BÀI TẬP NHÓM MÔN TIẾNG ANH 3 đề tài MAKING INFERENCES

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KIỂM SÁT HÀ NỘI BÀI TẬP NHÓM MƠN: TIẾNG ANH Đề tài: MAKING INFERENCES Nhóm 4-11 lớp K8EG Nguyễn Thiên Phát Trần Thảo Vân Nguyễn Thị Phượng Nguyễn Thị Thu Nhi Quang Trương Khánh Ly Bùi Thị Quyết Lưu Hà Nội – 2021 Table of Contents A Theory I What is an Inference? II Inference Questions III Strategy to approach Inference questions IV Avoid the following things while making inferences V In inferences questions, some of the answer choices may try to trick you by B Practice 10 TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KIỂM SÁT HÀ NỘI NAM CỘNG HÒA XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT Độc lập - Tự - Hạnh phúc Lớp K8G Hà Nội, ngày 20 tháng 06 năm 2021 BIÊN BẢN HỌP NHĨM Mơn học: TIẾNG ANH Đề tài: MAKING INFERENCES Thời gian, địa điểm, thành phần: - Thời gian: + Bắt đầu: 15h ngày 26/05/2021 + Hồn thành: 17h ngày20/06/2021 - Địa điểm: Họp nhóm onl - Thành phần: 6/6 thành viên có mặt đầy đủ (Tất lần hoạt động nhóm) Mục đích buổi học nhóm: - Nghiên cứu vấn đề nhóm giao, xác định rõ yêu cầu đề bài, mục tiêu cần đạt được… - Thảo luận, đề cách giải vấn đề - Phân công công việc cho thành viên Nội dung buổi học: - Nhóm trưởng trình bày mục đích buổi hoạt động nhóm - Các thành viên đưa ý kiến hướng giải vấn đề nhóm - Nhóm trưởng phân công nhiệm vụ cho thành viên - Các thành viên giúp đỡ hồn thành phần cơng việc - Các thành viên rút hạn chế nhóm để rút kinh nghiệm cho buổi hoạt động nhóm Kết buổi học nhóm: - Cơng việc hồn thành - Sau thời gian làm việc, nhóm đến kết phân chia đánh giá mức độ hồn thành cơng việc thành viên sau: BẢNG PHÂN CÔNG CÔNG VIỆC CỦA CÁC THÀNH VIÊN TT Thành viên Lớp Công việc Ghi Nguyễn Thiên Phát K8G Thiết kế chỉnh sửa word, p.p Nhóm trưởng Nguyễn Thị Phượng K8G Chuẩn bị phần details Bùi Thị Quyết Lưu K8G Chuẩn bị phần details Trần Thảo Vân K8E Chuẩn bị phần supporting ideas Nguyễn Thị Thu Nhi K8E Chuẩn bị phần supporting ideas Quang Trương Khánh Ly K8G Chuẩn bị phần warm up Biên kết thúc vào 17h ngày 20/06/2021 Thư ký Nhóm trưởng Nguyễn Thị Phượng Nguyễn Thiên Phát MAKING INFERENCES A Theory Approximately ten items on the TOEFL will test your ability to make inferences based on the information you read For each individual passage, two or three questions will ask you to make an inference On the paper test, the inference questions are usually asked in the same order that the information appears in the passage On the computer test, the inference questions are also asked in the order that the information appears The computer may scroll automatically to that part of the passage or point out in which paragraph you can find the answer I What is an Inference? An inference is a conclusion you can make from the information given in a passage Some inferences can be made from a single sentence Some inferences are based on a whole paragraph or on the entire passage An inference is a “hidden” idea To make an inference, you must understand an idea that is not stated directly by the author To this, you must interpret the information that is stated directly What the author does not state directly, he or she may imply or suggest by mentioning certain details When an author implies something, you must infer or conclude the meaning based on what the author does A prediction is a type of inference in which you must determine what the author would probably say in the next paragraph or in a similar situation, or you may have to identify which statement the author would agree with When you make an inference or prediction, use key words and ideas in the passage, your general understanding of the author’s message, reason, logic, and common sense The question requires you to conclude the author's message This type of question is similar to those about main and supporting idea; however, here the idea is implied rather than stated directly II Inference Questions TOEFL questions about inferences and predictions look like this: It can be inferred from the passage that Which of the following can be inferred about It can be concluded from lines _ that _? It can be inferred by the phrase _ that _ ? The author of the passage implies/suggests that _? In paragraph the author implies/suggests that _? What does the author suggest was _? What does the author mean by the statement _? With which of the following statements would the author most probably agree? Which of the following is most probably _? Which of the following would be most likely _? What can be said/concluded about _? What does the paragraph following the passage probably discuss? All of the following can be inferred from the passage EXCEPT Which of the following could NOT be said/concluded about _? III Strategy to approach Inference questions Tackle the Passage Read the passage thoroughly Skip the details, focus on the main ideas Understand the connections among the paragraphs, especially with the main idea Finally, determine