Thái độ của phạm nhân đối với việc thực hiện nội quy trại giam thuộc bộ công an TT TIENG ANH

1 INTRODUCTION Rationale for the study Attitude is seen as both a cause and an effect of activities formulated from people’s living conditions and environment However, each person is completely capable of deciding and actively choosing attitudes and behaviours for each specific situation in their life Attitude is derived from beliefs, bearing the characteristics of each individual, and the subject's behaviour can positively or negatively affect their personal life Thus, self-directing and finding ways to form attitudes suitable for different situations in order to improve operational efficiency is of great theoretical and practical significance In the work of Criminal Judgment Execution and Judicial Assistance in our country, the main task is to ensure the strictness of the law, and to promptly punish the offenders It is essential to ensure that when prisoners are released from prison, they return to reintegrate into the community, give up the criminal path, and become honest citizens During the execution of the sentence at the prison, the prisoners’ attitude greatly affects the process of their education and re-education Each prisoner must have an attitude of compliance with prison regulations, have a sense of responsibility and citizenship, and accumulate experiences in healthy social relationships After all, forming good and positive attitudes for prisoners is also the goal of the management and education process in current prisons In the past recent years, the number of prisoners serving sentences in prisons in Vietnam has increased significantly, increasing trend not only in terms of quantity but also in many other characteristics This issue poses objective requirements, requiring appropriate solutions to improve effectiveness of criminal judgment execution and judicial support activities in general, and inmate education and management activities in prisons of the Ministry of Public Security in particular During the time serving the prison sentence, prisoners think that the sentence is the door to close a free life, the motive and purpose of the rehabilitation has not been determined with hostile attitude Before the developments showing the reaction of a part of prisoners to the prison rules, the violation of the law by prisoners serving prison sentences in prisons shows that there are many factors affecting, in which the prisoner's belief in the future, the family's concern, and the prison officer's influence have an impact on the prisoners’ attitude Therefore, raising awareness and forming a positive attitude of prisoners towards the implementation of prison rules in order to well perform the prevention of violations of prisoners serving prison sentences is a vital issue for prisoners to feel secure to re-educate, practice actively and the way back to family and society will be really closer, ensuring that the process of reintegration into the community is effectively implemented Over the years, there have been many studies on attitude and attitude of prisoners with different approaches However, research on the attitudes of prisoners from a psychological perspective remains inadequate; especially research on the attitude of prisoners to implement prison rules in prisons in our country has not been systematically studied Therefore, it is urgent to study the behaviour of prisoners in implementing prison rules and pointing out the manifestations and factors affecting the implementation of prison rules of prisoners in order to educate them to become useful people in society Thus, in terms of theoretical and practical aspects, it can be affirmed that the study of prisoners' attitudes towards the implementation of prison rules is a new, urgent with its great theoretical and practical significance From the aforementioned reasons, this thesis author decides to choose the issue entitles: Prisoners’ attitude towards the implementation of prison rules under the Ministry of Public Security as his doctoral thesis Aims and objectives of the study Aims The thesis aims at studying theoretical basis and practice of prisoners’ attitude towards the implementation of prison rules; propose measures to form a positive attitude of prisoners towards the implementation of prison rules under the Ministry of Public Security, contributing to improving the efficiency of inmate management and education Objectives Giving an overview of research related to the attitude of prisoners towards the implementation of prison rules under the Ministry of Public Security 3 Forming a theoretical basis for prisoners’ attitude towards the implementation of prison rules under the Ministry of Public Security Conducting relevant surveys and assessing the current status of prisoners’ attitude and the current status of factors affecting prisoners’ attitude towards the implementation of prison rules under the Ministry of Public Security Proposing measures to form a positive attitude for prisoners towards the implementation of prison rules under the Ministry of Public Security Participants, objects and scope of the study Participants Prisoners serving a fixed-term prison sentence in prisons under the Ministry of Public Security Objects Manifestations, levels and factors affecting prisoners’ attitude towards the implementation of prison rules under the Ministry of Public Security Scope In terms of content The thesis focuses on studying prisoners’ attitude towards the implementation of prison rules, specifically on the following aspects: Prisoners' awareness of prison rules, prisoners' feelings about prison rules and prisoners' violations of prison rules while serving prison sentences In terms of objects Total number of participants: 315 (of which 285 Vietnamese prisoners are serving a fixed-term prison sentence; interviewing 20 prisoners and 10 prison officers) in prisons under the Ministry of Public Security In terms of area The