supply chain competes with supply chain" Therefore, the existence of any business today, no longer depends only on its ability to compete, but on its ability to cooperate and participate in its own supply chain The previously seemingly independent relationship between organizations in the supply chain is changed by the interdependence between the members of the chain Requires seizing and taking advantage of development opportunities by implementing supply chain management It is for this reason that the need for supply chain management has arisen Faced with global competitive pressure, each country, region, locality and business that wants to develop tourism must synchronously solve the problems of resources, transaction costs, business capital, and brand names , marketing to improve market development efforts and compete to attract customers One of the suitable solutions to solve the above problems is to study and improve the performance of the supply chain of tourism services Because, in today's fierce competition, when the needs of tourists are increasing, the ability to replace and supplement tourism products is increasing, the requirements for countries, regions, localities and for each business must constantly develop the ability to provide tourism services, improve the quality of tourism products This also means that countries, regions, localities and businesses must simultaneously invest resources, to improve their competitiveness to attract tourists by improving supply chain operations in the tourism supply chain - a solution that can be assessed as long-term and sustainable Previous studies have only focused on one or a few single factors affecting supply chain performance such as the relationship between members, but lack of integrated research on factors that have an effect impact on supply chain performance in the tourism supply chain In particular, there is a lack of research on factors affecting supply chain performance in the tourism supply chain Therefore, the integrated assessment of factors affecting supply chain performance of the tourism supply chain meets the theoretical requirements - About practice In recent years, Vietnam's tourism industry has made progress and achieved remarkable achievements In 2019, Vietnam welcomed more than 18 million international visitors (up 16.2% compared to 2018), served 85 million domestic visitors, total revenue reached about 720,000 billion VND However, Vietnam's tourism industry in general and tourism in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast in particular still have some limitations related to fragmented development and lack of linkages between businesses industry in the industry From researches on tourism development in the world, it is necessary to have awareness, participation and implementation of activities to link the relationships of supply chain participants such as supply chain suppliers tourism, travel businesses, travel agents so that they can see the importance of each member when joining the chain, the benefits of members when joining the chain and the relationship to the results chain operations.Businesses are always faced with finding new ways to satisfy visitors with fixed administrative costs The competitiveness of a business can be improved through various ways such as improving the quality of products and services; offer promotions and after-sales programs to improve customer satisfaction and satisfaction but these methods are often carried out individually in each business, so the effectiveness is not high One of the effective ways to improve the competitiveness of enterprises in the market is that businesses need to raise awareness of the benefits of participating in the supply chain of the tourism supply chain, jointly improve and enhance their results supply chain performance for customer satisfaction However, practice has proven that the awareness of the importance of participating in the supply chain and improving the results of supply chain operations has not been paid much attention and right awareness by many businesses Therefore, in order to enhance competitive advantage and affirm their position in the market, supply chain participants need to raise awareness and improve supply chain performance in the tourism supply chain of the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast Therefore, this study focuses on researching and analyzing the supply chain of tourism supply chains in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast with the goal of bringing benefits to businesses, improving results supply chain operations in the tourism supply chain in the region In particular, so far, studies related to the tourism supply chain have not been in-depth and clarified, especially in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast of Vietnam Therefore, studying the supply chain of tourism supply chains in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast will meet the requirements in both theory and practice, especially in practice Stemming from the above reasons, the PhD student has chosen the topic "Research on the supply chain of tourism services in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast of Vietnam" to help participants in the supply chain have appropriate solutions to help improve the performance of supply chain tourism supply chains in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast; propose a number of recommendations to tourism managers and policy makers for the development of tourism supply chains in the region, contributing to tourism development in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast in particular and the development of Vietnam's tourism industry in general Research objectives, research missions and questions 2.1 Research objectives, research missions Research objectives of the thesis: The thesis aims to propose some basic solutions and recommendations that are feasible to contribute to improving the performance of the tourism service supply chain in the delta region Red River and Northeast Coast, Vietnam Research missions of the thesis: To solve the proposed research objectives, the thesis needs to perform research tasks: - Research on some basic theoretical issues related to the performance of the supply chain of tourism services - Analyze and evaluate the current situation of tourism service supply chain results in the Red River Delta and Northeast coast, Vietnam - Identify views and propose some key solutions