BÀI GIẢNG CÔNG NGHỆ THỰC PHẨM CHUONG 3 CÔNG NGHỆ SẢN XUẤT BIA

        Nước: Chiếm 80% Hàm lượng cồn: – 6% CO2: 0,45% Ngồi cịn có: hydratcacbon, khống, polyphenol, chất màu, chất đắng, glycerin,… Bia cịn gọi “bánh mì lỏng” CO2: có khả kích thích tiêu hóa Lupulin bia hoa houblon có tính an thần, dễ ngủ Uống nhiều: hại gan, tổn thương hệ thần kinh Pháp: Bia loại đồ uống thu từ trình lên men dịch chất chiết từ đại mạch nẩy mầm, có bổ sung khơng q 15% ngun liệu đường khác hoa houblon  Đức: Bia loại đồ uống thu nhận nhờ lên men, không qua chưng cất, sử dụng hạt đại mạch nẩy mầm, hoa houblon, nấm men nước  Việt Nam: Bia loại đồ uống lên men có độ cồn thấp, làm từ nguyên liệu malt đại mạch, houblon, nấm men nước  7000 – 8000 năm TCN có sp lên men từ lúa mạch  Xưởng bia tìm thấy nhà mồ Ai Cập (2500 TCN)  Thế kỷ thứ 9, hoa Houblon sử dụng để sản xuất bia  Thế kỷ 14, 15: SX bia chuyển từ gia đình sang thủ cơng, xuất qn bia tu viện sản xuất bia  1765, SX bia cơng nghiệp hố   Độ cồn  Nguyên liệu  Công nghệ  Bia hỗn hợp: bia hoa quả, bia thảo mộc, bia hun khói, bia đặc biệt,… Malt (malt đại mạch) Houblon (hoa bia) Yeast (nấm men) Water (nước)   Malt: Là hạt ngũ cốc nẩy mầm điều kiện nhân tạo Malt đại mạch: hạt đại mạch nẩy mầm điều kiện nhân tạo Đại mạch   Đại mạch: hạt thuộc họ lúa mỳ (Gramineae), chi Hordeum Phân loại: Đại mạch chia làm nhóm đại mạch mùa xuân đại mạch mùa đông - Đại mạch hàng (Hordeum distichum L.) - Đại mạch hàng (Hordeum hexastichum L (Hordeum vulgare L.)) Bottom Fermenting Lager Types Oktoberfest Munich Types  There are approximately 30 major brewing styles in the world Many also have substyles (for example, bock beer has five/six) All told, there are about 70 substyles of beer in the world They all fall rather loosely into the LAGER or ALE category • For men:  No more than standard drinks* a day on average; and  No more than standard drinks on any one day • For women:  No more than standard drinks a day on average; and  No more than standard drinks on any one day * pot ordinary strength beer = standard drink http://i59.photobucket.com/albums/g309/Fionn-Whelan/Simpsons/BarneyGumble.gif Hình sơ đồ tạo màu iodine với tinh bột  Độ cồn (mL cồn/100mL bia)  An ebulliometer is designed to accurately measure the boiling point of liquids by measuring the temperature of the vapor-liquid equilibrium  Độ cồn (mL cồn/100mL bia)  Density of a liquid is with a hydrometer A common scale is that of specific gravity (SG) Water has a SG of 1.000, absolute alcohol has a SG of 0.789 ABV = 105/0.79(OG-FG)/FG OG is the original gravity, or the specific gravity before fermentation and FG is the final gravity of SG after fermentation Phân Tên tiêu Mức Phương pháp loại tối đa thử tiêu 0,2 TCVN A Sản phẩm bia Hàm lượng diacetyl, mg/L 6058:1995 The International Bittering Units scale, or simply IBU scale, is measured through the use of a spectrophotometer and solvent extraction a calculation is performed on this absorbance to give a result in IBU Tên tiêu Giới hạn tối đa Phương pháp thử Phân loại tiêu 1000 TCVN 4884:2005 (ISO 4833:2003) A E coli, CFU/ml sản phẩm Khơng có TCVN 6846:2007 (ISO 7251:2005) A Clostridium perfringens, CFU/ml sản phẩm Không có TCVN 4991:2005 (ISO 7937:2004) A 100 TCVN 8275-1:2009 (ISO 21527-1:2008) A Bia 1.Tổng số vi sinh vật hiếu khí, CFU/ml sản phẩm Tổng số nấm men nấm mốc, CFU/ml sản phẩm QCVN : 2010/BYT Bia chai, bia hộp QCVN : 2010/BYT Tên tiêu Tối đa Phương pháp thử Loại 1.Tổng số vi sinh vật hiếu khí, CFU/ml sản phẩm E coli, CFU/ml sản phẩm 10 TCVN 4884:2005 (ISO 4833:2003) A TCVN 6846:2007 (ISO 7251:2005) A Staphylococcus aureus, CFU/ml sản phẩm TCVN 4830-1:2005 (ISO 6888-1:1999, Amd 1:2003); A TCVN 4830-3:2005 (ISO 6888-3:2003) Streptococci faecal, CFU/ml sản phẩm TCVN 6189-2 (ISO 7899-2) A Pseudomonas aeruginosa, CFU/ml sản phẩm Clostridium perfringens, CFU/ml sản phẩm ISO 16266:2006 A TCVN 4991:2005 (ISO 7937:2004) A I’m a social drinker, if you have a drink…so shall I!  Oktoberfest: Munich, Bavaria, Germany  The festival is held on an area named the Theresienwiese (field, or meadow, of Therese), often called d’ Wiesn for short  Visitors also consume large quantities of food, most of it traditional hearty fare such as sausage, hendl (chicken), käsespätzle (cheese noodles), and sauerkraut, along with such Bavarian delicacies as roast ox tails and Äpfelpfannenkuchen (apple pancakes), and of course the most important part of Oktoberfest, BEER!    