study was carried out on subjects at 03 typical prisons in the North (Phu Son Prison, Thanh Xuan Prison and Hoang Tien Prison), Department 10, and Ministry of Public Security In terms of time: The thesis is focused on research from November 2017 to June 2021 Scientific hypothesis The positivity of prisoners' attitudes towards the implementation of prison rules is currently average, but uneven in all aspects Of which, the expression for the behaviour of implementing prison rules is lower than the other aspects Prisoners with higher educational attainment, shorter serving time, and first offenses demonstrate a higher degree of positive attitude towards the implementation of prison rules than low-skilled prisoners and have previous criminal record; there is no difference in the positive level of attitude towards the implementation of prison rules between male and female prisoners Prisoner's attitude towards the implementation of prison rules is influenced by several factors: the prisoner's belief in the future, the family's interest, the relationship between prisoners and the capacity and communication style of the guards In which the interest of the family has a stronger influence than other factors Measures can be proposed to form a positive attitude of prisoners towards the implementation of prison rules through measures such as: 1/ Raise prisoners' understanding of prison rules; 2/ Form positive emotions for prisoners in the process of implementing prison rules; 3/ Promote the activeness of prisoners towards the implementation of prison rules; 4/ Implement appropriate reward and discipline policies for prisoners; 5/ Strengthen training and capacity for prison guards Methodology and research methods Methodology The thesis is conducted on the basis of the principles and methods of Marxism - Leninism, Ho Chi Minh's thought on people, undertakings and policies of the Communist Party of Vietnam, laws of the State, Resolutions Directive of the Ministry of Public Security and the Law on Criminal Judgment Execution with the management, detention and education of prisoners The approaches of psychology used in the thesis research include: approach to activity - communication, approach to systems, approach to development, and personality Research Methods Within the scope of the thesis, the following methods are used: Methods of studying documents: Analyse, synthesize, systematize and generalize the sources of documents in order to collect and exploit information to build the theoretical basis of the thesis Researched documents and texts include: Works of Marxism Leninism, Ho Chi Minh Thought; documents, resolutions and directives of the Ministry of Public Security, the Criminal Law, the Law on Criminal Judgment Execution with the management, detention and education of prisoners; Psychological research works: Dissertations, journals, scientific seminars, domestic and foreign thematic reports on the issue of prisoners' execution of prison sentences Methods of practical research: Expert method, survey by questionnaire; observation method; in-depth interview method; typical case study Method of data processing by mathematical statistics: Using SPSS 20.0 software to process survey data and display research results New contributions of the study In terms of theory The thesis contributes to enriching psychological theory in general, professional psychology for inmate education and management activities in particular Specifically, the thesis has clarified that the prisoners’ attitude towards the implementation of prison rules is a psychological state that is manifested in the inmate's perception, emotions, and behaviour in implementing prison rules, affecting the results of the process of classification and serving sentences of prisoners during the rehabilitation process at the prison Simultaneously, the thesis has supplemented and developed the theory of psychology in the management and education of prisoners through the identification of psychological characteristics and operational characteristics of prisoners It reflects the expression and level of inmate's attitude towards the implementation of prison rules and explains the factors affecting the prisoners’ attitude towards the implementation of prison rules In terms of practice The thesis conducts relevant surveys and assesses current situation of expression and attitude of prisoners towards the implementation of prison rules through specific manifestations including: with the implementation of prison rules; prisoners' feelings towards the implementation of prison rules; prisoners' behaviour of implementing prison rules The results have shown that the areas of positive expression of the prisoner's attitude towards the implementation of prison rules are at an average level, in which the prisoner's awareness of prison rules has the highest level of expression It enables to determine the relationship between the expressions of the prisoner's attitude towards the implementation of prison rules by conducting correlation test The results have shown that the expressions of prisoners’ attitude towards the implementation of prison rules are positively and closely related to each other and all three aspects of expression have a positive and close correlation with the prisoner's attitude towards the implementation of prison rules The results of the thesis show that the prisoners’ attitude towards the implementation of prison rules is influenced by the following factors: the prisoner's belief in the future, the prisoner's relationship with his inmate, the attention of the family and the capacity and communication style of prison officials, in which the above factors have a relatively strong to very strong influence on the attitude of prisoners to implement prison rules The thesis also proposes 05 measures to form a positive attitude for prisoners towards the implementation of prison rules under the Ministry of Public Security in accordance with the