and recommendations to improve the performance of tourism service supply chains in the Red River Delta and Northeast coast, Vietnam in the coming time 2.2 Research questions The research thesis focuses on solving the following research questions: Research question 1: What factors are appropriate to measure the performance of the supply chain in the tourism supply chain? Research Question 2: Which theoretical framework is appropriate to measure supply chain performance in the tourism supply chain? Research Question 3: What factors influence supply chain performance in the tourism supply chain? Research question 4: How does the supply chain of tourism services in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast perform? Research question 5: What are the solutions to improve the performance of the supply chain of tourism services in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast in the coming time? Research subject and scope Thesis research object: Theoretical and practical issues related to the performance of tourism service supply chains in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast Scope of the thesis research: About the content: In this thesis, the PhD student only delves into the supply chain participants and the performance results of the tourism service supply chain (focusing on the group of suppliers in the tourism industry), travel services, tour operators and travel agents - a group of businesses that directly create a package tour) Especially study the factors affecting the performance of the supply chain of tourism services Regarding space: The thesis is limited to the study of tourism businesses of the provinces and cities of Hanoi, Vinh Phuc, Bac Ninh, Hai Duong, Hung Yen, Thai Binh, Ha Nam, Ninh Binh, Nam Dinh, Hai Phong and Quang Ninh About time: The thesis's analytical database is mainly in the period 2015 - 2019 and proposes solutions oriented to 2030 Contributions of the dissertation Scientific significance: The thesis has systematized and supplemented some basic theories about the results of supply chain operations in tourism supply chains in tourist areas In terms of practical significance: The thesis has analyzed and evaluated to highlight the current situation of tourism supply chain operations in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast based on the factors measuring the performance of tourism activities tourism supply chain dynamics in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast through primary and secondary data analysis; propose perspectives and solutions to improve the performance of tourism supply chains in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast by 2025, with a vision to 2030 Organization of the dissertation With the above objectives, objects and research scope, the main content of the thesis, apart from the Introduction and Conclusion, is structured in chapters as follows: Chapter 1: Overview of the research situation and the research gap of the thesis Chapter 2: Theoretical basis and research model of tourism service supply chain performance in tourist areas Chapter 3: Thesis research method Chapter 4: Analysis and assessment of the current situation of tourism service supply chain activities in the Red River Delta and Northeast coast Chapter 5: Some solutions and recommendations to improve the performance of tourism service supply chains in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast Chapter OVERVIEW OF THESIS RESEARCH SITUATION 1.1 Overview of research situation Regarding the research topic of the PhD student, a number of resear ch works have been reviewed: Research related to supply chain managem ent; Research related to supply chain and supply chain management touri sm supply chain; Research related to tourism in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast 1.2 Conclusions drawn from the overview of the research situation an d research gaps The conclusions drawn: (1) Research on the supply chain of the tourism supply chain is divided into two main topics: Building a research model with criteria, evaluation indicators and empirical measures of activities specific supply chain dynamics (2) Although there are many models of performance evaluation of the tourism supply chain supply chain developed by researchers, there is no one model or method that is suitable for all different regions and There is no single set of indicators that can be applied to all regions at all times In addition, studies measuring supply chain performance of tourism supply chains in tourist areas have not been mentioned in the analysis (3) Common limitations of most studies, it is the reliability of the affected model and the unweighted tourism supply chain performance metrics and criteria (4) There have not been many studies looking at all three groups of tourism supply chain suppliers, tour operators and travel agents (5) There are few domestic theoretical studies to study the supply chain of the tourism supply chain In addition, there are also few works that identify research on supply chain activities of the tourism supply chain and measure the results of supply chain activities in the tourism supply chain in analysis and evaluation (6) Studies on the supply chain of the tourism supply chain in a particular locality have also been conducted (7) Several studies on the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast have shown the important role of regional tourism in tourism development in general as well as in the development of tourism supply chains in the region private ; However, it can be seen that there have not been any in-depth studies on the tourism supply chain in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast Thereby, the PhD student has drawn the gaps that need to be further researched: First, research to provide the factors that measure the performance of the supply chain in the tourism supply chain Second, research to provide a research framework with criteria to measure supply chain performance in the tourism supply chain in accordance with the research scope of the topic Third, research to determine the reliability of the scales in the research framework and the degree of impact on the results of supply chain operations in the tourism supply chain of the tourist area Fourth, research to point out the factors affecting the improvement of supply chain performance in the tourism supply chain in the tourist area Chapter THEORETICAL BASIS AND RESEARCH MODEL RESULTS