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Prompt 6
Your hometown has just received a grant from an international organization to fund a single improvement project Which of the following would you recom- mend to receive the funding?
the city airport the streets and roads the police department the fire department
the local schools the city parks
the public transportation system the local hospitals the art museum
Trang 2CHECKING AND EDITING THE ÏNDEPENDENT RESPONSE
You should give yourself about five minutes after writing the essay to look for and correct mistakes You will need to look for the same kinds of mistakes that you looked for when checking and editing the Integrated Writing Response
(A) Checking and Editing Content and Organizational Errors
Again, there will not be enough time to make any major changes in the organiza- tion of your responses However, you should quickly check for the following problems:
1 Problems in the introduction
> Does the introduction accurately restate the prompt?
> Is there a thesis statement that summarizes your opinion of the prompt? (In some responses, the thesis statement is given in the conclusion.)
2 Problems in the body paragraphs
> Does all the information in the body paragraphs develop and support your opinion as given in the thesis statement?
> Are there reasons, examples, details, or experiences from your own life that support general statements?
> Are there sentences in the body that are unrelated to the thesis statement? (If so, delete them.)
>» Do the ideas flow clearly from sentence to sentence and paragraph to para- graph? If not, can you add transition words that improve the flow of ideas? 3 Problems in the conclusion
> Is there a conclusion that gives readers the feeling that the essay is complete?
(B) Checking and Editing Grammatical Errors
The grammatical errors that you will be checking for in the Independent Response are the same as those in the Integrated Response The most common errors are listed here: Sentence fragments and run-on sentences Verb errors Pronoun errors Singular and plural errors oF WN m
Incorrect word forms
For more information, see Lesson 24 about editing the Integrated Response (pp 635-636), and for explanations, examples, and exercises involving these and other written structures, see the Writing Tutorial on Grammar (pp 706-729)
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(C) Checking and Editing Mechanical Errors
You should check your response for the following mechanical problems: 1 Spelling errors 2 Punctuation errors 3 Capitalization errors 4 Paragraphing problems Again, see Lesson 24 (pp 635-636) for more information about editing these kinds of problems EXERCISE 28.1
Focus: Checking and editing organizational/content errors, grammatical errors, and mechanical errors in paragraphs taken from Independent Writing Responses DIRECTIONS: Each of the following paragraphs contains a number of mistakes Find as many mistakes in the paragraph as possible Correct the mistakes, writing in the space between the lines Then use your corrections to rewrite the paragraph The first sentence of paragraph 1 is done as an example
Paragraph 1
a on s
Trang 4stu-dents, especially those from another countries, to stay touch with their freinds and family at their home, personally I could not study in usa if not contact with my family, because I am both student as well as work as a manager in my families busi- ness so I must stay in touch with my assistents
Technology has had a major impact on many fields Paragraph 2
Some people are believing that is impossible falling in love with someone “at the first sight.” In the other hand, there are others people who are believing that you recognition a person that you love immediately I know its possible falling in love at first sight Because this happened to my wife and I = = = a @ Paragraph 3
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When I was small child I live in the town of Sendai, the biggest city in the north part of japan My grandmother live in Tokyo Which is in the center part of Japan While I was live in Sendai, I often went to see my grandmother, but it takes five hours to get to tokyo by local train Since about twenty-five years ago, the high speed express train called the “Shinkansen” (bullet train) built, and connected between Sendai and Tokyo For me personally, this was most importent develop- ment in transportation It now take only a hour and half to travel to Tokyo from Sendai The trip become very easy It also was a great impact on sendai Economics development there increased In the negative side, prices for housing and other things went up In the whole, however, this development was very big benefit for the city Paragraph 5
I’m from Korea Once, Koreans had large families They lived three times families altogether (grandparents-parents-children) They were almost farmers, so they pre- ferred large numbers of families In present, Korea has develop and society change from agriculture to industrial Many people has moved from rural areas to urban ones Because their job in the city For example my husband went to Seoul in 2000 for his college He leaved his parents and lived alone After his graduation, he got a job at Seoul At that time we worked together After we marriaged, we lived at
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Seoul Of course his parents want us to live together them as Koreans traditional do, but we have no jobs in parents area For me, I think this changes of society are natural and reasonable Paragraph 6
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WRITING REVIEW TEST
» Nowstart the Audio Program @)
This Writing Section tests your ability to write academic English It consists of two writing tasks
The first writing task is an “integrated” task It involves reading a short passage and listening to a short lecture on the same topic You will then have twenty min- utes in which to write a response based on the information in the passage and the lecture
Now read the directions for the first writing task
Directions: Take three minutes to read the short passage on the following page You may take notes as you read
After three minutes have passed, turn the page and start the Audio Program You will hear a lecture on the same topic as the reading Again, you may take notes as you listen
You will have twenty minutes to write your response Your response should include information from both the reading and the lecture
Your essay will be rated on the completeness and accuracy of your response as well as on the correctness and quality of your writing A typical response should be 150 to 225 words
You may use your notes and look at the reading passage as you write (During the actual exam, you can view the reading passage on the left side of the computer screen after the lecture is over.)