actual situation of prisoners’ attitude towards the implementation of prison rules and conditions in prisons Theoretical and practical significance of the study The results of the thesis will provide more scientific basis to help prison police officers apply in practical activities to improve the efficiency of inmate education and management in general today ; forming a positive attitude for prisoners in the implementation of prison rules in particular On that basis, it contributes to improving the efficiency of criminal judgment enforcement and judicial support in educating prisoners to become useful citizens for society In addition, the thesis can be used as a reference in teaching and researching psychology in educational activities, reforming prisoners and in science of the People's Public Security Structure of the study Besides introduction, conclusion, recommendations, list of references, list of published works related to the thesis and appendices, the thesis includes chapters and 12 sections 7 Chapter LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Studies on attitude 1.1.1 Studies on formation of attitude Studies on attitude formation is a prominent research direction abroad and is paid due attention to by many authors Here are typical authors: A.Ph.Lazurxki (1874 - 1917), VNMiaxisev (1892 - 1973), Preston and De Waal (2002), B.Ph.Lomov, VAYadov (1969), Hovland, Janis & Kelley (1953), Pham Minh Hac, Tran Trong Thuy, Le Duc Phuc, Tran Hiep, Nghiem Thi Phien (1991), Vu Dung (2004, Le Van Hao Most of these studies show this theory of attitude formation based on a classical view of learning that includes the theory of social conditioning, reinforcement, and learning, whereby attitudes are formed in response to basic needs of individuals Most attitudes are formed by experience and learning in the social environment in which the individual participates Simultaneously, the process of forming attitude change is taking place in relation to perception and behaviour 1.1.2 Studies on expression of attitude M.Smith (1942) Breckler, McGuire, Rosselli, Skelly & Mackie, Tesser & Martin, Petty, Wegener & Fabrigar, Eagly & Chaiken all show the expression of three attitudinal components including cognitive, emotional and behavioural Psychologists Fishbein M & Ajzen I (1975), Pennington N & Hastie R (1990), Pham Minh Hac, Nguyen Khac Vien, Tran Hiep, Do Long, Nguyen Quang Uan, Le Ngoc Lan, Knud S Larsen, Nguyen Thi Thuy Huong (2007), Le Van Hao (2010) argue that the structural components of attitude include belief system and evaluation system, the evaluation of a thing or phenomenon according to Positive or negative direction is due to our beliefs about the value of that thing or phenomenon Although emphasis is different on a certain aspect of attitude, to date most researchers studying attitude manifestations have focused on clarifying the cognitive, emotional, and behavioural components 1.1.3 Studies on measurement of attitude In the early years of the twentieth century, in-depth research on attitudes also focused on identifying scales that allow accurate assessment of attitudes Author Bogardus (1925), initiated a study of attitudes that he called the social distance scale This method allows researchers to make a preliminary assessment of stereotypes for different social (ethnic) groups on the basis of considering the willingness to participate in social contacts according to different levels of distance - proximity for ethnic groups By Thurstone, L L (1928) and Chave, E.J (1929) developed an attitude scale with a large number of propositions representing different positions, along a one-dimensional scale Some items are designed to be placed in a positive, quite positive, quite negative, and extremely negative position Accordingly, Thurstone built an attitude system on an 11level scale from "extremely positive" to "extremely negative" attitude, with about 200 items edited to remove the most diverse items Likert (1932) actively builds an attitude rating scale with high validity and reliability Criteria for evaluating propositions are built simply, uncomplicated, and concise, rarely exceed 20 words and must refer to a single object rather than a variety, and then the propositions are sorted The answers are usually divided into categories: completely agree (5), agree (4), not sure (3), disagree (2) and completely disagree (1) Triandis Harry C (1964), Guttman and Mokken have shown the problem of reproducibility and unidimensionality by developing a reproducibility coefficient to determine whether the scale meets the minimum standard in the system No.90 Dao Thi Oanh (2004), Bui Thi Hong Minh (2017) said that manipulation is clear enough to be measurable, that is: The breadth or positivity of the attitude; intensity of attitude; internal contradiction; conciseness; and cognitive complexity 1.2 Studies on prisoners’ attitude towards the implementation of prison rules 1.2.1 Studies related to the psychological development of prisoners during the implementation of prison rules AGKovaliev (1968) points out the psychological development of prisoners through stages: the stage of new admission, the phase when the prisoner joins the system, measures of the educational system in the camp, and the final stage of the renovation process Edwin M Schur (1969), James Boudouris PhD, Harlan J Brady (1981), Abdulkarim A.Al (2007), the author emphasizes the emotional aspects of prisoners in communication and the social complexes and psychological imbalances that prisoners are facing In Vietnam, the majority of research works focus on such aspects as the organization, management, education of prisoners, psychological characteristics of prisoners, factors affecting the psychology of prisoners and their orientation on measures to improve the effectiveness of inmates' behaviour in implementing prison rules Hoang Cung, Tran Quang Trong (2002), and Chu Van Duc (2009) analyze psychological characteristics