OF TOURISM SUPPLY CHAIN IN TOURISM AREA 2.1 Basic Concepts 2.1.1 The concept and benefits of supply chain management In this part, the thesis focuses on clarifying some related concepts such as: the concept of supply chain, supply chain management and the benefits of supply chain management in tourism services On that basis, the thesis determines to inherit the concept of D Lu (2011) on supply chain and supply chain management to conduct research 2.1.2 An overview of the tourism supply chain In this part, the thesis focuses on clarifying the concept of supply chain tourism supply chain, in which, inheriting the concept of supply chain tourism supply chain of Zhang et al (2009): “Supply chain supply chain” Tourism supply is a network of businesses engaged in activities ranging from providing different components of tourism products/services such as flights and accommodation facilities to involves the distribution and marketing of final tourism products in a particular tourist destination, and involves a wide range of actors in both the private and public sectors” With the travel supply chain, there are many participants in the chain The thesis has identified participants in the supply chain of the tourism supply chain within the scope of the thesis: supply chain supplier Tour operator Travel agent Figure 2.2 The scope of the supply chain of the tourism supply chain in the thesis Source: Author's compilation From a combination of both demand-side and supply-side perspectives, the tourism supply chain has three main flows: physical flow (Zhang et al., 2009), information flow (Bigné et al., 2009) events, 2008) and customer flows (Djordevic and Arsić, 2010; Fawcett, 2000) From there, the thesis determines the relationship between the members in the research scope of the thesis, including the relationship between travel businesses and tourism supply chain suppliers and travel agents Specifically: supply chain supplier supplier’s Relationship with supplier Another Tour operator Relation same sector Tour operator Relationship with Travel agent Travel agent Tourists interdisciplinary destinations supplier’s Tour operator’s supply chain 10 Figure 2.4: Supply chain model of tour operators in the tourism supply chain Source: Author's compilation 2.2 Theory of tourism supply chain performance 2.2.1 The nature of tourism supply chain performance In this part, the thesis focuses on analyzing and clarifying the nature of supply chain performance results in the tourism supply chain In particular, the outcome nature of supply chain activities is understood as "the outcome of the overall activities of the organization determined based on a system of performance indicators combined with decisions and objectives This system allows enterprises to understand the current operating situation and have directions for future activities” (Warren H Hausman, 2004) Therefore, in order to have good competitiveness, the supply chain needs to improve and enhance its performance continuously To achieve this, businesses need chain performance metrics Therefore, within the scope of this thesis research, the author only focuses on analyzing the participants in the supply chain of the tourism supply chain (tourist supply chain suppliers, tour operators and travel agents) Practices and clarifying the factors that measure and influence supply chain performance in the tourism supply chain for the purpose of improving supply chain performance in the tourism supply chain 2.2.2 Factors measuring of tourism supply chain performance Measuring supply chain performance can be seen as an approach to evaluating the performance of a supply chain system Supply chain performance measurement is described as the overall set of factors used to quantify performance (Asawin Pasutham, 2012) And according to Sink and Tuttle (1989), “you cannot manage and develop what you cannot measure” In this section, the author has analyzed the researches on the performance of the supply chain of the tourism supply chain, thereby based on the number of occurrences of each factor in the studies, combining with expert opinion The author of the thesis inherits and expects that the research model to measure supply chain performance will include factors: (1) Satisfaction and (2) Finance In which, from the research works of the authors, based on the overview documents and the opinions of experts, with the approach of the thesis to consider customer satisfaction from the perspective of businesses The author of 14 First, detail the study design and indicate the research process and how to conduct the research Second, quantitative research takes the following steps: building a questionnaire, determining a research sample and building a scale Specifically: * The questionnaire was built: - Based on theoretical overview, the thesis defines the content of concepts: supply chain configuration, supply chain relations, supply chain coordination, satisfaction and finance as well as supply chain performance results response Some variables already have a scale available, inherited by the thesis author and adjusted according to expert opinion accordingly - Build the Vietnamese version of the questionnaire by translating the scales from English to Vietnamese Then, re-translate the Vietnamese version into English to compare and edit the Vietnamese version to ensure that the language conversion is correct, clear, coherent and does not significantly change the meaning of the scale measure - Qualitative research is carried out through in-depth interviews with 10 subjects who are experts and managers of tourism businesses in order to standardize terms, adjust observed variables in the scale to suit the context of tourism context and conditions in Vietnam, in particular, participants in the supply chain of tourism supply chains in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast - After adjusting the scales, the thesis builds a preliminary questionnaire to conduct preliminary research through quantitative research With preliminary quantitative research confirming the reliability, the scale set includes dependent variable, independent variables and 23 observed variables that are reliable enough to be included in the official research - After conducting preliminary research, the author completes the official questionnaire to conduct quantitative research * Research sample: - The qualitative research sample (in-depth interview) was selected including 10 people (7 experts in the field