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For three hundred years, there have been those who have been in favor of Free Trade Allowing businesses from all over the world access to your country’s mar- kets, and having access to all the world’s markets, supposedly helps the
economies of both developing and developed countries However, the theory that Free Trade has brought only blessings is simply not true
Proponents of Free Trade claim that open trade policies lead to peaceful cooperation between nations on many levels and make war between trading partners impossible Historically, this had not been the case Most of the nations that fought each other in World War II had previously been trading partners And even if trade disagreements do not lead to military conflicts, they may still poison the relationship between nations, even between “friendly” nations
Free Trade brings global competition, and according to Free Trade advo- cates, competition brings lower prices This may be true—at least at first A giant international soft-drink company has what's called “economy of scale.” The more soft drinks it produces, the cheaper it is to make them Therefore, they can undersell local soft-drink producers This international soft-drink maker also has a huge advertising budget, unlike local companies By offering lower prices and filling the market with advertising, the giant company crowds out the local soft- drink companies Many go bankrupt, and local workers lose their jobs After the companies are gone, of course, there is little competition Global companies can then charge whatever they want for their products
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» Now start the Audio Program Listen to part of a lecture in an economics class @) Notes: Question:
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DIRECTIONS: Read the question below You have thirty minutes to write your essay This includes the time to plan, write, and revise your essay A typical response should be a minimum of 300 words
Your essay will be rated on the correctness and quality of your writing, includ- ing the way you organize your essay and develop and support your ideas
Do you agree or disagree with this statement?
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WRITING TUTORIAL: GRAMMAR
Grammar is not tested directly in the Writing section—there are no multiple-choice grammar items—but your ability to use written grammar correctly is an important part of your score on the Writing section In this section of The Guide, some com- mon grammar points are explained and exercises are provided
GRAMMAR POINT 1: RUN-ON SENTENCES AND SENTENCE FRAGMENTS
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When you are writing responses, it is easy to make two mistakes The first is to write run-on sentences These are not simply long sentences; they are sentences that consist of two or more clauses that are not correctly connected
RUN-ON SENTENCE: Professional workers such as lawyers or accountants usually work longer hours than factory workers they have more freedom in planning their time
The sentence above has two independent clauses that are not correctly joined You can repair run-on sentences by joining clauses correctly or by breaking the run-on sentences into two shorter sentences
CORRECTION A: Professional workers such as lawyers or accountants usually work longer hours than factory workers; however, they have more freedom in planning their time
CORRECTION B: Professional workers such as lawyers or accountants usually work longer hours than factory workers However, they have more freedom in planning their time
Another common mistake is to write a sentence fragment: an incomplete sentence that is missing some important sentence elements such as a verb or a subject By themselves, adverb clauses, adjective clauses, and all kinds of phrases are fragments
FRAGMENT: Larry wasn’t able to finish graduate school Because he didn't get a scholarship
Fragments can also be fixed in two ways: by joining the fragment to another sen- tence or by rewriting the fragment as a stand-alone sentence
CORRECTION A: Larry wasn't able to finish graduate school because he didn’t get a scholarship
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DIRECTIONS: Mark the following items F if they contain a fragment, RU if they are run-on sentences, and C if they are correct Then write corrections eliminating fragments and run-ons The first one is done for you as an example
_F 1s After its introduction in 1969 The float process became the world’s principal method of manufacturing flat sheets of glass
After its introduction in 1969, the float process became the world’s principal method of manufacturing flat sheets of glass
2 We heard a lecture by Professor Taylor Who is the chairman of the history department 3 Thomas Edison invented the light bulb and the phonograph But not the telephone 4, Arnold Palmer, a famous American golfer, is no longer playing professionally,
but he is still respected by golf fans all over the world
5 Seals appear clumsy on the land, they are able to move short distances faster
than most people can run ĐNILIIAA 6 You can't get to the island from here Without a boat 7 While all birds are alike in that they have feathers and lay eggs, there are great
differences among them in terms of size, structure, and color
8 A barometer is a device it is used to measure atmospheric pressure
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9 Sometimes cloth is made by blending natural fibers and synthetic fibers Rayon and cotton, for example 10 Professor Roberts bought a car in Rome Then sold it in Amsterdam after her vacation
11 Technical climbing means mountain climbing without special equipment, it shouldn't be attempted without training
12 Almost 92% of people get married over one third of these marriages end in divorce half of all divorced people choose to get married a second time
GRAMMAR POINT 2: ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
Adjective clauses—also called relative clauses—are a way of joining two sentences However, test-takers sometimes use these clauses incorrectly
In the joined sentence, the adjective clause modifies (describes) a noun in another clause of the sentence An adjective clause begins with a word called an adjective clause marker
I wanted the book The book was already checked out The book that I wanted was already checked out
The adjective clause in this example begins with the marker that and modifies the noun book