inmate's management; stages of psychological development and formation of positive attitudes These serve as important scientific bases that can be inherited to identify manifestations and clarify psychological characteristics of prisoners in prison under the Ministry of Public Security 1.2.2 Studies on factors affecting the psychology of prisoners during the implementation of prison rules Ph.R.Xundrov Iu.V Chupharovxki, Edwin M Schur, in which Ph.R Xundrov and Henry E Fild (1931) state that there is a strong correlation between the prisoner's self-consciousness and the spirit of obeying the rules, prison regulations In Vietnam the authors Hoang Cung, Nguyen Nhu Chien, Chu Thi Mai (2006), Hoang Thi Bich Ngoc, Nguyen Huu Toan indicate the impact of many factors in the implementation of prison rules with a close relationship with the perception of the inmate, the relationship with the inmate, the prison guards and their family 1.2.3 Studies on ways and measures to form a positive attitude of prisoners towards the implementation of prison rules In the nineteenth century, there were many research works in the field of Criminal Psychology in Russia These are the works of I.X.Barsev, K.Ia.Ianovitr - Ianhepskov, L.E.Vladimirov; A.F Shebanov highly appreciated the labour factor in the education, rehabilitation and conversion of offenders Leila Sadeghi (2009) pointed out the special characteristics of prisoners about the structure of crimes in life imprisonment sentences and analysed the educational factors that directly affect the perception and behaviour of prisoners Mark T.Yates (2009, Raymond Cosini again mentioned psychosocial and psychological support models as important first steps, habituation, job training, architecture, classification and isolation are steps) necessary to change prisoners' attitudes Author Nguyen Van Tuan (2016), Author Pham Tien Dung (2018), points out the theory of management of prisoners serving prison sentences, characteristics of crime management serving life imprisonment 10 sentences, requirements, contents, forms, measures, assignment of responsibilities and relations of coordination in managing prisoners serving prison sentences 1.3 Overview of the results of previous studies and the issues need addressing in the thesis 1.3.1 Overview of the results of previous studies The results of typical published scientific works of domestic and foreign authors related to inmates' attitudes towards the implementation of prison rules show that: Firstly, these authors have been paid attention to studying attitudes, expressions and scales on many subjects in the fields of politics, economy - society The research results have clarified many theoretical issues about attitude, referring to the aspect related to attitude; determine the role and importance of attitudes to the performance of subjects in different fields Most researchers looking at the expression of attitudes focus on clarifying the cognitive, emotional, and action (or behavioural) components Studies show that attitudes can be measured through a number of criteria such as: the positivity of the attitude; intensity of attitude; internal contradiction; At the same time, most studies show that attitude has a great influence on an individual's psychological life as well as decision-making and action in specific situations Secondly, by reviewing the research works related to the thesis topic, we find that the researches mainly focus on studying the attitudes towards the subjects which are groups of pupils, students, employees, cadres, civil servants, lecturers, and disadvantaged groups in society, but there are no studies on inmate attitudes 1.3.2 The issues need addressing in the thesis Firstly, although there have been a number of studies on the psychology of prisoners, the communication characteristics of prisoners, the management and education of inmates, there has not been any work that directly deals with the attitude towards the execution of prisoners, under Ministry of Public Security Thus, in order to study objectively and scientifically about prisoners’ attitude to follow the rules in prisons, the Ministry of Public Security first needs to develop a conceptual system of tools for the process of thesis such as: Attitude; Prisoners, Prison Rules, Prisoners' Attitudes 11 towards the Implementation of Prison Rules These works clarified thoroughly prisoners' attitude towards the implementation of prison rules and other measures factors affecting the attitude of prisoners towards the implementation of prison rules Secondly, within this thesis scope, prisoners’ attitude towards the implementation of prison rules under the Ministry of Public Security is considered a psychological state that shows a tendency to respond positively and negatively to things that happen at certain events and circumstances in which the inmate participates in expression through perception, emotion as well as their behaviour Thirdly, prisoners’ attitude towards the implementation of rules in prisons and the Ministry of Public Security is influenced by a number of factors Therefore, it is essential to learn, analyze and evaluate the factors affecting prisoners’ attitude to implement prison rules, serving as a basis for proposing measures to improve the effectiveness of their attitude in implementing the rules and serving prison sentences Fourthly, the thesis conducts relevant surveys in order to properly assess the current state of manifestations and factors affecting prisoners’ attitude towards the implementation of the internal regulations of the Ministry of Public Security Conclusion of chapter Attitude is an issue that has been paid due attention to since very early The studies on attitude are conducted under many different angles, directions and in different fields of social life, especially; these studies mainly focus on pupils, students and workers However, there have been no studies on prisoners’ attitude towards the implementation