of tourism and supply chain; managers in tourism businesses - Preliminary research sample (preliminary quantitative study) was selected including 80 enterprises that are tourism supply chain suppliers, travel agencies and travel agents in the Red River Delta and Duyen North East Sea The survey was conducted from May to July 2019 The author 15 of the thesis sent a preliminary questionnaire to the subjects, after processing the survey, there were 50 suitable questionnaires The test results confirm that independent variable, dependent variables with 23 observed variables are eligible to conduct formal quantitative research - Formal research sample: The overall research of the thesis is all tourism supply chain providers (accommodation service providers, transportation service providers, service providers, etc.) entertainment), tour operators and travel agents in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast However, a comprehensive study is not possible (Nguyen Van Cao Tran Thai Ninh, 2009) Therefore, the study uses a random sample to investigate In which, the minimum sample principle is ensured for reliable research In this study, there are 23 observed variables to measure, of which there are observed variables measuring supply chain configuration, observed variables measuring supply chain relationships, observed variables measuring chain coordination supply, observed variables measuring financial and observed variables measuring satisfaction For the thesis "research on the tourism supply chain in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast", based on the rules of Comrey and Lee (1992), the author chooses a total sample size of 650 Vouchers are distributed to candidates: tourism supply chain suppliers, travel businesses, water travel agents in the region, broadcast directly to members during the period from 1/7/ 2019 to November 1, 2019 The number of votes received and answered was 368 votes, reaching the rate of 55.61% After the process of checking and cleaning the data, the remaining 350 valid votes reached 95.1% of the collected votes * Build scale: The scales are synthesized from the studies: Zhang et al (2009), Fantazy (2010) and D Lu (2011) and developed through in-depth interviews with 10 experts Specifically: Qualitative research is conducted with the identification of interview objectives and in-depth interview method Moreover, after conducting qualitative research, the thesis author calibrates and reencodes the scale to suit the research - Qualitative research process: Overview Develop outlines for in-depth interviews Identify withthe experts metrics andand conduct factors Synthesize interviews that influence and define supply a research chain performance framework Supply chain perform 16 Figure 3.1.Qualitative research process Source: Author's compilation - Subject of in-depth interview The author has conducted in-depth interviews with 10 experts who are experts, divided into groups including group (7 experts in the field of tourism and supply chain) and group (3 managers in some enterprises) tourism industry) Some of the interviewees were selected by the author, such as travel businesses, hotel businesses, and air transportation businesses The criteria of the subjects in terms of education level, working experience in the tourism industry, title (working position) - Conducting interviews: Interviews were conducted at the interviewee's workplace Each interview takes about 60-90 minutes, the content revolves around the questions mentioned in the questionnaire The content of the interview was recorded, stored and coded in the computer The interview content will be removed according to the personal opinions of each interviewee Then, the author will synthesize these opinions into a set of common points of interviewees who have similar thoughts and views Based on the combined results, the author will compare with the original research model to determine the official research model - In summary, the results of in-depth interviews with 10 experts were analyzed and synthesized specifically, including factors: Satisfaction (3 scales) and Finance (6 scales) as a measure of operational results supply chain tourism supply chain; factors: Supply chain configuration (3 scales), Supply chain relations (6 scales) and Supply chain coordination (4 scales) are factors affecting supply chain performance tourism supply; Managers of travel agencies and managers of hotels providing accommodation services, managers of businesses providing travel services and managers of businesses providing entertainment services will be the subject of a questionnaire survey to conduct quantitative research Chapter ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT SI TUATION OF TOURISM SUPPLY CHAIN IN THE RED RIVER A ND NORTH EAST COAST 4.1 Overview of the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast and tourism in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast 17 For the purpose of generalizing the natural, socio-economic characteristics of 11 provinces and cities in the region The thesis has focused on analyzing and clarifying tourism activities in the region from 2015 to 2019 through a number of indicators Total revenue from tourists and the situation of tourists… It can be confirmed that the Red River Delta region and the Northeast Coast is an area with a large population, stable tourism growth and advantages for tourism development, if the operation of the supply chain of the tourism supply chain is positive, it will be a highlight for tourism development tourism development of the region 4.2 Examining the current status of tourism supply chain performance in the Red River Delta and Northeast coast Not through testing the reliability of the scale, analyzing EFA, CFA, SEM1 model, confirming that the research model is considered suitable with market data and all factors have a positive impact on the results supply chain activities in the tourism supply chain in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast of Vietnam, in which the supply chain relationship factor has the strongest impact, followed by supply chain coordination and configuration supply chain Thus, the first three hypotheses are accepted The linear regression equation shows the relationship between the variables in the research model as follows: KQ= 0,3CH+0,4QH+0,39ĐF Besides, through testing the reliability of the scale, analyzing EFA, CFA, SEM2 model, confirming that the research model is considered to be suitable with market data and all factors have a positive impact dimension to the performance of the supply chain of the tourism supply chain in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast of Vietnam, in which the supply chain relationship factor has the strongest impact on Satisfaction; similarly supply chain relations also have the strongest impact on Finance The linear regression equation represents the relationship between the variables in the adjusted model as follows: KQM (Satisfaction) = 0,28.CH+0,43.QH + 0,37.