the purpose of writing, and the author’s opinion Rephrasal Rephrasing the question in your own words forces you to grasp what it asks Note the line location, concepts and words like except, but and not as they are crucial to the answer Choices Read the choices to see which one the passage supports Usually, the correct answer is based on the information in two/three sentences Elimination Eliminate the obviously wrong choices as it makes easier to find the right answer It’s best not to anticipate an answer in these cases Simply evaluate the answer choices given IV Avoid the following things while making inferences Explicit Answers Remember, an inference is NOT directly given in the passage It’s important to understand the question type to avoid wrong answers In inference questions, any answer choice which repeats/ rephrases something from the passage is WRONG Instead, the inference should be based on one of the lines from the given facts/reading comprehension.While answering inference based question, if you find yourself stuck between two choices, then make sure that for the answer to be correct it should have relevant basis in the passage to support the conclusion Distortions The information in the passage can be distorted to make an answer wrong Such choices twist the connection of ideas or mis-attribute an idea Extreme Answers Extreme words like always, any, all, never, none should alert you The passages contain qualifying statements and thus, rarely support extreme, broad generalizations Unrelated Answers Look out for ideas not addressed by the passage as they make the answer wrong V In inferences questions, some of the answer choices may try to trick you by - Not being supported by the information stated or implied in the passage - Being inaccurate or untrue according in incorrect ways The information in the passage can be distorted to make an answer wrong - Repeating words and phrases from in incorrect ways - Being too general - Being irrelevant => You must be careful and not fall into these traps The best way to avoid them is to read the argument patiently and have clarity about the ideas forwarded by it Always scrutinize an option before choosing it and not just judge it by a look at its language Look at an example 1: People are always less happy to accept scientific data they feel contradicts their preconceived beliefs No surprise here; no human likes to be wrong But science isn't supposed to care about preconceived notions Science, at least good science, tells us about the world as it is, and not as some wish it to be Sometimes what science finds is consistent with a particular religion's wishes But usually it is not Question: What can be inferred about good science? A A good science is well received by the educated people B A good science is based on concrete results obtained through testing the hypothesis C A good science and religion are same D A good science will always prove the general populace wrong Answer: - The first statement, A good science is well received by the educated people, is wrong as there is no relevant point in the passage to draw this conclusion - The second statement, A good science is based on concrete results obtained through testing the hypothesis, is supported nor implied in the passage This can be drawn on the basis of the line “But science isn't supposed to care about preconceived notions Science, at least good science, tells us about the world as it is and not as some wish it to be" - The third statement, A good science and religion are same, is too far-fetched and it may not be always true for science and religion to be same - The fourth statement, A good science will always prove the general populace wrong, is wrong as there is no fact in the passage to support this option => Answer to the above question is option B Look at an example 2: Many of the major phyla of animals arose during the Cambrian period, in what is called the Cambrian Explosion Prior to the Cambrian period, simple onecelled organisms had slowly evolved into primitive multicellular creatures Then, in a relatively rapid explosion during the period from 540 million years ago to 500 million years ago, there was a period of astonishing diversification in which quickly developing organisms became widely distributed and formed complex communities Question: It can be inferred from paragraph that _ A Some major phyla developed during periods other than the Cambrian period B Many other phyla of animals became extinct during the Cambrian Explosion C Descriptions of various animal phyla were created during the Cambrian period D The major phyla of animals that came about during the Cambrian period died out in the Cambrian Explosion Answer: - The first statement, Some major phyla developed during periods other than the Cambrian period, is implied in this sentence: “Prior to the Cambrian period, simple one-celled organisms had slowly evolved into primitive multicellular creatures.” It