of prison rules under the Ministry of Public Security Therefore, this is a new issue and needs to be studied more thoroughly The overview of the studies on prisoners’ attitude to implement prison rules at home and abroad, contribute to expanding the approach in generalizing, analysing and explaining scientific issues related to the thesis Each research work or scientific article is associated with a certain field and is related to the concept of attitude, manifestations, and factors affecting prisoner's attitude towards the execution of prison rules 12 Chapter THEORETICAL BASIS ON ATTITUDE OF PRISONERS TOWARDS THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PRISON RULES UNDER THE MINISTRY OF PUBLIC SECURITY 2.1 Theory on attitude 2.1.1 Concept of attitude Attitude is defined as a psychological state that shows an individual's tendency to respond positively or negatively to people, things, and phenomena in objective reality, which is expressed through perception, emotion and behaviour 2.1.2 Characteristics of attitude Attitude is a psychological state; Attitude is the expression of a tendency to respond positively or negatively; Attitudes that involve consciousness; and attitude covers dominating features 2.1.3 Expression of attitude Most psychologists believe that attitudes are expressed in three basic factors: perception, emotion and behaviour The above three factors have a close relationship with each other, creating the manifestation of attitudes that show the subject's tendency to respond to any object or situation Therefore, these three factors are identified as the basis for the construction of the scale of attitudes 2.2 Theory on attitude of prisoners towards the implementation of prison rules under the Ministry of Public Security 2.2.1 Prisoners A prisoner is a person who is sentenced to a term of imprisonment, life imprisonment, and is serving a sentence in a prison 2.2.2 Prison rules Prison rules are seen as legal provisions aimed at regulating relationships in the process of managing and educating inmates, maintaining order, maintaining discipline, ensuring prison security and safety, and educating prisoners to become useful people in society 2.2.3 Characteristics of prisoners under the Ministry of Public Security 2.2.3.1 Psychological characteristics of prisoners in prisons under the Ministry of Public Security Psychological characteristics of prisoners in prisons under the Ministry of Public Security are outlined on the following basic contents: 13 Confusion, anxiety, the need to be free, to have the sentence reduced are common psychology of prisoners; the psychological development of prisoners changes in different stages 2.2.3.2 Characteristics of prisoners' activities in prisons under the Ministry of Public Security The characteristics of prisoners' activities are summarized on the following basic contents: The activities of prisoners are under the strict management of the law; Prisoners’ activities are carried out through a labour education organization; Prisoner's activities are conducted in a specific environment 2.2.4 Prisoners’ attitude towards the implementation of prison rules Prisoners’ attitude towards the implementation of prison rules under the Ministry of Public Security is a psychological state that shows the tendency of prisoners to respond positively or negatively to prison rules, expressed through their perception, feelings and behaviour to implement prison rules 2.2.5 Expressions and levels of prisoners’ attitudes towards the implementation of prison rules under the Ministry of Public Security 2.2.5.1 Expression of the prisoner's attitude towards the implementation of prison rules under the Ministry of Public Security Prisoners’ attitude towards the implementation of prison rules are expressed through: Prisoners’ awareness of the implementation of prison rules; Prisoners’ feelings towards the implementation of prison rules; and prisoners’ behaviour of implementing prison rules 2.2.5.2 Positive attitude of prisoners towards the implementation of prison rules Assessing the level of inmate's attitude towards the implementation of prison rules is reflected in specific aspects: Positive attitude manifests in perception; the positivity of the attitude manifests in the prisoners' emotions; the positivity of attitudes manifests in behaviour 2.2.5.3 The degree of positive attitude of prisoners towards the implementation of prison rules Level 1: Attitude positivity is low Level 2: Positive attitude is average Level 3: The positivity of the attitude is high 14 2.3 Factors affecting prisoners’ attitude towards the implementation of prison rules under the Ministry of Public Security 2.3.1 Prisoners' beliefs in the future 2.3.2 Family care 2.3.3 Relationships among prisoners in prison 2.3.4 Competence and communication style of prison guards Conclusion of chapter By inheriting, supplementing and developing results of published research works, derived from research purposes, the thesis has introduced, analysed and clarified instrumental concepts such as: degrees, prisoners, prison rules and prisoners’ attitudes towards the implementation of prison rules under the Ministry of Public Security From the analysis of psychological characteristics and activities of prisoners serving sentences in prisons under the Ministry of Public Security, the thesis has determined the expression of prisoners’ attitudes towards the implementation of camp rules: The prisoners’ awareness of the implementation of prison rules, the inmate's feelings towards the implementation of prison rules and the prisoner's behaviour of implementing prison rules, and 03 levels as a basis for evaluation prisoners’ attitudes toward the implementation of prison rules The thesis also identifies the factors affecting prisoners’ attitude towards the implementation of prison rules Chapter ORGANIZATION AND METHODS OF THE THESIS 3.1 Organization 3.1.1 Units of research: Phu Son Prison 4; Thanh Xuan