ĐF KQH (Finance) = 01,6.CH+0,39.QH+0,3.ĐF 4.3 Analysis of the current situation of tourism supply chain operations in the Red River Delta and Northeast coast 4.3.1 Situation of travel service providers, tour operators and travel agents in the Red River Delta and Northeast coast In this part, the thesis analyzes the current situation of tourism supply chain providers (transportation service providers: road, railway, air and 18 waterway; accommodation service providers; entertainment service providers); analyzing the current situation of travel businesses; travel agents of provinces and cities in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast Thereby, it is possible to see the number, structure and frequency of supply of the members 4.3.2 The current situation of tourism supply chain configuration in the Red River Delta and Northeast coast The current situation of the supply chain configuration of the tourism supply chain in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast is assessed at an average of 2.7895 points In which, the vertical distance (the distance from the first supplier to the last customer) of the supply chain reached the lowest level of 2,7771 points because the market research and marketing activities of enterprises have not been carried out yet really effective, so determining the distance along the chain is still not reasonable, through many intermediaries increasing the cost of the travel supply chain Besides, the selection and association with output distribution units is still simple, not really reasonable and has not created a stable and diversified distribution channel, so the score is 2,7857 The specialization and scale of the chain members reaching 2,857 points is not really reasonable 4.3.3 Current status of tourism supply chain relationships in the Red River Delta and Northeast coast The current state of supply chain relationship in the tourism supply chain was rated at an average of 3,1595 points by the subjects In which, the sharing of information among members of the supply chain is still incomplete and the lowest rating is 3,0800 points Along with that, the sharing of financial information among members of the supply chain is not really accurate and up-to-date, the members rated the lowest score of 3,1029 points The sharing of investment plans among chain members has also not been updated, with an average score of 3,1514 points In addition, the sharing between members in the chain of information on the quantity and price of services is still in the form of a pro forma, not accurate; rated at 3,1714 points Even up to, the sharing of visions and ideas among members is formal, and scored 3,1771 points Sharing the process of introducing new tourism supply chain products among members of the supply chain has not been regularly updated, and the evaluation score reached 3,2743 points 4.3.4 Current status of tourism supply chain coordination in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast 19 The current situation, coordination of the supply chain of physical services in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast is assessed at an average of 3,2357 points In which, the supply chain planning of the tourism supply chain of each member in the chain has not been coordinated accurately and appropriately, reaching the lowest score of 3,2200 points In addition, the supply capacity of the tourism supply chain of enterprises in the supply chain was inadequately coordinated and not really compatible with customer requirements, reaching 3,2314 points Customer service of the business is not really timely and effective, reaching 3,2229 points And the overall performance forecast for all members of the supply chain has not achieved consistency and strategy across the chain, reaching an average score of 3,2686 points 4.3.5 Results of tourism supply chain performance in the Red River Delta and Northeast coast The current status of tourism supply chain performance results in the Red River Delta and North East Coast regions is assessed by businesses through two criteria: satisfaction and finance of chain supply According to the assessment of businesses, they are averagely satisfied with the tourism supply chain in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast today, with the average scores in all criteria solstice From each business itself, they found that the value of services businesses received from chain members was not really high, reaching 2,9800 points Besides, the waiting time for transactions of enterprises between members is not flexible and has not been quickly adapted to the actual needs of the business, so they rate the average score of 3,0400 points The service system also only meets the average needs of each member in the chain and reaches a score of 3,0229 points Supply chain finance of the tourism supply chain in the Red River Delta and North East Coast regions is rated at an average of 3,1729 points by each member of the supply chain For each business, they are always interested in whether they will get more profits than joining the chain or not? And they rated this criterion only with an average of 3,1143 points Reducing the total cost of each member when participating in the supply chain can help businesses increase revenue and profit However, in reality, the criterion of total cost of each member when participating in the supply chain decreases and the total revenue of each member when participating in the supply chain increases, still only reaches the average level with the assessment of enterprises with the respective points of 3.1400 and 3,1200 points respectively Both criteria related to tourism 20 supply chain design costs and distribution costs have an average score of 3.2371 points and 3,2543 points, respectively In general, the financial criteria are only average with the evaluation of the members 4.4 General assessment 4.4.1 Success and causes Firstly, the supply chain of the