can understand that: organisms developed in periods other than the Cambrian period - The second statement, Many other phyla of animals became extinct during the Cambrian Explosion, is not supported in the passage - The third statement, Descriptions of various animal phyla were created during the Cambrian period, is irrelevant because various animal phyla is neither mentioned nor implied in the passage - The fourth statement, The major phyla of animals that came about during the Cambrian period died out in the Cambrian Explosion, is not mentioned in the passage => Answer to the above question is option A B Practice *Read the following passages and choose the one best anwer to each question Temporary workers often receive their assignments through temporary employment agencies They work for firms that require additional help on an occasional Christmas Temporary workers include cashiers, sales demonstrators, and marketing researchers It can be inferred from the paragraph that…….? A.Temporary workers are well paid B Some firms hire only temporary workers C Shops need extra help at Christmas Good climbers and swimmers, fishers have a large range in winter Although the origin of their common name is unknown, the monk's habit of fishing may have been mistakenly ascribed to fishers Fishers prefer living in hollow trees or rocky crevices, shifting sites occasionally, and if disturbed, they are known to hiss, snarl, or spit It can be inferred that Fishers… ? A.are athletic people B are rich from catching fish C are most active in winter D are wild animals Middle age has been regarded as a vague interim period when one is no longer young and not quite old The connotations of young are vitality, growth, and the heroic; whereas old age connotes vulnerability, withering, and the brink of nothingness This overly negative imagery of old age adds greatly to the burden of middle age It is terrifying to go through middle age as though one were already very old, and it is a self - defeating illusion to live it as though one were still simply young The author of the paragraph implies that middle age? A is preparation for the nothingness of old age B is when people have illusion about still being young C is defined primarily in negative terms D last several years 10 The telephone system makes contacting customers easier, and custom can also phone orders Personal computers and the internet have revolutionized how people  buy and sell The nationwide system of highways, on which large trucks can travel, enables huge quantities of goods to be transported over great distances in a very short time Sales workers, travelling by road or air, can visit numerous customers every week Which of the following can be concluded from the paragraph? A The telephone will soon be superseded by personal computers and the internet B Improvements in communications and transportation have influenced commerce C Changes in technology have made human society more complex D Traveling by road is less necessary because of telephones and the Internet About 750 million acres, or one - third of the land in the United States, is covered with forests All fifty states have forest lands The forests provide trees for building materials, paper, fuel, and a variety of other uses They help clean the air, protect water supplies, and make a home for wildlife They are a major source of recreational opportunities for people and are the basis of hundreds of thousands of jobs It can be inferred from the paragraph that …? A.forests in the United States have been replanted B Americans prefer houses built from wood C The number of jobs in forests is increasing D Industrialized and urbanized states have forests The traditional English wooden house was built to insure strength and durability The house was built on a sturdy frame of heavy timbers about a foot thick These were held together by cutting down the end of one beam into a tongue which was then fitted into a groove in the adjoining beam This kind of construction required shaping tongues and grooves, making wooden pegs, and fitting all these neatly together It can be inferred that traditional English house ….? A.required the tools and the training of a skilled carpenter B took as long as a year to complete C were sturdier and more durable than the houses built today D are no longer being built 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 ... Strategy to approach Inference questions IV Avoid the following things while making inferences V In inferences questions, some of the answer choices may try to trick you by ... - Hạnh phúc Lớp K8G Hà Nội, ngày 20 tháng 06 năm 2021 BIÊN BẢN HỌP NHĨM Mơn học: TIẾNG ANH Đề tài: MAKING INFERENCES Thời gian, địa điểm, thành phần: - Thời gian: + Bắt đầu: 15h ngày 26/05/2021... Nhóm trưởng Nguyễn Thị Phượng Nguyễn Thiên Phát MAKING INFERENCES A Theory Approximately ten items on the TOEFL will test your ability to make inferences based on the information you read For