prison and Hoang Tien prison The study period is from 2017 to 2021 3.1.2 Participants It includes 285 prisoners who are serving prison sentences with a definite term in prisons under the Ministry of Public Security within the scope of the thesis 3.1.3 Content The thesis studies theoretical issues about attitudes in general and prisoners' attitudes towards the implementation of prison rules under the Ministry of Public Security in particular from a psychological perspective It conducts related surveys and assesses the current status of prisoners' attitudes towards the implementation 15 of prison rules and the current state of factors affecting prisoners' attitudes towards the implementation of prison rules; conduct a typical psychological portrait analysis Accordingly, it proposes measures to form a positive attitude for prisoners towards the implementation of prison rules under the Ministry of Public Security 3.1.4 Stages of research Stage 1: Theoretical research, drafting tools and preliminary survey, completing detailed outline; Stage 2: Surveying, assessing the current situation, analysing psychological portraits, proposing measures to form a positive attitude for prisoners towards the implementation of prison rules and writing the contents of the thesis; Stage 3: Check the survey data and continue to supplement the thesis content; Stage 4: Completing the thesis 3.2 Research Methods To fulfil the aims of the thesis, a combination of different methods are used: Documentary method; Professional solution; Survey method by questionnaire; Observation method; In-depth interview method; Methods of product research work; Methods of analysing psychological portraits and methods of processing data by mathematical statistics Conclusion of chapter The thesis is studied through different stages and uses a combination of research methods of psychology The methods are deployed in accordance with the purposes and tasks of the research, in accordance with the practical conditions when conducting the thesis; ensure the reliability in the process of assessing the actual state of the prisoner's attitude towards the implementation of prison rules under the Ministry of Public Security The results obtained during the current situation were processed by the program SPSS in Windows, version 20.0 16 Chapter PRACTICAL RESULTS ON ATTITUDE OF PRISONERS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PRISON RULES UNDER THE MINISTRY OF PUBLIC SECURITY 4.1 Current situation of prisoners' attitude towards the implementation of prison rules under the Ministry of Public Security 4.1.1 Overall assessment of the prisoner's attitude towards the implementation of prison rules Measurement of indicators to assess the prisoner's attitude towards the implementation of the defined prison rules on all research subjects The scale has been tested for normal distribution; qualified standard curve; the oblique approach is close to the value of Zero (0); significance p values (sig in K-S-W test) are > 0.05 From there, it is possible to assess the level of inmate's attitude towards the implementation of prison rules according to the formula Mean ± SD The obtained results show that the attitude of prisoners towards the implementation of prison rules on three specific aspects: perception, emotion and behaviour In which, the cognitive aspect was evaluated at a higher level (Mean = 2.99), the second was the emotional side of performing world law (Mean = 2.63), the lowest was the behavioural aspect of performing the prison rules of the inmate (Mean = 2.62); The prisoner's attitude towards the implementation of prison rules is at Medium level and is summarized in the chart below: NT: Awareness of CX: Emotion towards HV: Behaviour towardsAttitude towards prison prison rules prison rules prison rules rules 17 4.1.2 Assessment of the current status of prisoners’ attitudes toward the implementation of prison rules 4.1.2.1 Current situation of prisoners' awareness about the implementation of prison rules Prisoners are fully aware of prison rules in terms of research, in which inmates are aware of prison discipline at the highest level (Mean = 3.12), while knowledge of prison sentences and punishments is at lower level than Mean = 2.79) 4.1.2.2 The emotional status of prisoners towards the implementation of prison rules The positive expressions of the offender's emotions were assessed as average, mixed with negative emotions In which the emotions of prisoners with prison discipline regulations are the highest (Mean = 2.76), followed by emotions about labour regulations (Mean = 2.66) and feelings about judgments and punishments is the lowest (Mean = 2.09) 4.1.2.3 Current situation of behaviour in implementing prison rules Most of the prisoners show the positive behaviour of prisoners who comply with prison rules at an average level In which the act of performing labour is at the highest level (Mean = 2.94), followed by the act of executing the sentence, the prison sentence (Mean = 2.70) and the act of communicating and obeying the prison rules is the lowest (Mean = 2.50) 4.1.2.4 Compare the differences in some demographic variables with the prisoners' attitudes towards the implementation of prison rules a Sentence The results of the comparison are summarized in the following chart: From years to years From years to 15 years Over 15 years to life imprisonment NT: Awareness of prison rules CX: Emotion towards prison rules HV: Behaviour towards prison rules Attitude towards prison rules 18 One-way ANOVA test shows that there is a statistically significant difference in the inmate's attitude towards the implementation of the prison rules according to the classification of the serving time (significant value p < 0.05) In which, inmates at the level of to years have a higher score on the attitude to comply with the prison rules (Mean = 2.81) than inmates with a sentence of to 15 years (Mean = 2.72) and the lowest is a prisoner with a