tourism supply chain is gradually changing and aiming to better meet the increasing requirements of customers (who are members of the chain) Accordingly, the situation of tourism in general and the operation of the supply chain of the tourism supply chain in particular have achieved certain results The performance of the supply chain of the tourism supply chain in the Red River Delta and North East Coast is assessed as average In which, the satisfaction of each member of the chain reached 3,104 points and the financial results of the chain's performance reached 3,1729 points Secondly, the relationship between the members of the chain has a certain degree of relationship In which, the relationship between members reaching the level of sharing information, sharing the process of introducing products, sharing prices of tourism supply chain products is quite frequent and often reaches a relatively high level in the tourism supply chain Chain With the evaluation score of supply chain relationship, enterprises have also assessed an average of 3,1519 points In which, the process of promoting and introducing new products are focused by tourism businesses and is also the most outstanding sharing activity in the supply chain relationship, reaching 3,2743 points In addition, the sharing of visions and ideas among members of the supply chain has also been of interest to businesses and averaged 3,1771 points Thirdly, supply chain coordination has also achieved a certain level of success, with overall performance forecasting for all chain members being seen as a bright spot for coordination With the characteristics of dependence among chain members, joint coordination is a key issue and is concerned by supply chain members and rated at 3,2686 In addition, the supply capacity of each member enterprise was also assessed with a score of 3,2314 Causes: Firstly, in Hanoi, Quang Ninh and Ninh Binh consider tourism as a spearhead economic sector, so there have been quite positive and clear guidelines and policies for tourism development and tourism supply chain development clear Secondly, most of the businesses have a long history of operating in the tourism sector Thirdly, the resource factors for tourism development are increasingly improved, have high 21 quality, special support for tourism development in general and improve the performance of the tourism supply chain such as in Quang Ninh, Ninh Binh, Hanoi, Hai Phong 4.4.2 Limited and causes Firstly, the average supply chain configuration is rated at 2.7895 points In particular, the number and structure of members participating in the supply chain of the tourism supply chain is not really reasonable at all stages, not ensuring good specialization The distance from the first supplier to the final customer is cumbersome and not streamlined The distribution channel of the enterprise is assessed to be inefficient, only at a low average level Second, the relationship of supply chain members has some limitations Sometimes this relationship is just plain simple relationship, following market volatility and low level of information sharing Specifically, with the average value of information sharing among members of the supply chain reaching the lowest score of 3,0800 points Information about the process of introducing new products was evaluated as more implemented, but also did not meet the expectations of customers and still only stopped at an average score of 3,2743 points While, information about prices, ideas or investment plans, businesses are still very limited to share with other members in the chain Thirdly, with the characteristics of the supply chain of the tourism supply chain, which is highly seasonal, the situation is sometimes redundant and sometimes scarce coordination of supply chain activities only achieved an average of 3,2357 points Although the customer service of businesses has improved, it still does not satisfy customers' requirements In addition, supply planning coordination activities to match the supply capacity of each member of the chain to provide services to customers have not been evaluated effectively Fourth, in the many member enterprises participating in the supply chain, it is undeniable that the wallet and the important role of travel businesses However, the role of travel businesses - the focal business is still little attention, and has not really been exploited well As a result, the ability to promote the role of a central business of the travel business has not really been promoted to its full potential Just stopped as a member enterprise, not really outstanding as a focal enterprise with the ability to expect effective chain coordination to achieve good results Causes: 22 a) Subjective reasons: Firstly, some members' understanding of the supply chain is still incomplete and limited Second, some businesses still have shortcomings in business administration Third, some travel businesses are not properly aware of their leading and central role in the supply chain of the tourism supply chain Fourth, the sharing of information among members of the supply chain supply chain Tourism supply is limited b) Objective reasons: Firstly, many unique tourism resources are prominent, of international, national and regional significance, but they are concentrated in a dense density in some tourist centers of the region such as Hanoi, Quang Ninh, Ninh Binh Secondly, supply chain activities of the tourism supply chain are still fragmented with the participation of many components, with many different methods Third, there is not yet a regional tourism coordination board to perform the function of tourism management in tourism Chapter SOME SOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE TOURISM SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE IN THE RED RIVER DELTA AND NORTH EAST COAST 5.1 Orientation and objectives of tourism development in the Red River Delta and Northeast coast Implement the general views of the Strategy and Master Plan for Tourism Development of Vietnam to 2020, with a vision to 2030, and supplement specific development perspectives for the Red River Delta and Coastal Regions The Northeast is as follows: a) Developing tourism in the direction of strengthening linkages, bringing into full play the tourism potentials and strengths of the localities and the region.b) Developing cultural and tourism tourism at the same time eco-tourism, marine tourism in which cultural tourism associated with the Red River