The first "Oktoberfest" took place in Munich, on October 12, 1810: For the commemoration of their marriage, Crown Prince Ludwig (later King Ludwig I) and Princess Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen (namesake of the Theresienwiese festival grounds) organized a great horse race (the marriage took place on October 12; the horse race on October 17 — therefore, there are different dates named as being the first Oktoberfest) In the year 1813, the Oktoberfest was called off as Bavaria was involved in the Napoleonic war In 1816, carnival booths appeared The main prizes were silver, porcelain, and jewelry In 1819, The town fathers of Munich took over festival management They decided that the Oktoberfest should be celebrated every year without exception Later, it was lengthened and the date pushed forward, the reason being that the end of September in Bavaria often has very good weather The high temperature in the first week of Oktoberfest nears 30 °C which stimulates the thirst of the visitors However, today the last week of Oktoberfest is still in October To honor the marriage of King Ludwig I and Therese of Bavaria, a parade took place for the first time in 1835 Since 1850, this has become a yearly event and an important component of the Oktoberfest 8,000 people — mostly from Bavaria — in traditional costumes walk from Maximilian Street, through the center of Munich, to the Oktoberfest The march is led by the Münchner Kindl Since 1850, the statue of Bavaria has watched the Oktoberfest This worldly Bavarian patron was first sketched by Leo von Klenze in a classic style and Ludwig Michael Schwanthaler romanticised and "Germanised" the draft; it was constructed by Johann Baptist Stiglmaier and Ferdinand von Miller  Since 1950, there has been a traditional festival opening: A twelve gun salute and the tapping of the first keg of Oktoberfest beer at 12:00 by the current Mayor of Munich with the cry "O'zapft is!" ("It's tapped!" in the Austro-Bavarian dialect) opens the Oktoberfest The first mayor to tap the keg was Thomas Wimmer By 1960, the Oktoberfest had turned into an enormous world-famous festival After this foreigners began to picture Germans as wearing the Sennerhut, Lederhosen, and the girls in Dirndl Horse races ended in 1960 There are many problems every year with young people, who overestimate their ability to handle large amounts of alcohol Many pass out due to drunkenness These especially drunk patrons are often called "Bierleichen" (German for "beer corpses") They are brought by staff to a medical tent where drunks as well as sick people are treated To keep the Oktoberfest, and especially the beer tents, friendly for older people and families, the concept of the "quiet Oktoberfest" was developed in 2005 Until 6:00 PM, the tents only play quiet music, for example traditional wind music Only after that will Schlager and pop music be played, which has led to more violence in earlier years The music played in the afternoon is limited to 85 decibels With these measures, the organizers of the Oktoberfest hope to curb the over-the-top party mentality and preserve the traditional beer tent atmosphere Since 2005 the last traveling Enterprise ride of Germany - called Mondlift - is back on the Oktoberfest.Starting in 2008, a new Bavarian law banning smoking in all enclosed spaces that are open to the public will be in place at the Oktoberfest This will mean a complete smoking ban inside the tents However, after heavy loses in the 2008 local elections, the state's ruling party wants to grant special exemptions to beer tents and small pubs for Your Attention! ...  Xưởng bia tìm thấy nhà mồ Ai Cập (2500 TCN)  Thế kỷ thứ 9, hoa Houblon sử dụng để sản xuất bia  Thế kỷ 14, 15: SX bia chuyển từ gia đình sang thủ cơng, xuất qn bia tu viện sản xuất bia  1765,... xuất bia  1765, SX bia cơng nghiệp hố   Độ cồn  Ngun liệu  Công nghệ  Bia hỗn hợp: bia hoa quả, bia thảo mộc, bia hun khói, bia đặc biệt,… Malt (malt đại mạch) Houblon (hoa bia) Yeast (nấm... hoạt tính 47  Sơ đồ công nghệ sản xuất malt đại mạch Đại mạch CHUẨN BỊ NGUYÊN LIỆU Thu nhận, xử lý Làm sạch, phân loại Sấy khô Bảo quản Ngâm (ẩm đạt 43- 45%) Nảy mầm SẢN XUẤT MALT Sấy khô Malt