sentence of to 15 years at a sentence of 15 years to life (Mean = 2.62) b Sex The results of the comparison are summarized in the following chart: Male Female NT: Awareness of prison rules CX: Emotion towards prison HV: Behaviour towardsAttitude towards prison prison rules rules The results show that female prisoners have lower emotional expressions (Mean = 2.59) than male inmates (Mean = 2.68) However, the expression of awareness and behaviour of female prisoners is higher than that of male prisoners Summarizing the expressions, female prisoners have a higher attitude of complying with prison rules (Mean = 2.79) than male inmates (Mean = 2.69) and this difference is statistically significant (T-Test for value) P < 0.05) c Education background The results of comparing the attitudes of prisoners by educational level are summarized in the table below: 19 Prisoners' attitude towards the implementation of prison rules Education level Primary Education Secondary Education Senior High School Education Tertiary and Higher Education Number 70 102 Mean 2.58 2.73 SD 0.52 0.65 81 2.82 0.47 32 2.99 0.51 The results show that prisoners with university and postgraduate degrees have the highest positive assessment results of the attitude towards implementing prison rules (Mean = 2.99); prisoners with a primary school diploma have the lowest positive assessment of the attitude towards implementing prison rules (Mean = 2.58) compared to other groups of qualifications In-depth Post Hoc Tests showed: the difference was statistically significant (group of highskilled inmates and low-skilled inmates with p < 0.05) d Crime records The T-Test shows that there is a statistically significant difference in perception between the groups of prisoners with prior convictions and the group of prisoners without prior convictions regarding prison sentences and penalties In which, inmates committing a crime for the first time (Mean = 2.82) showed a higher positive attitude towards the implementation of prison rules than inmates with prior convictions (Mean = 2.61) The comparison results are summarized in the chart below: having crime records First time commit crime NT: Awareness of prisonCX: Emotion towards prison HV: Behaviour towardsAttitude towards prison rules prison rules rules 20 4.2 Current situation of factors affecting prisoners’ attitude towards the implementation of prison rules under the Ministry of Public Security The results show that the studied factors have a relatively strong influence on the attitude of prisoners to perform prison rules (Mean = 2.79) In which, the concern of the inmate's family has the most influence on the prisoners’ attitude to implement the prison rules and the impact is very strong (Mean = 2.94) The second is the capacity and communication style of the national staff (Mean = 2.84) This relationship is both a legal binding and a relationship that has an educational, emotional and profound impact on the scope of serving sentence in prison The inmate's belief in the future is ranked third with Mean = 2.72, which has an influence on the prisoners' attitude to implement prison rules 4.2.5 Correlation between factors affecting inmate's attitude towards the implementation of prison rules The research results show that the factors have a positive and very close correlation with the inmate's attitude towards the implementation of prison rules (r = 0.551** to 0.664**; p = 0.000 < 0.01) This confirms the increase or decrease of the factors all have an influence on the prisoner's attitude towards the implementation of prison rules 4.2.6 Predict the influence of factors on prisoners’ attitudes towards the implementation of prison rules The data show that, among the factors affecting the attitude of prisoners towards the implementation of prison rules, the relationship between the prisoner and his family has the strongest influence This is an interesting finding of ours when analysing the model with independent variables to consider the influence of factors on the attitude of PN This model is completely meaningful R2=0.49, adjusted R2=0.48 shows that it can explain 48% of the variation of the prisoner's attitude towards the implementation of the prison rules 4.3 Portraits for psychological analysis In order to clarify the results of the study on the actual state of prisoners' attitudes towards the implementation of prison rules and factors affecting the prisoners' attitudes towards the implementation of prison rules, we conducted analysed 02 21 psychological portraits showing the positivity of the attitude at a high level and the positivity of the attitude at a low level towards the implementation of prison rules to confirm once again the research results are consistent and reliable The portraits are analysed in the following logical sequences: Personal information; Expression of the prisoner's attitude towards the implementation of prison rules; Factors affecting prisoners’ attitudes towards the implementation of prison rules; General comments on portraits The results of the analysis show that the two prisoners show a positive attitude towards the implementation of prison rules at different levels, but their attitudes towards the implementation of prison rules are expressed in three specific aspects: Perception towards the implementation of prison rules, feelings towards the implementation of prison rules and behaviour of implementing prison rules Simultaneously, prisoner's attitude towards the implementation of prison rules is influenced by the following factors: The prisoner's belief in the future, the family's interest, the relationship among prisoners and the capacity and communication style of prison guards This will be one of the important bases for us to propose measures to form a positive attitude for prisoners towards the implementation of prison rules under the Ministry of Public Security 4.4 Measures to form positive attitudes for prisoners towards the implementation of prison