civilization values is the foundation for the development of other types of tourism c) Combining tradition and modernity in developing tourism products of the region in order to effectively exploit traditional cultural values associated with the Red River civilization d) Developing regional tourism commensurate with its role as the national focus of tourism development, the focal point for distributing visitors to other regions of the country In addition, specific objectives have been set for the development of tourism industry in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast, which are determined through the criteria of tourists, total revenue from tourists, 23 contribution of tourism in GDP, tourist accommodation and employment in the period 2020 - 2030: + Tourists: By 2025, 8.91 million international tourists and 30.9 million domestic tourists will be welcomed; growth of international tourists 4.6%/year and domestic tourists 3.2%/year In 2030 to welcome 10.59 million international tourists and 36 million domestic tourists; growth of international tourists 3.2%/year and domestic tourists 3.1%/year + Total revenue from tourists and tourism's contribution to GDP: Total revenue: By 2025, it will reach VND 169,330 billion; By 2030, it will reach 217,300 billion VND Tourism's contribution to GDP: reaching VND 84,700 billion in 2020; reaching VND 118,500 billion in 2025 and VND 152,100 billion in 2030 + Tourist accommodation establishments: In 2025, there will be 201,000 hotel rooms, the rate of - star rooms will reach 20%; By 2030, there will be 233,000 hotel rooms, the rate of - star rooms will reach 30% + Terms of employment targets: By 2025, 998,000 employees (of which 298,000 are direct employees); By 2030, the number of employees will be 1,330,000 (of which 392,000 are direct employees) 5.2 Orientations and perspectives to improve the tourism supply chain performance in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast 5.2.1 Orientations to improve the tourism supply chain performance in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast In the Tourism Development Plan of the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast to 2020, orientation to 2030 clearly orients to strengthen cooperation and association in tourism development in association with environmental protection and national defense , security and social order Besides, tourism development in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast by 2020, orientation to 2030 has also set out directions for developing tourism content, mechanisms and policies to develop tourism, develop tourism products, train and develop human resources, and promote tourism and develop tourism brands These are necessary and useful contents for improving supply chain performance in the tourism supply chain 5.2.2 Perspectives to improve the tourism supply chain performance in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast The thesis proposes perspectives to improve the performance of the supply chain of the tourism supply chain in the Red River Delta and 24 Northeast Coast by 2030, which are: efficiency perspective, specialized point of view, and point of view fairness and transparency, view of inheritance and development, view of development integration, view of sustainability: Firstly, improving the performance of tourism supply chain activities in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast must be consistent with the direction and objectives of tourism development in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast Secondly, improving the performance of supply chain activities in the tourism supply chain creates a strong connection, binding both the rights and obligations of members, ensuring that members have trust , respect each other, respect the common commitments set out related to quality, price, supply time in order to maintain and develop the link in the chain Thirdly, improving supply chain performance must ensure that members have support, share benefits and risks, advantages and disadvantages in the supply chain tourism process; thereby ensuring the sustainability of the tourism supply chain Fourthly, improving the results of chain activities must ensure that all strengths are brought into play, fully exploiting the potentials and comparative advantages of localities in the region from tourism resources to infrastructure systems transportation, economic centers Fifth, improving supply chain performance of tourism supply chains in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast must meet the needs and development trends of domestic and foreign tourists , must be able to compete in the market Sixth, improving supply chain performance of tourism supply chains in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast must ensure sustainability 5.3 Solutions and recommendations to improve the tourism supply chain performance in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast The thesis boldly proposes groups of basic solutions and group of supporting solutions to improve the performance of the tourism supply chain supply chain in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast in the near future consists of: Solution group 1: Completing the configuration of the supply chain of tourism services includes solutions: (1) enterprises need a team specialized in strategic management; (2) businesses need close cooperation between departments; (3) enterprises increase contract signing; (4) enterprises increase information sharing; (5) enterprises need to make joint decisions 25 Solution group 2: Strengthening the relationship of members in the supply chain of tourism services: (1) member enterprises in the chain build trust with each other.; (2) businesses need to develop relationships; (3) enterprises need to build trust control mechanism; (4) businesses need to strengthen their commitment to each other; (5) building and maintaining good relations should be based on common principles; (6) enterprises need to commit to maintaining long-term relationships; (7) establish personal relationships between businesses; (8) enterprises need to train employees; (9) enterprises have carried out IT modernization; (10) Application of IT in the relations of members; (11) Enterprises need to choose employees Solution group 3: Promote coordination of the supply chain of tourism services (1) enterprises in the supply chain need to identify the business mind; (2); the focal enterprise is a travel business that needs to find and build a supply; (3) tour operators as chain operators should actively approach and sign memoranda of understanding Group of support solutions: (1) businesses strengthen links; (2) enterprises need to develop policies to develop tourism supply chain products; (3) enterprises need to put in place measures to effectively manage business activities In addition, the thesis also mentioned a number of recommendations to the State, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism and tourism associations CONCLUSION Tourism development in general and tourism supply chain improvement in particular are becoming an inevitable development trend for most countries and tourist regions in the context of liberalization and globalization globalization is going strong The Red River Delta and Northeast Coast are tourist areas with natural, socio-economic conditions that are very favorable for tourism development in general and tourism supply chain development in particular In the past years, the Red River Delta and the Northeast Coast region have achieved certain achievements in supply chain activities in the tourism supply chain and achieved certain results However, the reality shows that the results of supply chain operations in the tourism supply chain also reveal many problems, which are not commensurate with the potential and advantages of the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast Therefore, it is necessary to systematize and 26 build a common theoretical framework on tourism supply chain research, in order to improve the performance of the tourism supply chain supply chain, which focuses on strengthen the relationship of member tourism enterprises in the supply chain, on the basis of maximizing the advantages of the region's natural, socio-economic conditions In order to achieve the above goal, in the coming time, the member enterprises of the tourism supply chain supply chain in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast need to effectively and synchronously deploy solutions, besides to follow the general directions and goals of the whole region in the Strategy and Master Plan for Vietnam's tourism development to 2020, with a vision to 2030 The thesis has: (1) Identify 02 factors measuring the performance of supply chain activities in the tourism supply chain: Satisfaction and Finance; (2) Establishing a theoretical research framework to measure supply chain performance in the tourism supply chain; (3) Analysis of factors affecting supply chain performance of tourism supply chain; There are elements: supply chain configuration, supply chain relations and supply chain coordination; (4) Assessing the current situation of supply chain performance of tourism supply chains in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast;(5) Descriptive statistical analysis; the average value of the performance measures of the supply chain in the tourism supply chain mostly reached the good average according to the assessment of 350 relevant survey questionnaires; (6) Test the reliability of the scales in the research framework on the performance of the supply chain in the tourism supply chain using Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient After the correlation test, the independent variables Supply Chain Configuration, Supply Chain Relationship and Supply Chain Coordination and all have an impact on supply chain performance.(7) Analysis SEM1 model evaluates the impact of independent variables with dependent variable on supply chain performance; SEM2 model evaluates the impact of independent variables on factors measuring the results of the tourism supply chain supply chain (Satisfaction and Finance); (8) Proposing to focus on groups of solutions, groups of basic solutions and group of supporting solutions to improve the performance of the tourism supply chain supply chain in the Red River Delta and East Coast North in the near future Some limitations and problems that need further research: Although the PhD student tried to research seriously and achieved the research goal of the thesis, the thesis just stopped as a research paper 27 Reference data for tourism businesses, suggesting state management agencies on tourism The data used in the thesis is some secondary data, primary data has only been collected through interview and survey methods with a limited number of samples The thesis also has not comprehensively studied all the participants in the supply chain of the tourism supply chain, but only studied the supply chain of the tourism supply chain with groups of members With the above contents, the thesis has basically answered the research questions and completed the set research objectives PhD wishes to continue to receive comments from scientists, managers and experts to further improve the thesis./ 28 LIST OF DISCLOSED SCIENTIFIC WORKS RELATED TO THESIS THEME Do Minh Phuong (2018), Discussing the tourism supply chain in Vietnam, Travel Magazine No 6/2018 Do Minh Phuong (2018), Research on the supply chain of tourism services in Vietnam, Scientific research project, Thuongmai University , Hanoi Do Minh Phuong (2019), Tourism supply chain in the industrial revolution 4.0, Industry and Trade Magazine No - February 2019 Do Minh Phuong (members, 2019), Developing tourism products in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast in the period 20202030, Science and technology project at ministerial level, Hanoi Do Minh Phuong (2020), Developing Vietnam's tourism supply chain towards sustainability, Economic and Forecasting Journal, No 13 – May 2020 Do Minh Phuong (2021), Research on factors affecting tourism supply chain activities in the Red River Delta and Northeast coast, Proceedings of the ICYREB International Scientific Conference 2020, January 2021 ... Build the Vietnamese version of the questionnaire by translating the scales from English to Vietnamese Then, re-translate the Vietnamese version into English to compare and edit the Vietnamese version... requirements - About practice In recent years, Vietnam's tourism industry has made progress and achieved remarkable achievements In 2019, Vietnam welcomed more than 18 million international visitors... businesses of the provinces and cities of Hanoi, Vinh Phuc, Bac Ninh, Hai Duong, Hung Yen, Thai Binh, Ha Nam, Ninh Binh, Nam Dinh, Hai Phong and Quang Ninh About time: The thesis's analytical database
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