rules under the Ministry of Public Security Five measures are proposed to form a positive attitude for prisoners towards the implementation of prison rules under the Ministry of Public Security: 1/ Improve prisoners’ understanding of prison rules; 2/ Create positive emotions for prisoners in the process of implementing prison rules; 3/ Promote the activeness of prisoners towards the implementation of prison rules; 4/ Implement appropriate reward and discipline policies for prisoners; 5/ Strengthen training and capacity building for prison guards 22 Conclusion of chapter The current situation of prisoners’ attitude towards the implementation of prison rules show that: Prisoners show a positive attitude towards the implementation of prison rules at an average level Among expression of attitudes of prisoners towards the implementation of prison rules, including: Perception towards the implementation of prison rules, feelings about prison rules and behaviour of implementing prison rules, the highest expression is in prisoners’ awareness of prison rules Other factors such as their belief in the future, the relationship among prisoners, the capacity and communication style of the prison guards and the interest of the prisoner's family all have a strong influence on prisoners’ attitude for the implementation of prison rules The factors identified in the thesis are positively and closely related to the prisoner's attitude towards the implementation of the prison rules Of the factors affecting the attitude of prisoners towards the implementation of prison rules, the family's interest has the strongest influence on the prisoner's attitude towards the implementation of prison rules The analysis of psychological portraits further clarifies the results of theoretical research and current situation of prisoners’ attitude towards the implementation of prison rules This serves as one of the important bases for proposing measures to form a positive attitude for prisoners in implementing prison rules in prisons under the Ministry of Public Security 23 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Conclusion 1.1 The foreign studies as well as those in the country show expressions, scales and factors affecting attitudes By selecting theoretical issues about attitudes and prisoners with complex psychological developments in the process of serving prison sentences in prisons, the thesis has determined prisoner's attitude towards the implementation of prison rules is the psychological state that shows prisoners’ tendency to respond positively and negatively to the implementation of prison rules, which is shown through their perception, emotion, and behaviour 1.2 By providing the synthesis, inheritance and selection of theoretical and practical results of domestic and foreign authors on attitude expressions, the thesis has determined the attitude of prisoners towards the implementation of prison rules expressed in three aspects: perception towards the implementation of prison rules, feelings towards the implementation of prison rules and actual behaviour These expressions have a close relationship and influence one another 1.3 The practical studies have shown that prisoners have a positive attitude towards the implementation of prison rules at an average level There are differences in attitudes towards the implementation of prison rules among prisoners with different degrees, sentences, criminal records, occupations, and genders Of which, the highest expression level is prisoners’ awareness of prison rules Simultaneously, the results also show that during the time of serving the education and re-education in prisons, some prisoners show a low level of positivity towards the implementation of prison rules, especially in the labour regime The study and discipline of prisons is reflected in the fact that prisoners have not been actively rehabilitated The main reason is that the majority of prisoners want to work well in order to enjoy the leniency policy of the State, while some other prisoners are not fully aware of the role that prison rules brings 1.4 There are a number of factors affecting prisoners’ attitudes towards the implementation of prison rules, namely: prisoners' beliefs in the future, the relationship between prisoners and prisoners; the interest of prisoners’ family and the capacity and communication style of prison officers Among the factors affecting 24 the attitude of prisoners towards the implementation of prison rules, the strongest influence lies on the factor of prisoners’ family concern 1.5 Five measures are proposed to form a positive attitude for prisoners in the process of implementing prison rules under the Ministry of Public Security, including: 1/ Improve prisoners’ understanding of prison rules; 2/ Form positive emotions for prisoners in the process of implementing prison rules; 3/ Promote the activeness of prisoners in studying and working in order to form a positive attitude for prisoners towards the implementation of prison rules; 4/ Implement appropriate reward and discipline policies for prisoners during the implementation of prison rules; 5/ Foster and improve qualification and capacity of the staff directly managing and educating prisoners at prisons Recommendations 2.1 To the Prison Superintendent 2.2 To the Prison Guards 2.3 To the staff educational management ... ORGANIZATION AND METHODS OF THE THESIS 3.1 Organization 3.1.1 Units of research: Phu Son Prison 4; Thanh Xuan prison and Hoang Tien prison The study period is from 2017 to 2021 3.1.2 Participants... prisoners and their orientation on measures to improve the effectiveness of inmates' behaviour in implementing prison rules Hoang Cung, Tran Quang Trong (2002), and Chu Van Duc (2009) analyze psychological... inmate's management; stages of psychological development and formation of positive attitudes These serve as important scientific bases that can be inherited to identify manifestations and clarify